• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2007

This test was performed to evaluate the skin irritation and sensitization of Creocomplex, disinfectant, Containing 10% 4-chloro-m-cresol, 10% didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and 10% glutaraldehyde. In primary skin irritation test, rabbits were dermally treated with Creocomplex for 24 hrs. The disinfectant did not induce any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites, but on abraded skin sites, some rabbits showed very slight erythema and edema 24hr after topical application. So, the disinfectant was classified as a practically non-irrifating material based on the score 0.13 of primary irritation index. In the skin sensitization test, guinea pigs were sensitized with intradermal injection of 0.1ml Creocomplex for 24 hr. After 1 week, Creocomplex was treated on the site of injection, and challenged 2 weeks later. Creocomplex did not induce any allergic reactions. Therefore, 10% Creocomplex was graded as a weak material from 0 in both sensitization score· and rate. From results of the present study, it is suggested that 10% Creocomplex does not cause contact irritation and sensitization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.251-256
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• 2012

Stilbenes are known as antioxidants and some of them demonstrate anti-pigmentation activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether two stilbene compounds produced by biotransformation of the extract of $Morus$ $alba$ root show skin irritation and sensitization. In skin irritation test, 1% oxyresveratrol (OXY), and 5% OXY, and 1% oxyresveratrol-3-$O$-glucoside (OXY-3) showed a P.I.I score of 0, 0.04, and 0, respectively. Accordingly, the two stilbenes were evaluated to be virtually 'non-irritant' materials. In a skin sensitization study by GPMT, 1% OXY, 5% OXY, and 1% OXY-3 did not cause edema and erythema at 24 h and 48 h after topical application and exhibited a sensitization score of 0 and a rate of 0%. Consequently, it was confirmed that OXY and OXY-3 had no contact allergic sensitization in GPMT. Therefore, OXY and OXY-3 might be potential candidates as skin-whitening agents without posing any serious side effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.91-96
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• 2005

Holographic quantitative structure-toxicity relationships (HQSTR) of alkyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (A) and N-alkyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide (B) derivatives were analyzed and discussed. The HQSTR model X for the skin sensitivity showed the best predictability based on the cross-validated $r^2_{cv}.$ ($q^2 = 0.744$), non cross-validated, and conventional coefficient ($r^2_{ncv}.$=0.978). The relationships between melanogenesis inhibitory activities and skin sensitization of compounds have a tendency to a reciprocal proportion. Therefore, the more higher melanogenesis inhibitory activities of compounds were, the more lower skin sensitization of compounds became. The side chain, C1 ${\~}$ C3 part of R1-substituents in (A) and (B) did not exhibit any contribution to skin sensitization. Particularly, it is reveals that the skin sensitization of ester (A) were slightly lower (A < B) than that of amide (B) and melanogenesis Inhibitory activities of (A) were slightly higher (A > B) than that of (B). It is founded that the alkyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate derivatives (A) were an ideal compound as an ingredient of whitening agents.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

This evaluation tested the skin irritation and sensitization of an acaricide (Wagoojabi II®, WGJB) for the control of poultry red mite, containing 20% Chamaecyparis obtusa oil and 56% Cinnamomum camphora oil. In a primary skin irritation test, rabbits were dermally treated with WGJB for 24 h. The acaricide did not induce any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites, but on abraded skin sites, some rabbits showed very slight erythema and edema 24 h after topical application. So, the acaricide was classified as a practically mild-irritating material based on a 0.625 primary irritation index score. In the skin sensitization test, guinea pigs were sensitized with intradermal injection of 0.1mL WGJB for 24 h. After 1 week, The WGJB was treated on the site of injection, and challenged 2 weeks later. The WGJB did not induce any allergic reactions. Therefore, the WGJB was graded as a weak material at '0' in both sensitization score and rate. From the results of this study, it is suggested that WGJB does not cause contact irritation and sensitization.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2002

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.3339-3342
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• 2014

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1509-1512
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• 2008

Monomer and aggregate of $Bebq_2$ give fluorescence at 492 and 511 nm at 12 K, respectively. Intense T1 emission with vibronic structure was observed from $Bebq_2$ and $Alq_3$ below 70 K by heavily doping with phosphorescent $Ir(ppy)_3$. Energy transfer from $Ir(ppy)_3$ was clarified by photoluminescence excitation spectra.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.156-156
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• 2002

Chronic exposure of arsenic is well known to be the cause of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In order to investigate the effect of arsenic on blood vessels, we examined whether arsenic affected agonist-induced contraction of aortic rings in isolated organ bath system.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.431-437
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• 2017

This study investigated the surface pit corrosion of SS420J2 stainless steel accompanied by intergranular crack. To reveal the causes of surface pits and cracks, OM, SEM, and TEM analyses of the microstructures of the utilized SS420J2 were performed, as was simulated heat treatment. The intergranular cracks were found to have been induced by a grain boundary carbide of $(Cr,Fe)_{23}C_6$, which was identified by SEM/EDS and TEM diffraction analyses. The mechanism of grain boundary sensitization occurred at the position of the carbide, followed by its occurrence at the Cr depleted zone. The grain boundary carbide of $(Cr,Fe)_{23}C_6$ type precipitated during air cooling condition after a $1038^{\circ}C$ solid solution treatment. The carbide precipitate formation also accelerated at the band structure formed by cold working. Therefore, using manufacturing processes of cooling and cold working, it is difficult to protect SS420J2 stainless steel against surface pit corrosion. Several counter plans to fight pit corrosion by sensitization were suggested, involving alloying and manufacturing processes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2005

Breastfeeding has been known as the best feeding practice to prevent allergies including atopic dermatitis (AD) However, the benefit on the prevention of allergic disease is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to examine the rate of sensitization to the protein of eggs, cow's milk and soy in exclusively breastfed infants and to evaluate antigen-antibody reaction between breast milk and serum of AD infant. Data on feeding and food hypersensitivity were obtained for 62 AD infants (32 male, 30 female) aged < 6 month who had visited Samsung Medical Center from September 2001 to May 2003. Food hypersensitivity was determined by measuring specific IgE to egg, cow's milk and soy. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L by CAP assay (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) were considered positive. The rates of sensitization in breastfed infants were $41.9\%$ (26/62) to egg, $30.6\%$ (19/62) to milk and $18.0\%$ (11/62) to soy. Immunoblotting analyses were performed using breast milk with the matched serum of seven AD infants (4 male/3 female). Binding patterns of AD infant's IgE to breast milk extract showed visible specific band for immunoglobulin, especially in case of a lactating mother who did not completely restricted ingestion of egg, milk and soy. These results indicate that sensitization to food allergen develops via breast milk feeding. Breast milk feeding should be recommended in infants at risk of developing allergic disease, but maternal intake of highly allergenic food might be restricted for prevention and treatment of food allergy among the babies with AD.