• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

2000년 이후 국내에 등록된 농약제품을 대상으로 원제 및 그 원제로 제조된 농약의 자극성 및 감작성에 대한 연관성을 연구하여 농약재등록, 신규등록 및 농약관리시 자극성 예측, 시험성적서 요구 결정 등에 대한 이용 가능성을 타진하고 농약관리의 기초 자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 농약의 자극성 및 감작성성적은 농약시험성적 정보집 및 농약등록 시 제출된 자료 등을 참고하여 원제 148성분 및 제품 149종의 자극성 및 감작성의 양성반응 빈도, 제형 간 반응차이, 원제와 제품간의 연관성 등을 조사 분석하였다. 원제 148성분 중 피부 자극성 133종, 안구 자극성 132종, 피부 감작성 97종의 성적이 이용되었으며, 항목별로 피부자극성 25(18.8%)종, 안구자극성 62(47%)종, 피부감작성 20(20.6%)종이 경도 이상의 양성반응을 보였다. 또한 149 품목 중 피부자극성 148종, 안구자극성 149종, 피부감작성 140종의 성적으로 분석한 결과 피부자극 22(14.9%), 안구자극 58(38.9%), 피부감작성 33(23.6%)품목이 경도 이상의 양성반응을 나타내었다. 동일제형 10품목 이상이 조사된 10종을 제형별, 독성반응별로 조사 분석하였다. 분석결과 원제와 제품간의 연관성은 피부자극성 73.1%, 안구자극성 44.7%, 피부감작성 66.2%로 분석되었으며, 성분함량간의 자극성 및 감작성은 아무런 상관성이 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 이상 원제와 제품간의 자극성 및 피부감작성에 관여하는 몇 가지 요인을 조사 분석한 결과 피부자극성 및 피부감작성은 원제와 제품간 각각 73.1%, 66.2%의 높은 상관성을 보였으나, 안구자극성은 제형 의존적인 것으로 판단되어 추후 더 많은 농약에 대하여 원제의 자극성성적, 제형특성 등을 참고하여 분석하면 자극성시험 수행 여부 결정을 위한 스크리닝 단계에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.735-749
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate airborne pollen counts, inhalant allergen sensitization rate, and allergic disease prevalence among elementary school children in Ulsan, South Korea during 2012-2018. Methods: Burkard samplers for pollen were installed on rooftops in suburban and urban areas in Ulsan. A 24-hour sampling of airborne allergens was conducted six days/week from January 1, 2013 to November 31, 2018. Skin prick tests were done with a total of 4,246 primary school students residing in urban and suburban areas in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. This study examined sensitization to 20 major inhalant allergens. Results: The highest monthly counts of airborne pollen were observed in April and September each year. Among the pollen identified over the six years, pine showed the highest pollen counts (44.3%), followed by oak (22.3%), alder (6.3%) and Japanese hops (4.3%). Tree pollen predominated from March to June, and weed pollen predominated from August to October. Higher sensitization rates for inhalant allergens were observed in Dermatophagoides farinae (42.4%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (43.6%), cat fur (12.1%), birch (9.9%), oak (9.6%), and alder (8.7%). The inhalant allergen sensitization rate was highest in the group with comorbidity (asthma and/or rhinitis and atopic dermatitis), and respiratory allergic disease (asthma and/or rhinitis) was higher than that of atopic dermatitis. Conclusion: Both the counts of tree pollen in the air and the sensitization rate for tree pollen were high in Ulsan. The temporal change in respiratory allergic diseases was similar to that for the sensitization rate of tree pollen, such as oak. In the future, it is considered that additional continuous research on various inhalant allergens and pollen should be conducted.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2005년도 창립60주년 기념 추계 학술대회
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• pp.128.1-128.1
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• 2005

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1996

In this paper, it was studied about the red-sensitive layer. UV-Vis data of the dye at monomeric and J-state were considered with respect to their performance(contrast, density and fog) in photographic emulsion. The sensitizing effect of the dye is found to be strongly structuredependent. Naphthothiazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as red-sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2010

본 연구는 흑마늘을 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용하기 위하여 그 기능성을 in vitro에서 tyrosinase 및 elastase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 피부노화에 관여하는 두 효소의 활성을 모두 저해하였다. 흑마늘 추출물을 hartley계 기니픽 수컷을 사용하여 피부 1차 자극 실험을 실시한 결과 1차 피부자극지수(P.I.I.)가 0.23으로 practically non-irritation(비자극성)에 해당하는 자극으로 피부 자극이 거의 없었음을 알 수 있었다. Maximization test법으로 피부 감작성을 확인한 결과 시험물질에 의한 홍반과 부종 등이 전혀 유발되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 흑마늘 추출물에 대한 기니픽의 피부 감작율은 0%로, 피부에 대한 피부 감작성이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 흑마늘 추출물이 기능성 화장품 소재로 피부노화를 억제하는 기능성과 안전성확보된 소재임을 추정할 수 있었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

Methamphetamine (MA) is a major drug of abuse in Korea. Currently preliminary evidence suggests that MA dependence may cause long-term neural damage in human. Repeated exposure to psychostimulants such as methamphetamine results in behavioral sensitization, a paradigm thought to be relevant to drug craving and addiction in human. Sensitization alters neural circuitry involved in normal processes of incentrive, motivation, and reward. However the precise mechanism of this behavioral sensitization has not yet been fully elucidated. Repeated use of high dose MA causes neurotoxicity which is characterized by a long-lasting depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) and tyrosin hydroxylase activity of DA, DA-transporter binding sites in the striatum. The loss of DA transporters correlates with memory problems and lack of motor coordination. DA fuels motivation and pleasure, but it' s also crucial for learning and movement. This selective review provides a summary of studies that assess the neurobiological mechanisms of MA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

It was hypothesized that NaF induces calcium sensitization in $Ca^{2+}$-controlled solution in permeabilized rat mesenteric arteries. Rat mesenteric arteries were permeabilized with $\beta$-escin and subjected to tension measurement. NaF potentiated the concentration-response curves to $Ca^{2+}$ (decreased $EC_{50}$ and increased $E_{max}$). Cumulative addition of NaF (4.0, 8.0 and 16 mM) also increased vascular tension in $Ca^{2+}$-controlled solution at pCa 7.0 or pCa 6.5, but not at pCa 8.0. NaF-induced vasocontraction and $GTP{\gamma}S$-induced vasocontraction were not additive. NaF-induced vasocontraction at pCa 7.0 was inhibited by pretreatment with Rho kinase inhibitors H1152 or Y27632 but not with a MLCK inhibitor ML-7 or a PKC inhibitor Ro31-8220. NaF induces calcium sensitization in a $Ca^{2+}$ dependent manner in $\beta$-escin-permeabilized rat mesenteric arteries. These results suggest that NaF is an activator of the Rho kinase signaling pathway during vascular contraction.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.250-250
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• 1996

Eye irritation, primary skin irritation and skin sensitization tests for Aloewhite were tested in New Zealand White rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. In primary skin irritation test of male New Zealand White rabbits, body weights were not significantly changed and primary Irritation Index(PII) was 0.47, indicating Aloewhite as mildly irritating material, In ocular irritation test, any injury on iris, conjunctival membrane, and cornea in New Zealand White rabbits was not observed. No injuries of the ocular mucous membrane were also recorded. Skin sensitization was tested in guinea Peg after intradermal and epicutaneous induction and graded I with zero % sensitization rate. These results indicate that Aloewhite was not considered to be irritant in test organs of animals.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the rate of sensitization to food allergen in children with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Korea. A total of 3,783 patients (male = 1983, female = 1800) with AD (age under 18 years) who had visited Samsung Medical Center from 1998 to 2003 were enrolled in the study. Food hypersensitivity was measured by specific IgE to egg, cow's milk, soy, peanut, wheat, buckwheat, beef, pork, chicken, shrimp, crab, salmon, mackerel, etc. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L. by Captured Allergen Product (CAP) assay were considered positive. Chi-square test at p value < 0.05 was used to examine the difference of the prevalence by sex and age. The rate of sensitization to multiple food allergens was 31.2% and decreased with age. Hypersensitivity to egg showed highest prevalence, which was 24.3%, compared to the prevalence of other foods. High prevalence of hypersensitivity to milk. wheat, soy, peanut, crab or shrimp was observed (11.6- 17.7%). Low prevalence of hypersensitivity to beef, pork, tuna or chicken was observed (1.9-3.5%). Children aged under 3 years had significantly higher prevalence of hypersensitivity to egg, milk, soy and beef than children aged at least 3 years. Our results stress the need for examination of food hypersensitivity aimed at identified and limited each food allergen among children with AD caused by food to help patients outgrow their food allergy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.709-715
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• 2006

The effects of thermal cycle condition and applied stress on the intergranular corrosion in austenitic 316 type stainless steels were investigated. Specimens were solution-treated at 1100$^{\circ}C$ for one hour and then sensitized in the temperature range of $500{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ by holding $2{\sim}300s$ with a various applied stresses of $0{\sim}8kg/mm^2$. Degree of sensitization. DOS %, was measured through polarization curve by electrochemical DL-EPR test. Microstructural observations were also conducted DOS % increased with an increase of sensitization temperature and/or holding time. Increase of applied stress resulted in increase of DOS % and more corroded surface because of acceleration of intergranular corrosion and fine grain size due to the stress. Cr depleted zone near grain boundary was observed. The amount of depletion was profounded with an increase of sensitization temperature, holding time and applied stress. $M_{23}C_6$ carbides were precipitated discontinuously at grain boundary. However, its amount was relatively small in the thermal cycle condition of 800$^{\circ}C$, 300sec and 4kg/mm$^2$.