• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2014

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) has the excellent physical characteristics in the sensor, medicine, manufacturing and energy fields, and it has been studied in those fields for the several years. We fabricated the NOx gas sensors of MOS-FET type using the MWCNT. The fabricated sensor was used to detect the NOx gas for the variation of $V_{gs}$ (gate-source voltage) with the ambient temperature. The gas sensor absorbed the NOx gas molecules showed the decrease of resistance, and the sensitivity of sensor was reduced by the NOx gas molecules accumulated on the MWCNT surface. Furthermore, when the voltage ($V_{gs}$) was applied to the gas sensor, the term of the decrease in resistance was increased. On the other hand, the sensor sensitivity for the injection of NOx gas was the highest value at the ambient temperature of $40^{\circ}C$. We also obtained the adsorption energy ($40^{\circ}C$) using the Arrhenius plots by the reduction of resistance due to the $V_{gs}$ voltage variations. As a result, we obtained that the adsorption energy also was increased with the increasement of the applied $V_{gs}$ voltages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

For many years beak trimming has been a controversial subject, particularly since the 1980's when the practice came under close scrutiny by animal welfare groups. In Australia it is considered an essential practice, averting losses of AUD$17.5m annually by reducing mortality from cannibalism. While mortality in flocks from cannibalism can be reduced from 25% of the flock to virtually nil, the beak trimming procedure is considered traumatic for the bird. This study examined if chronic pain in the beak was evident in birds 10, 20 and 60 weeks after being trimmed at hatch and in another group of birds, 8 and 52 weeks after being re-trimmed at 14 weeks. Chronic pain was assessed by measuring pecking behaviour and beak sensitivity responses. Pecking behaviour studies completed after beak trimming and re-trimming showed no evidence to indicate that birds were suffering severe chronic pain in the beak. Beak trimmed pullets pecked more at the cage and had more toe pecks, yet overall pecks made at the feed and the environment were no different than untrimmed controls. While the beak sensitivity studies provided evidence that the beak of birds trimmed at hatch and also re-trimmed at 14 weeks may be more sensitive there was no evidence that re-trimming resulted in a more sensitive beak than birds trimmed at hatch only. These studies have shown that birds which are beak trimmed and re-trimmed return to apparently normal feeding and pecking behaviour in the long term. However, there was limited evidence that beaks of trimmed birds have an altered threshold to potentially painful stimuli.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.9 s.158
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• pp.699-711
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• 2005

In this study, the U.S. Geological Survey's DR3M-II(Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model) was applied for small urban drainage. DR3M-II is a watershed model for routing storm runoff through a branched system of pipes and natural channels using rainfall input. The model was calibrated and verified using short term rainfall-runoff data collected from Sanbon basin. Also, the parameters were optimized using Rosenbrock technic. An estimated simulation error for peak discharge was about 7.4 percent and the result was quite acceptable. Results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the percent of effective impervious area and ${\alpha}$ defining surface slope and roughness were the most sensitive variables affecting runoff volumes and peak discharge for low and high intensity storm respectively. In most cases, soil moisture accounting and infiltration parameters are the variables that give more effects to runoff volumes than peak discharge. Parameter ${\alpha}$ showed the opposite result.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.737-741
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• 2019

A low-cost and flexible potassium ion (K⁺) sensor was fabricated through a screen-printed process. Uniform and conformal coating of conductive inks was verified by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy measurements. The K⁺-sensors showed a high sensitivity, fast response time, and low detection limit. The sensitivity of K⁺-sensor was similar to that of both mechanically normal and bent states. The K⁺-sensor exhibited a good reproducibility with no hysteresis effect and excellent long term stability. In addition, the K⁺-sensor showed an excellent selectivity for K⁺ concentrations in the presence of other interfering cation ions. Successful measurements of K⁺ concentrations in sports drink samples were demonstrated by comparing K⁺ concentration values from K⁺-sensor to those of using a commercial K⁺-meter.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.480-488
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• 2012

The aircrafts with high aspect ratio wings made by a composite material have been developed, which enable high energy efficiency and long-term flight by reducing air resistance and structural weight. However, they have difficulties in securing the aeroelastic stability such as the flutter because of their long and flexible wings. The flutter is unstable self-excited-vibration caused by interaction between the structural dynamics and the aerodynamics. It should be verified analytically prior to first flight test that the flutter does not happen in the range of flight mission. Normally, the finite element model is used for the flutter analysis. So it is important to construct the finite element model representing dynamic characteristics similar to those of a real aircraft. Accordingly, in this research, to acquire dynamic characteristics experimentally the modal test of the aircraft with high aspect ratio composite wings was conducted. And then the modal parameters from the finite element analysis(FEA) were compared with those from the modal test. To make analysis results closer to test results, the finite element model was updated by means of the sensitivity analysis on variables and the optimization. Finally, it was proved that the updated finite element model is reliable as compared with the results of the modal test.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-43
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• 1995

The relationship between perceived social support and adaptation to maternal role for first-time mothers was investigated in this descriptive correlational study. A nonprobable sample of 90 first-time mothers were selected, who had uncomplicated perinatal experiences and delivered healthy and term newborns as well. The data was collected during a home interview at 4-6weeks postpartum. The outcome of adaptations was defined as the level of sensitivity in parent-infant interactions and of the self confidence in infant care. The perception of social support in the primiparous was assessed by the NSSQ during the postpartum. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the perceived total functional support was $116.6{\pm}37.5$ points (affective : 38.1 affirmative : 39.3, aid : 39.3), and the score of the total network support was $45.2{\pm}13.9$ points (size : 4.9, duration :19.8 frequency : 20.4). These scores tended to be slightly low. 2. The mean score of the self confidence on the infant care activity as the subjective aspect of the maternal role adaptation (MRA) was 56.5 points (86.9%), whereas that of the sensitivity of the mother-infant interaction of the MRA was 78.9 points (63.2%). 3. The subjective aspect of the MRA has showed a positive relation ship with the aid dimension of the functional support. And the objective aspect of the MRA also showed a positive relationship with the total functional support and the total network support. However the correlating degrees were slightly low. In conclusion, the primiparous mothers perceived that they had received a small amount of social support during the postpartum period, suggesting the need of various kinds of social support to promote the MRA for the primiparous.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2004

A method for rapid acute toxicity test based on temperature control of Ceriodaphnia dubia has been developed and evaluated. A new toxicity test based on temperature control (TTBTC) which are based on temperature control, was developed and compared for the adsorption of the better methodology for short-term toxicity screening. Initially, daphnid larval are exposed to toxicants and at the same time the temperature of the water bath containing media is increased to high temperature $(35.5^{\circ}C).$ After 1.25 hrs of contact time, the number of the daphnids, either living (no toxic effect) or dead (toxic effect), is counted by the naked eyes. Effect of exposure time on test sensitivity was not significantly different between 1 to 1.5 hr. Comparison of the rapid 1.25 hr acute toxicity test developed in this study and the standard 48 hr acute toxicity test using heavy metals, cyanide and pentachlorophenol indicated that the 1.25 hour test provides an acceptable level of sensitivity in toxicity test for C. dubia.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.809-823
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• 2010

The 21st century is the age of culture and sensitivity. As the interest in the art and culture grows, Artygen who prefers artistic designs grow in number. The desire to enjoy life from the increase of leisure time and financial afford ability created a new trend of party culture. This study analyzes the characteristics of Artygen who pursues artistic sense and sensitivity and suggests party-wear designs that please Artygen and accentuate individuality and personal preferences in a party, which is a type of popular entertainment these days. Through literature review, the background of Artygen and party was examined; First, in order to analyze the feature of art designs, photos of products that were in fashion from 2007 to 2009, (during which the term, 'Artygen', was coined) were collected. Second, in order to analyze the party-wear designs, photos of party-wear in wine party and club party popular among young people in the 20~30's were collected. Through the analysis, the party-wears targeting Artygen was developed based on the characteristics of popular art designs. The results of this study were as follows. First, from the result of analyzing the art design shown in product, casual, romantic, modern, dynamic and gorgeous images were. Second, art design shown in fashion, casual, romantic, chic, dynamic and gorgeous images were. Third, in wine party, romantic, elegant, gorgeous and formal images were in order and in club party, casual, gorgeous, chic and romantic images were in order. Fourth, the study displayed design by connecting aesthetic factor of artistic design to 2 wine party-wear of romantic and gorgeous images and 3 club party dresses of casual, gorgeous and chic images.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.563-571
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• 2017

Because of the rapid progress of urbanization in recent decades, the proportion of impervious areas in cities has increased. As a result, hydrological properties of urban streams have changed and non-point pollution sources have increased, that have had considerable influence on human life and ecosystems. To manage these situations, application of non-point pollution reduction facilities and LID facilities are expanding recently. In this study, it is investigated if rainfall interception rate used in design of non-point pollution reduction facilities can be applied to design of LID facilities. For this purpose, EPA SWMM is constructed for part of Noksan National Industrial Complex area wherein long-term observed storm water data can be obtained and storm water interception rates for various design capacities of a bio-retention LID facility reservoirs are estimated. While sensitivity of storm water interception rate according to design specifications of bio-retention facility is not large, sensitivity of storm water interception rate according to regional rainfall characteristics is relatively large. As a result of comparing present rainfall interception rate estimation method with the one proposed in this study, the present method is highly likely to overestimate performance of the bio-retention facility. Finally, a new storm water interception rate formula for bio-retention LID facility is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

[ $DeniLite^{TM}$ ] laccase immobilized Pt electrode was used for amperometric detection of some catechol derivatives and o-aminophenol (OAP) derivative by means of substrate recycling. In case of catechol derivatives, the obtained sensitivities are 85, 79 and $57 nA/{\mu}M$ with linear ranges of $0.6\~30,\;0.6\~30\;and\; 1\~25 {\mu}M$ and detection limits (S/N=3) of 0.2, 0.2 and $0.3{\mu}M$ for 3,4-dihydroxycinnaminic acid (3,4-DHCA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA), respectively. In case of OAP derivative, the obtained sensitivity is $237 nA/{\mu}M$ with linear range of $0.2\~15{\mu}M$ and detection limit of 70 nM for 2-amino-4-chlorophenol (2-A-4-CP). The response time $(t_{90\%})$ is about 2 seconds for each substrate and the long-term stability is around 40-50days for catechol derivatives and 30 days for 2-A-4-CP with retaining $80\%$ of initial activity. The optimal pHs of the sensor for these substrates are in the range of 4.5-5.0, which indicates that stability of the enzymatically oxidized product plays a very important role in substrate recycling. The different sensitivity of the sensor for each substrate can be explained by the electronic effect of the sugstituent on the enzymatically oxidized form.