• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.429-441
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• 2022

This study examined the influence of bullying victimization on reactive aggression among upper elementary school students, and the mediating effect of victim justice sensitivity on the relationship between such victimization and aggression. It also investigated whether negative urgency moderates the influence of bullying victimization on reactive aggression. The participants were a group of 262 children (114 boys and 148 girls) who were fourth to sixth-grade students from 10 elementary schools located in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and Daegu. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and SPSS Process Macro Model 5. The results were as follows: First, victim justice sensitivity mediated the influence of bullying victimization on reactive aggression among upper elementary school students. Second, negative urgency moderated the effect of bullying victimization on reactive aggression, whereas the impact of this was greater when the level of negative urgency was high. The results suggest that reactive aggression among upper elementary school students could be effectively decreased by preventing bullying victimization, and reducing the level of victim justice sensitivity and negative urgency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2361-2368
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• 2015

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in differentiating between benign and malignant enlarged lymph nodes using meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Embase, SCI and Cochrane databases were searched for studies (up to September 1, 2014) reporting the diagnostic performance of CEUS in discriminating between benign and malignant lymph nodes. Inclusion criteria were: prospective study; histopathology as the reference standard; and sufficient data to construct $2{\times}2$ contingency tables. Methodological quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Patient clinical characteristics, sensitivity and specificity were extracted. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve was used to examine the accuracy of CEUS. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical utility in identification of benign and malignant lymph nodes. Sensitivity analysis was performed after omitting outliers identified in a bivariate boxplot and publication bias was assessed with Egger testing. Results: The pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUROC were 0.92 (95%CI, 0.85-0.96), 0.91 (95%CI, 0.82-0.95) and 0.97 (95%CI, 0.95-0.98), respectively. After omitting 3 outlier studies, heterogeneity decreased. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated no disproportionate influences of individual studies. Publication bias was not significant. Conclusions: CEUS is a promising diagnostic modality in differentiating between benign and malignant lymph nodes and can potentially reduce unnecessary fine-needle aspiration biopsies of benign nodes.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.668-680
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of infrared temperature measurements compared to axillary temperature in order to detect fever in patients. Methods: Studies published between 1946 and 2012 from periodicals indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, KoreaMed, NDSL, KERIS and other databases were selected using the following key words: "infrared thermometer". QUADAS-II was utilized to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed through a meta-analysis using MetaDisc 1.4. Results: Twenty-one diagnostic studies with high methodological quality were included representing 3,623 subjects in total. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of infrared tympanic thermometers were 0.73 (95% CI 0.70~0.75), 0.92 (95% CI 0.91~0.92), and 0.90, respectively. For axillary temperature readings, the pooled sensitivity was 0.67 (95% CI 0.62~0.73), the pooled specificity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.85~0.90), and the AUC was 0.80. Conclusion: Infrared tympanic temperature can predict axillary temperature in normothermic and in febrile patients with an acceptable level of diagnostic accuracy. However, further research is necessary to substantiate this finding in patients with hyperthermia.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

Purpose: Globally, falls are a major public health problem. The study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of the Timed Up and Go test (TUGT) as a screening tool for fall risk. Methods: An electronic search was performed Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochran Library, KoreaMed and the National Digital Science Library and other databases, using the following keywords: 'fall', 'fall risk assessment', 'fall screening', 'mobility scale', and 'risk assessment tool'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Thirteen studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. Results: The selected 13 studies reporting predictive validity of TUGT of fall risks were meta-analyzed with a sample size of 1004 with high methodological quality. Overall predictive validity of TGUT was as follows. The pooled sensitivity 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.77), pooled specificity 0.58 (95% CI: 0.54-0.63) and sROC AUC was 0.75 respectively. Heterogeneity among studies was a moderate level in sensitivity. Conclusion: The TGUT's predictive validity for fall risk is at a moderate level. Although there is a limit to interpret the results for heterogeneity between the literature, TGUT is an appropriate tool to apply to all patients at a potential risk of accidental fall in a hospital or long-term care facility.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Self-reported difficulties in speech-in-noise (SiN) recognition are common among tinnitus patients. Whereas hearing impairment that usually co-occurs with tinnitus can explain such difficulties, recent studies suggest that tinnitus patients with normal hearing sensitivity still show decreased SiN understanding, indicating that SiN difficulties cannot be solely attributed to changes in hearing sensitivity. In fact, cognitive control, which refers to a variety of top-down processes that human beings use to complete their daily tasks, has been shown to be critical for SiN recognition, as well as the key to understand cognitive inefficiencies caused by tinnitus. In this article, we review studies investigating the association between tinnitus and cognitive control using behavioral and brain imaging assessments, as well as those examining the effect of tinnitus on SiN recognition. In addition, three factors that can affect cognitive control in tinnitus patients, including hearing sensitivity, age, and severity of tinnitus, are discussed to elucidate the association among tinnitus, cognitive control, and SiN recognition. Although a possible central or cognitive involvement has always been postulated in the observed SiN impairments in tinnitus patients, there is as yet no direct evidence to underpin this assumption, as few studies have addressed both SiN performance and cognitive control in one tinnitus cohort. Future studies should aim at incorporating SiN tests with various subjective and objective methods that evaluate cognitive performance to better understand the relationship between SiN difficulties and cognitive control in tinnitus patients.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1999

This study focused on the temperament of infants and on maternal sensitivity in the investigation of the factors which affect infant-mother attachment. The 67 infant-mother pairs were divided into two groups on the basis of attachment security scores. Results showed a relationship between infant-mother attachment and temperament. There was also a relationship between maternal sensitivity and infant temperament. Factors most strongly affecting infant-mother attachment were infant's sociability, mother's emotion, and mother's satisfaction with the degree of infant's sociability.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1248-1253
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• 2003

Sensitivity information has been used for linearization of nonlinear functions in optimization. Basically, sensitivity is a derivative of a function with respect to a design variable. Design sensitivity is repeatedly calculated in optimization. Since sensitivity calculation is extremely expensive, there are studies to directly use the sensitivity in the design process. When a small design change is required, an engineer makes design changes by considering the sensitivity information. Generally, the current process is performed one-by-one for design variables. Methods to exploit the sensitivity information are developed. When a designer wants to change multiple variables with some relationship, the directional derivative can be utilized. In this case, the first derivative can be calculated. Only small design changes can be made from the first derivatives. Orthogonal arrays can be used for moderate changes of multiple variables. Analysis of Variance is carried out to find out the regional influence of variables. A flow is developed for efficient use of the methods. The sensitivity information is calculated by finite difference method. Various examples are solved to evaluate the proposed algorithm.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2092-2100
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• 2003

Sensitivity information has been used for linearization of nonlinear functions in optimization. Basically, sensitivity is a derivative of a function with respect to a design variable. Design sensitivity is repeatedly calculated in optimization. Since sensitivity calculation is extremely expensive, there are studies to directly use the sensitivity in the design process. When a small design change is required, an engineer makes design changes by considering the sensitivity information. Generally, the current process is performed one-by-one for design variables. Methods to exploit the sensitivity information are developed. When a designer wants to change multiple variables with some relationship, the directional derivative can be utilized. In this case, the first derivative can be calculated. Only small design changes can be made from the first derivatives. Orthogonal arrays can be used for moderate changes of multiple variables. Analysis of Variance is carried out to find out the regional influence of variables. A flow is developed for efficient use of the methods. A software system with the flow has been developed. The system can be easily interfaced with existing commercial systems through a file wrapping technique. The sensitivity information is calculated by finite difference method. Various examples are solved to evaluate the proposed algorithm and the software system.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 용평리조트 타워콘도, 21-22 May 1998
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

In this paper, a global acoustic design sensitivity analysis (DSA) of field point pressure with respect to structural sizing design variables is developed. Firstly acoustic sensitivity is formulated and implemented numerically. And it is combined with continuum structural sensitivity to obtain the global acoustic, design sensitivity. For this procedure, GASA (global acoustic design sensitivity analyzer) has been developed. A half scale of automobile cavity model is considered in this paper. In order to confirm accuracy of the results of global acoustic DSA obtained by GASA, it is compared with the result of central finite difference method. In order to reduce computation time, Rayleigh approximated solution is evaluated and compared with the solution which used every nodal velocities. Also the acoustic optimization procedure is performed using design sensitivities. From these numerical studies, it can be shown that global acoustic DSA is a useful tool to improve acoustic problems.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1093-1117
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• 2016

Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) has been widely used to investigate the sensitivity of the model output with respect to its input parameters. In this paper a new single-solution search optimization algorithm is developed based on the GSA, and applied to the size optimization of truss structures. In this method the search space of the optimization is determined using the sensitivity indicator of variables. Unlike the common meta-heuristic algorithms, where all the variables are simultaneously changed in the optimization process, in this approach the sensitive variables of solution are iteratively changed more rapidly than the less sensitive ones in the search space. Comparisons of the present results with those of some previous population-based meta-heuristic algorithms demonstrate its capability, especially for decreasing the number of fitness functions evaluations, in solving the presented benchmark problems.