• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.335-347
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• 2016

One of major errors in flow rate measurement for two-phase flow using an Electrical Capacitance Sensor (ECS) concerns sensor sensitivity under temperature raise. The thermal effect on electrical capacitance sensor (ECS) system for air-water two-phase flow monitoring include sensor sensitivity, capacitance measurements, capacitance change and node potential distribution is reported in this paper. The rules of 12-electrode sensor parameters such as capacitance, capacitance change, and change rate of capacitance and sensitivity map the basis of Air-water two-phase flow permittivity distribution and temperature raise are discussed by ANSYS and MATLAB, which are combined to simulate sensor characteristic. The cross-sectional void fraction as a function of temperature is determined from the scripting capabilities in ANSYS simulation. The results show that the temperature raise had a detrimental effect on the electrodes sensitivity and sensitive domain of electrodes. The FE results are in excellent agreement with an experimental result available in the literature, thus validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed flow rate measurement system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.351-351
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• 2023

강우 자료는 수문 모델링에서 중요한 입력 요소 중 하나이다. 강우의 공간적 가변성은 모델링 불확실성의 중요한 원인으로 알려져 있다. 강우 관측자료는 많은 경우 유역을 대표하는 평균 면적강수량 (Mean Areal Precipitation, MAP)을 계산하여 수문모형에 입력된다. 선행 연구에서는MAP 예측 결과의 신뢰도를 개선하기 위하여 다양한 보간 방법이 개발되었다. 하지만, 강우특성의 동질성를 고려한 대표 기상 관측소 선정이 MAP 예측과 유출량 모의 결과에 미치는 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 유역의 MAP 예측에 있어 강우특성의 동실성을 고려한 강우 관측소 선정이 수문 모델링 성능 개선에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 종관 기상관측(ASOS) 74개 지점과 방재기상관측(AWS) 400여개 지점에서 2003~2022년 기간에 대한 일강수량 자료를 수집하였고 강우특성이 동질한 지역을 구분하였다. 또한, 강우특성 동질성의 고려 유무에 따른 MAP를 계산하였다. 이후, 5개의 매개변수로 이루어진 개념적 강우-유출 모형FPHM을 사용하여 우리나라 전역 41개 유역을 대상으로 MAP 계산 결과가 모형 성능에 미치는 민감도를 조사하였다. 분석 결과, 강우특성의 동질성을 고려한 강우 관측소의 선택은 MAP 보간 방법 이상으로 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Jeju Island is managed intensively in terms of environmental and ecological aspect because of its extraordinary ecosystem types comprising numerous rare, protected flora and fauna. To depict rapid change of habitat status in Jeju Island, the InVEST Habitat Quality model has been operated and compared analytically with the Eco-Natural map. The Habitat Quality map of Jeju Island is turned out to have similar inclination with Eco-Natural map. We compared the average habitat quality value in each Eco-natural map class in Jeju Island and the habitat quality value of first second third grade and non-included area decreased as 0.95 0.76, 0.53 and 0.37 in eco natural map respectively. Compared to biodiversity map based on biological investigation, the result of the InVEST habitat quality model can be simply obtained by land cover map with threat and sensitivity data. Further studies are needed to make explicit coefficients for Jeju Island and Korean peninsula, then the Habitat Quality model could be applied to past and future scenarios to analyze extent of habitat degradation in time series to help decision makers.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2003

The primary objective of this study is to develop a suitable methodology to generate forest leaf area index (LAI) map at regional and local scales. To build empirical models, we collected the LAI values at 30 sample plots over the forest within the kyongan watershed area by the field measurements using an optical instrument. Landsat-7 ETM＋ multispectral data obtained at the same growing season with the field LAI measurement were used. Three datasets of remote sensing signal were prepared for analyzing the relationship with the field measured LAI value and they include raw DN, atmospherically corrected reflectance, and topographically corrected reflectance. From the correlation analysis and regression model development, we found that the radiometric correction of topographic effects was very critical step to increase the sensitivity of the multispectral reflectance to LAI. In addition, the empirical model to generate forest LAI map should be separately developed for each of coniferous and deciduous forest.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2021

High-efficient HEV Engine cooling systems reflects variable coolant temperature because it can decrease the hydrodynamic frictional losses of lubricated engine parts in light duty conditions. In order to safely raise the operating temperature of passenger cars to a constant higher level, and thus optimize combustion and all accompanying factors, a new thermostat technology was developed : the electronically map-controlled thermostat. In this work, various crystalline plastics such as polyphthalamide (PPA) and polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) mixed with various glass fiber amounts were introduced into plastic fittings of automotive electronic controlled thermostat for the purpose of suppressing influx of coolant into the element and undesirable opening during hot soaking. Skirt was installed around element frame of automotive electronic controlled thermostat for improving thermal sensitivity in terms of response time, hysteresis and melting temperature. To validate the effectiveness and optimum shape of skirt, thermal sensitivity test and three-dimensional CFD simulation have been performed. As a consequence, important improvement in thermal sensitivity with less than 3℃ of maximum coolant temperature between opening and engine inlet was obtained.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.499-508
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• 2014

In this paper, we implemented a LED sensitivity illumination system, being driven in response to changes in the biological signals of GSR and PPG signal. After measuring biological signals of a human body from GSR and PPG sensor modules, MCU decided the state of relaxation or arousal of the subject, being based on the wake relaxation identifying map proposed in this paper. A developed LED sensitivity illumination system makes the subject to reach a normal state by giving a change of the LED illumination color, corresponding to a state of the subject.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2000

The high temperature deformation behavior of spray-formed Al-19wt%Si-1.87wt%Mg-0.085wt.%Fe alloy was studied by torsion testing in the strain rate range of 0.001-1 sec-1 and in the temperature range of 300-500 $^{\circ}C$. The relationship between stress temperature and strain rate is expressed using the Power law. the behavior of dynamic recrystallization is showed in 300-35$0^{\circ}C$, 1-0.1sec-1 and the behavior of dynamic recovery is showed in 450-50$0^{\circ}C$, 0.01-0.001sec-1 The size of Si particles is mall when the temperature is low and the strain rate is high. The strain rate sensitivity(m) and the apparent activation energy(Q) indicate the dependence on strain rate and temperature for flow stress respectively. The hot ductility is high when m is high and Q is low. The maps of strain rate sensitivity and apparent activation energy suggest the optimum processing conditions.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2016

Visualization of the tissue loss tangent property can provide distinct contrast and offer new information related to tissue electrical properties. A method for non-invasive imaging of the electrical loss tangent of tissue using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was demonstrated, and the effect of loss tangent was observed through simulations assuming a hyperthermia procedure. For measurement of tissue loss tangent, radiofrequency field maps ($B_1{^+}$ complex map) were acquired using a double-angle actual flip angle imaging MRI sequence. The conductivity and permittivity were estimated from the complex valued $B_1{^+}$ map using Helmholtz equations. Phantom and ex-vivo experiments were then performed. Electromagnetic simulations of hyperthermia were carried out for observation of temperature elevation with respect to loss tangent. Non-invasive imaging of tissue loss tangent via complex valued $B_1{^+}$ mapping using MRI was successfully conducted. Simulation results indicated that loss tangent is a dominant factor in temperature elevation in the high frequency range during hyperthermia. Knowledge of the tissue loss tangent value can be a useful marker for thermotherapy applications.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.535-547
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• 2012

Controlling the balance of motion in a context involving a biped robot navigating a rugged surface or a step is a difficult task. In the present study, a $3{\times}5$ flexible piezoelectric tactile sensor array is developed to provide a foot pressure map and zero moment point for a biped robot. We introduce an innovative concept involving structural electrodes on a piezoelectric film in order to improve the sensitivity. The tactile sensor consists of a polymer piezoelectric film, PVDF, between two patterned flexible print circuit substrates (FPC). Additionally, a silicon rubber bump-like structure is attached to the FPC and covered by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. Experimental results show that the output signal of the sensor exhibits a linear behavior within 0.2 N ~ 9 N, while its sensitivity is approximately 42 mV/N. According to the characteristic of the tactile sensor, the readout module is designed for an in-situ display of the pressure magnitudes and distribution within $3{\times}5$ taxels. Furthermore, the trajectory of the zero moment point (ZMP) can also be calculated by this program. Consequently, our tactile sensor module can provide the pressure map and ZMP information to the in-situ feedback to control the balance of moment for a biped robot.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1993

Acute and chronic effects of ethanol (EOH) administration on the cardiovascular and hormonal responses to repeated hemorrhage were investigated in conscious normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The chronic EOH treated group received 5% EOH (vol/vol) ad libitum in the drinking water far the first week,10% for the last 2 weeks, and 20% for the last 5 weeks from the age of 6 weeks. The EOH free group received tap water. Chronic EOH and EOH free groups were randomly subdivided into acute EOH infusion and control groups. Under ether anesthesia, catheters were inserted into the femoral vein and both femoral arteries. After rats regained consciousness and their blood pressure was stabilized, responses to quick hemorrhage (5 ml/kg BW) were tested. In the acute EOH infusion group, hemorrhage was induced 20 min after EOH infusion (1.0 g/kg BW), Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was assessed by the ratio of changes in hen.1 rate and mean arterial pressure (${\Delta}HR/{\Delta}MAP$) immediately after the hemorrhage. Chronic EOH administration elevated MAP in Wistar rats. During acute EOH infusion, MAP do- creased and HR increased in all groups. In comparison to EOH free control rats, acute or chronic EOH treated rats showed a greater reduction in MAP and a smaller elevation in heart rate in response to a hemorrhage. The degree of MAP reduction was significantly greater in SHR than in Wistar rats. Both the acute and chronic EOH administration attenuated the baroreceptor reflex and retarded MAP recovery, again the trend being much more prominent in SHR. The increase in plasma vasopressin and lenin concentrations after hemorrhage were intensified by the chronic EOH administration. SHR showed a greater vasopressin response but a smaller lenin response than Wistar rats. These results indicate that the EOH treated rats, particularly SHB, are prone to shock by a hemorrhage, which may be partly attributed to an impaired baroreceptor reflex function.