• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.371-381
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• 1993

When the multicollinearity presents in the standard linear regression model, ridge regression might be used to mitigate the effects of collinearity. As the prediction-oriented criterion, the integrated mean sqare error criterion $J_w(k)$ was introduced by Lim, Choi & Park(1980). By noting the equivalent relationship between the $C_k$ criterion and $J_w(k)$ with a special choice of weight function $W(x)$, we propose a more reasonable selection rule of k w.r.t. the $C_k$ criterion than that given in Myers(1986). Next, to find the $\beta(k)$ which behaves reasonably well w.r.t. competing criteria, we adopt the minimax principle in the sense of maximizing the worst relative efficiency of k among competing criteria.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.357-366
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• 2016

This study analyzed the strengths and weaknesses for enneagram types 3, 6 and 9, which are the center types among the different centers of intelligence, in order to provide college students with meaningful knowledge that can improve their self-understanding. To conduct this study, thematic analysis was used to discover the strength and weakness keywords using NodeXL and contents analysis was used for the case analysis of types 3, 6, and 9. The results showed that the strengths were objectiveness and confidence for type 3, responsibility and premeditation for type 6 and pacifism and consideration for type 9. The weaknesses were self-consciousness and consequentialism for type 3, indecision and worry for type 6, and evading conflict and laziness for type 9. The results obtained by contents analysis showed that type 3 was goal-oriented and placed value on gaining the recognition of other people, type 6 had a sense of responsibility and was well prepared beforehand, and type 9 was considerate of others's feelings and evaded conflicts. This can help college students to better understand themselves.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.33
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• pp.331-358
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• 2013

This paper looks into several aspects of linguistic behaviors attested in Korean and American English corpora. A special attention is paid to the areas of politeness phenomena, terms of address, power and solidarity, practice of flattery, and closely-related non-linguistic behaviors such as tipping and gift-giving conventions. An analysis of the data reveals that Korean society remains very much superior-oriented, non-egalitarian, non-democratic despite the pride and sense of accomplishment among the populace that the nation has achieved a satisfactory level of democracy. In particular, the following facts in Korean and the Korean society are exposed by an examination of the data: ${\bullet}$ There is a notional gap of positive politeness ${\bullet}$ Superiors enjoy an unfair advantage in the power and solidarity system ${\bullet}$ The terms of address system is set up to make a clear distinction between levels and the terms of address, in turn, dictate norms of expected behavior ${\bullet}$ The notion and practice of flattery heavily favors superiors ${\bullet}$ Non-linguistic acts of gift-giving and tipping are consistent with the examined social interactions As a result, all the benefits, emotional as well as material, are garnered by superiors. These facts may reflect the real Korea that people are used to being comfortable with, a pre-modern, feudalistic society, something akin to its kin in the north. We may proclaim that we aspire to a more democratic society. However, it appears Koreans, deep inside, may have been seeking a powerful dictator all along. These findings help provide a partial but insightful clue to the political puzzle: why Koreans grew uncomfortable with an egalitarian and democratic president and could not save him, but instead replaced him with a succession of a corrupted businessman and the authoritarian daughter of a former dictator. The flight to democracy has stalled in midair, not quite making the grade yet. There is plenty of linguistic evidence in Korean.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.457-460
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• 2009

u-IT Convergence appliances study and are developed in communication by development of u-IT technology, broadcasting, portal, contents, equipment and all fields of business such as solution. This treatise presents valuation basis of, economic performance, administration sex etc. by temperature, pressure, own, storehouse, gas, justice for humidity sensors and valuation basis that define u-IT Convergence, and sense information u-IT Convergence devices and terminal. Also, studied standardization standard of u-IT Convergence network appliance that follow in valuation basis for u-IT Convergence devices. Is going to contribute establish value as estimation product that equip stability and authoritativeness through correct certification assessment for technological development and appliances on Ubiquitous information-oriented society through this research and accomplish standardization.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.165-188
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• 2010

One of the things that should be done first in establishing the cosmic life culture is to reflect on the old human-oriented culture. If the cosmic life culture absolutizes everything except for humans according to the logic of reason, its foundation will weaken or eventually get lost. Separating humans from the universe is just like separating life from it. Given that all life, whether it is humans or the earth, originated from the universe, such an effort for separation merely values an individual life by excluding all life or whole life. When the human body and the cosmic chi' blood are not in an active flow, it means there is a problem with life. What is in the greatest need in such a case is the sincere human mind that follows the principle of cosmic life. It is like the sincerity found in the pasonri singer, who mellows all the hardships and difficulties in the world out and create songs out of them like the shadow. It is the pansori singer's shadow that changes the universe. It is only when the extreme force of human mind communicates with that of the universe that the cosmic life or cosmic life culture can be created. In that sense, it is urgent to create life out of the universe inside me and create a universe out of all life in and outside me. It is such a grave plan in human history in that it involves finding the "Sanal" which is the core of life living hidden inside the body whose life force gradually goes away or inside the universe, and creating the culture of Bokseung in which it bursts out. The most important thing in life is the flow, and the mankind is currently standing in the life flow of the massive universe's chaosmos. The greatest task the mankind is currently faced with is to think over how to deal with the period of Big Chaos in the massive universe's chaosmos reversely and establish the cosmic life culture anew.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

This study suggests a way through Hong Kong as an alternative strategy for Korean companies to enter Chinese service market which is rapidly expanding due to China's recent policy switch toward service economy. Service market is generally more regulated, labor-intensive, and domestic demand-oriented than goods market, which makes opening of domestic markets to foreigners slow. In case of China, market control and regulations by the State is tighter than other economies. Therefore, it is important to find ways to avoid regulations from the Chinese government if possible. In this sense, this study investigates the China-Hong Kong CEPA and draws its strategic value for entering Chinese service market by comparing it with the Korea-China FTA service sector. In addition, utilizing the difference in tax agreements between Korea-China and China-Hong Kong, and the human network of Hong Kong entrepreneurs in China may play an important role in reducing the risk that might arise in China.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2019

Choi Buk(1712-1786) is the master of three poems, caligraphy, paintings of the Middle Class Painter. There is a resisting cynicism against discrimination, a madly free and unbridled madness that is not bound by itself, and a master sense due to pride in his artistic talents. Madness and stubborn as an image of a unique painting through unworldly and clasical scholar oriented Muninhwa. His muninhwa has many poetic picture paintings where poetry and painting are one, and the technique of painting depicting objects is based on the power of the muscles and is a madness brush which is not bound anywhere. And it expresses the level of art in a higher level through the unconventional composition of the unconventional composition, the simplicity of the line, and the unique operation of margins and colors. His Muninhwa appeared naturally in the works of art, which is a pride of enterprising people and a belief that aesthetic pursuit of a change of the unchanging ones.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2021

This study analyzes the characteristics of fashion flex, which have recently spread on social media. The study was conducted with big data analysis that derived flex keywords from news articles and social media as well as case studies that collected 136 posted images on Instagram to analyze the content. The meaning of flex was positively accepted based on big data results. Flex was also a buzzword frequently used on social media as well as a symbolic meaning when discussing luxury goods or fashion brand experiences. The characteristics of fashion flex in social media were largely divided into three categories. First, conspicuous consumption is considered an active expression of individual fashion tastes or self-oriented consumption and emphasizes individuality through consumption. The second characteristic is that the public actively participates in events or fashion flex challenges. People use similar fashion styles or products to participate in playful social interactions with others using various Instagram functions. Finally, acts of pursuing psychological well-being in social media were used as the term flex in a broad sense and were shown to actively explore fashion-related materials and experiences for individual happiness. This study found that the meaning of existing conspicuous consumption is transforming into positive consumption, such as the expression of taste-based identity or the seeking of fun and psychological well-being. It is also meaningful that fashion has become an effective means to express individuality and taste in expressing flex.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.105-116
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• 2021

Pillows are tools that humans have used for a long time to sleep or lie down and rest. It is bedding, and the oldest literature dealing with it is Volume 29 of 'GoryeoDogyeong', which describes embroidered pillows. The oldest relic is the queen's pillow (National Treasure No. 164) excavated from the tomb of King Muryeong, and is in the Gongju National Museum. This study attempts to investigate and reproduce the materials used in traditional pillows Yukgol pillows and pine nut pillows designs are based on literature and artifacts from the Joseon period to modern times. Regarding the research method, after reviewing literature and the relics of traditional pillows, the process of reproducing the traditional Yukgol pillow and the pine nut pillow production method were explained step by step. This study found the plain attitudes in the lives of people who used materials that could be easily gained from their daily lives in rural communities oriented to rice farming never recklessly threw out any piece of cloth or cotton and use it for pillow stuffing or pillow ends. Also, the sophisticated sense of aesthetics that you can see from the pine nut pillows, whose ends were made of remnants from making clothing are exquisitely similar to what was shown in patchwork previously. The biggest meaning of restoring traditional pillows was looking into traditional culture, particularly the ordinary people's living culture. It was very difficult because the researcher had to find materials that were difficult to obtain in this age, the making process was complex, and it took much time; however, it is significant in that the restoration of traditional pillows allows for the succession of tradition.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to survey fundamental limitations and problems of sports event hosting from the critical point of view and to set future-oriented perspective. The reason and legitimacy for hosting sports event have come from pragmatism based on ideological logic behind politics. Thus, the flow of advanced studies was mostly limited to the category of efficiency. However, there is fundamental limitation in sports even hosting in terms of its financial expectation and efficiency. Critical approach will contribute to minimizing side effects caused from blind acceptance through awakening dispassionate and realistic judgment. In addition, rational selection of sports even hosting can be achieved through interconnection of sports culturism's directivity as an advanced sense of sports culture, integrated perspective that penetrates problems of growth and distribution and local governance as apolitical philosophy, and of course, through concentration of energy.