• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of $\alpha$-wave music and art appreciation on hand function. Methods: A total of 22 university students participated in this study (10 males and 12 females). Twelve subjects received $\alpha$-wave music and art appreciation. The other subjects received neither. All subjects were assessed for hand function (manual dexterity, power grip, pinch, lateral pinch, tactile sense) using a Purdue pegboard, dynamometer, pinch gauge, and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament wire. The data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Results: The results were as follows: 1. In the experimental group, manual dexterity and tactile sense were significantly increased between pre- and post-intervention (p<0.05). Within the control group, manual dexterity and power grip were significantly increased between pre- and post-test (p<0.05). 2. With regard to dexterity and tactile sense, the experimental group experienced a significant post-intervention increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in power grip, pinch, or lateral pinch changes between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that $\alpha$-wave music and art appreciation affect hand function with regard to manual dexterity and tactile sense.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.107-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify types in sense of gender role identity and to figure out the difference among sociocultural attitude, benefits of clothing pursuit, and appearance management behaviors by sense of gender role identity types. Questionnaires were administered to 455 people in their twenties and thirties living in Daegu and Kyoungbuk area. Data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, credibility, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and t-test. The findings are as follows. First, Men of androgyny group showed the highest rate of 38.5% followed by undifferentiation(22.9%), masculineness(21.0%), and feminineness(17.6%). Women of undifferentiation group showed the highest rate of 33.2% followed by feminineness (25.2%), androgyny(22.0%), and masculineness(19.6%). Second, factors of sociocultural attitude were internalization and recognition. Benefits of clothing pursuit consists of the factors such as consciousness of others, personality, and vogue pursuit. Factors of appearance management behaviors were dressing, skin management, plastic surgery management, weight management, health management, and hair management. Third, the result from the difference between sociocultural attitude and benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity types, men of androgyny and feminineness showed highest in recognition while women of androgyny showed highest in internalization and recognition. The result of the difference in benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity shows that both men and women of androgyny group have high tendency for being conscious of others, personality pursuit, and vogue pursuit while men of undifferentiation and masculineness have low interest in dressing in relationship with others. Fourth, the examination of the difference in appearance management behavior by sense of gender role identity types found men of androgyny group managed dressing, skin, weight, health and hair most while women dress and health most. Men of undifferentiation group managed dressing and weight least, while men of masculineness health, and men of feminineness hair least.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.196-201
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the apply of lumbar stabilization exercises and lumbar strengthening exercises using Medx machine on back functions such as static balance, lumbar reposition sense, and back pain(VAS) in chronic low back pain. This study divided 30 chronic low back pain patients who experienced only lumbar back pain(male: 5, female: 10) into a lumbar stabilization exercise group and a complex exercise group, and then performed their respective exercise programs for three times a week over a 8-week period. The lumbar static balance, lumbar reposition sense, and lumbar back pain were measured using a pair t-test within each group, and were also compared between two groups using an independent t-test. The results of the present study were as follows: Both groups exhibited statisti cally significant increases after performing their own exercise program in the static balance, lumbar reposition sense, and lumbar back pain(p<.05). However, the comparison of two groups confirmed that the complex exercise group resulted in greater effects than the lumbar stabilization exercise group(p<.05). In conclusion, muscle strengthening and stabilization exercises in chronic low back pain patients are considered to not only relieve back pain, but also improve various back functions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the Effects of Knee Extensor, Flexor Muscle Strength and Joint Position Sense in Squat Exercise on Variety Surface. Method : Subjuects were consisit of 30 male and female who had non disorder knee joint. we had devided 3 group(control group, balance pad group, and togu group) and we measured that knee joint $15^{\circ}/45^{\circ}$proprioception(position sense) and Peak Torque of knee extensor, flexor muslce at $60^{\circ}/sec$, $180^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity. Result : First, knee joint $15^{\circ}$proprioception(position sense) of balance pad and togu group was significantly different after exercise(p<.05), but only balance pad group was significantly different at knee joint $45^{\circ}$. Second, knee extensor Peak Torque of balance pad and togu group was significantly different at $60^{\circ}/sec$, $180^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity(p<.05). Third, knee flexor Peak Torque of balance pad and togu group was significantly different at $60^{\circ}/sec$, $180^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity(p<.05). Conclusion : Squat exercises on the balance pad and togu were affects knee joint proprioception and muscle strength improvement. These results suggest that squat exercise on the unstable surface is effective for prevention of knee joint injury and functional activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose : Proprioceptive position sense plays a key role in providing joint stability, and multiple factors are related to proprioceptive position sense. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of body composition, particularly skeletal muscle mass on proprioceptive position sense following muscle fatigue. Methods : Healthy female subjects agreed to have their body composition analyzed. Only subjects who had 18.5-22.9 kg/㎡ of BMI (body mass index) were included in this study, and the participants were divided into two groups by skeletal muscle mass level. The experimental group had a level of skeletal muscle lower than the standard level (n=9), while the control group showed a standard or high level of skeletal muscle mass (n=11). To determine the change in proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint, the absolute angle error (AAE) was evaluated following muscle fatigue on low extremity. The muscle fatigue was induced by isokinetic resistance exercise program of Biodex system. AAE was measured by the Biodex system and compared the result before and after muscle fatigue. Results : The experimental group showed a significant AAE difference between before (3.16±2.48 °) and after (5.40±2.61 °) muscle fatigue. In addition, there was a AAE difference between the experimental (5.40±2.61 °) and control groups (3.53±1.67 °) after fatigue; however, there was no significance. Those results indicated that low level of skeletal muscle mass might influence the proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint after muscle fatigue. Conclusion : Thus, maintaining the proper level of skeletal muscle mass is pivotal to reduce the risk of injury following muscle fatigue in ADL or sport activities.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2012

Background and Purpose : This study was to analysis effects of muscle fatigue on error of elbow joint sense. Methods : A total 19 healthy student(men = 10, women = 9) who did't have any problem of musculoskeletal system in upper extremities participated this study. we divided two groups into young group(n = 10, $19.67{\pm}.5$) and old group(n = 9, $28.56{\pm}1.5$). In order to evoke muscle fatigue of elbow flexor, we used Biodex, and participations performed concentric contraction of elbow flexor 150 numbers as well as we measured error of joint sense using by Biodex. We collected data just after, 30min, 2hour, 24hour after evoked muscle fatigue, and we finanlly acquired average value of three times measured joint sense of elbow joint. And we calculated value of percentage of error of joint sense. We analyzed collected data by repeated ANOVA, ANOVA using by SPSS ver.12.0 program. Result : This study showed that there was no significantly effects between groups and within groups, we could see that there was significantly difference among duration by each group of age, and sex(p<.05). Conclusion : The error of joint position sense presented highest value just period after evoked muscle fatigue compared after 30 min, 2 hours, 24 hours, and we can't find out interaction between duration and age and sex.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in joint position sense (JPS), force sense (FS), and performance level of the upper extremities according to the injury and pain experiences of Korean elite archers. Methods: A total of 15 subjects were briefed about the purpose of this study and agreed to participate voluntarily. JPS was evaluated using the laser-point attached to the wrist while aiming at the target. The difference when relocating while aiming was used as JPS factor. FS was evaluated using load cell through reproduces same muscle strength. Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) was used to evaluate psychosocial factors, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic overhead athlete scores (KJOC) and numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate pain. and performance was evaluated by tournament match score. Results: There is a strong correlation between the current pain and KJOC. Moreover, moderate correlation between KJOC and FABQ also current pain and both upper trapezius and lower trapezius in elite archers. The mean (SD) between groups based on current pain display relatively large margin in force sense than without pain group. The result presents that there is a significant difference in performance and pain. There is a significant difference in the force sense of the upper and lower trapezius and pain. Conclusions: Result present there is a significant difference in functional level in the average comparison between groups according to the presence of absence of current pain. There is a significant difference in the force sense of the upper trapezius as well as lower trapezius and without pain group present a relatively low joint position sense error compared to the groups.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of mathematics learning through tessellation activities on the improvement of spatial sense and to find out a better mathematics teaching method that could further develop spatial sense. For this purpose, the following questions were attempted; Can mathematics learning using tessellation activities develop spatial sense? In odor to test this hypothesis, twenty-four fifth graders of a class were selected at random. And the experimental group was divided into four groups according to gender and academic performance. The groups were protested and post-tested to determine results based on the quasi-experimental design(i.e. one-group pretest-post test design). The process of this study was checking spatial sense for a common evaluation of experimental group. In this study, tangram, pattern block, and GSP was used for mathematics learning through tessellation activities during each independent-study, discretion-activity, and math class. The instrument used in this study was a spatial sense test and pretest and post-test were implemented with the same instrument(i.e. K-WISC-III Activity Test). In conclusion, mathematics learning through tessellation activities with tangram, pattern block, and GSP is an effective teaching and learning method for the improvement of the spatial sense.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.385-399
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• 2004

The study attempted to explore the dimensionality of mother's psychological well-being. The major purpose of the study was aimed at establishing the construct validity regarding the instrument of assessing mother's psychological well-being. Instrument for assessing psychological well-being was developed with 9 variables(sense of control, sense of achievement, sense of confidence, sense of acceptance, sense of intimacy, sense of assistance, sense of immersion, sense of hope, and sense of satisfacion) in 3 dimensions(sense of competency, sense of relation, and sense of improvement) with 4 rating scales of 102 items. After the scale development, the estimates of reliability for the 9-variable scales were Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.71{\sim}.90.$ The correlation between the two scales, Psychological Well-Being Index(Franklin, 1996) and Psychological Well-Being(Ryff & Keyes, 1995) was .21~25. The subjects were divided two groups by the score of the Mother's sense of Psychological Well-Being. And the group has hiher score in Mother's sense of Psychological Well-Being showed the higer score of Perceptions of Parental Role Responsibilities Scale(t=3.24, p=.002).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.242-247
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of 60° semi-squat exercises according to three different types of support surfaces. The effects were examined on joint position sense and balancing ability using stable and unstable surfaces in patients afflicted with post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods: Subjects were instructed to perform three sets of 60° semi-squat exercises according to the characteristics of the support surface conditions. The three ground states were bilateral stable surface (BSS), nonaffected side unstable surface (NUS), and bilateral unstable surface (BUS). The joint position sense, characteristics of body sway, and dynamic balance were analyzed according to floor conditions before and after the experiment. A balance-pad (50 cm W×41 cm L×6 cm H; Alcan Airex AG, Sins, Switzerland) was used for the unstable floor. Results: The 60° semi-squat exercises applied to hemiplegic patients showed the highest statistical significance in joint position sense in the NUS group, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in the BUS group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Functional training using an unstable surface can be applied as a meaningful intervention method for improving the balance and joint position sense of stroke patients.