• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.533-536
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• 1998

In order to develop a pretreatment solution for cut rose, the effects of surfactants [Tween 20, Triton X-100, polyoxyethylene 4 lauryl ether (PLE)], germicides (aluminum sulfate, $AgNO_3$, dichloroisocyanuric acid, STS, benzalkonium chloride, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate), sucrose, and hormones (ABA and kinetin) on the longevity and quality of 'Red Sandra' were investigated in environment-controlled room. Although 20 and 50 ppm Tween 20, and 500 ppm PLE appeared, in appearance, to be effective in retarding blueing and wilting, respectively, they didn't show statistical differences as compared to distilled water control. Among germicides, $AgNO_3$ was the most effective in delaying petal blueing, petal withering, and reduction of fresh weight, regardless of its concentration, while, in the case of STS, only 1mM treatment was effective in delaying of petal withering. Only 5% sucrose treatment delayed petal blueing, petal withering, and bent neck, but showed no significant difference as compared to 500 ppm aluminum sulfate. Finally, single or combination treatments of ABA and cytokinin were found to rather stimulate the senescence of cut rose.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.294-298
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• 2016

Natural products are attractive as the source of new drug development. Especially, numerous unknown marine bioresources are an object of attention because the ocean occupies three fourth of the earth. Survival of marine bioresources in extreme environment may induce the production of biological active compounds. As previous study, we examined over 40 specimens of marine sponges collected from Micronesia and screened their anti-proliferative activities in various cancer cell lines. Among them, we investigated Coscinoderma sp.'s activity and mechanism in human colon carcinoma HCT116 and RKO cells. Furthermore, we also used the p53-knockout of HCT116 cells and the p53 loss of RKO cells for elucidating the role of p53. Coscinoderma sp. inhibited cellular viability independently of the p53 status. Therefore, we compared the expression level of cell death-related proteins by Coscinoderma sp. in HCT16 and in HCT116 p53KO cells. Coscinoderma sp. increased p53 level and NOXA levels and induced apoptosis under the condition of p53 existence. On the other hand, Coscinoderma sp. increased p21 and mTOR levels in HCT116 p53KO cells. These results suggest that Coscinoderma sp. induced anti-proliferation effect through different pathway depending on p53 status.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

Objective: D-galactose (D-gal) is well-known agent to induce aging process. In the present study, we selected crocin, the main constituent of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), against D-gal- induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: Pretreated cells with crocin ($25-500{\mu}M$, 24 h) were exposed to D-gal (25-400 mM, 48 h). The MTT assay was used for determination cell viability. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay (DCF-DA) and senescence associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase staining assay (SA-${\beta}$-gal) were used to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species and beta-galactosidase as an aging marker, respectively. Also advanced glycation end products (AGEs) expression which is known as the main mechanism of age-related diseases was measured by western blot analysis. Results: The findings of our study showed that treatment of cells with D-gal (25-400 mM) for 48h decreased cell viability concentration dependency. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which are known as main factors in age-related diseases increased from $100{\pm}8%$ in control group to $132{\pm}22%$ in D-gal (200 mM) treated cells for 48h. The cytotoxic effects of D-gal decreased with 24h crocin pretreatment of cells. The cell viability at concentrations of $100{\mu}M$, $200{\mu}M$ and $500{\mu}M$ increased and ROS production decreased at concentrations of 200 and $500{\mu}M$ to $111.5{\pm}6%$ and $108{\pm}5%$, respectively. Also lysosomal biomarker of aging and carboxymethyl lysine (CML) expression as an AGE protein, significantly increased in D-gal 200 mM group after 48h incubation compare to control group. Pre-treatment of SHSY-5Y cells with crocin ($500{\mu}M$) before adding D-gal significantly reduced aging marker and CML formation. Conclusion: Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with crocin before adding of D-gal restored aging effects of D-gal concentration dependency. These findings indicate that crocin has potent anti- aging effects through inhibition of AGEs and ROS production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletes stores of cellular antioxidants. Fucoidan, polysaccharides containing L-fucose and sulfate ester groups, are constituents of brown algae. In this study, the protective effects of fucoidan on UVB-induced oxidative stress in cultured human skin fibroblast HS68 cells were assessed. Pretreatment with fucoidan significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in a dose-dependent manner. With fucoidan pretreatment at a dose of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, the level of intracellular glutathione was increased by 21.5%, compared to UVB irradiation alone. Fucoidan significantly reduced UVB-induced ROS generation by 40.1% and 68.4% at 10 and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, compared to UVB irradiation alone. The positive staining rates of senescence-associated $\beta$-galactosidase were reduced by 23.1% and 16.4% with 10 and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of fucoidan, compared to UVB irradiation alone. Fucoidan may exert a photoprotective effect against UVB radiation-induced oxidative stress.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.767-782
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• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 DNA microarray 분석법을 이용하여 건강한 사람치주인대섬유모세포, 건강한 사람치은섬유모세포, 복제노화된 사람치은섬유모세포, 염증성 사람치주인대 섬유모 세포의 유전자 발현 형태를 상호비교하고자 하였다. 환자의 동의하에 충치, 치주염이 없이 교정발치된 치아의 치주인대세포를 배양하여 건강한 치주인대섬유모세포로, 만성치주염으로 발거된 치아에서 채취하여 배양한 세포를 염증성 치주인대섬유모세포로 선정하였다. 구강에서 채취한 치은결체조직에서 배양한 사람치은섬유모세포를 일차 배양한 후 계대배양을 통해 복제 노화를 유도하였다. $-198^{\circ}C$의 액화질소에 저장되어 있던 2, 4, 8, 15, 16세대 세포를 실험에 이용하였다. 위의 모든 세포들은 60 mm 배양접시에서 세포들이 80-90%의 밀생이 될 때까지 5% $CO_2$, $37^{\circ}C$, 100% 습도의 배양기에서 2일 간격으로 10% FBS가 함유된 DMEM 세포 배양액을 교체하면서 세포를 배양하였다. Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen, USA)를 이용하여 제조회사의 지시에 따라 total RNA를 추출하였다. 18S RNA와 28S RNA를 확인한 후 DNA microarray 분석을 실시하였다. 4배수 이상의 변화양상을 비교시 상호 유전자 발현의 차이를 나타내었다. 건강한 사람치은섬유모세포(2세대)와 노화된 치은섬유모세포에서 가장 높은 발현변화를 나타낸 반면 DMC1 dosage suppressor of mck1 homolog, meiosis-specific homologous recombination,은 건강한 치은섬유모세포에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 염증성 치은인대섬유모세포와 건강한 치주인대 섬유모세포를 비교시, Regucalcin은 염증성 치주인대섬유모세포에서 가장 높게 나타났고, Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1도 두 번째로 높게 나타났다. 건강한 치주인대섬유모 세포와 건강한 치은섬유모세포를 비교시, IL-11과 periostin이 치주인대섬유모세포에서 높은 발현을 나타낸 반면, Prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa과 Thioredoxin interacting protein은 치은섬유모세포에서 높은 발현을 나타내었다. 염증성 치주인대섬유모세포와 노화된 치은섬유모세포(15세대 이상)를 비교시 149개의 유전자가 유사한 발현 수준을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 노화, 염증, 세포 형태에 따라서 유전자 수준에서 가장 높거나 높은 수준 변화를 보이는 유전자가 다를 수 있음을 나타낸다. 향후, 치주염 환자들에서, 노염, 염증, 세포 특이성에 관한 유전자 표시지를 이용하여 진단하거나 치료에 응용하기 위해서는 더 많은 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.102-113
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• 1998

This experiment used chlorophyll fluorescence techniques to assess the effect of irradiant during leaf development on photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Panax ginseng. Seedlings of p. ginseng were grown in the 91asshouse at four shade levels. The maximum mid-day irradiant in each treatment between emergence (January 4) and completion of the experiment (February 25) was 1220, 485, 235, 125 $\mu$mol/$\textrm{m}^2$/s. To assess the rapidity of photosynthetic readaptation to changes in light levels, fluorescence parameters (Fo, F, Fm, Fm', AF/Fm;, Fv/Fm) were measured for three days before and after transfer of plants (on February 21) from each light treatment into each of the other light treatments. Before transfer, dark adapted values of Fv/Fm in the 1220 (0.699) and 485 (0.739) treatments were different from each other and lower than values in the 235 (0.764) and 125 (0.768) treatments, indicating mild photoinhibition. Patterns of change in F during the day also differed between treatments, with low light treatments tracking irradiant levels, but F in the high light treatment (1220) declined in the morning, presumably due to fluorescence quenching. Although plants grown at high irradiant had relatively low photosynthetic efficiency, relative electron transport rate was greater than in lower irradiant treatments. After transfer, plants adopted the daily pattern of change in F of the treatment to which they were moved with little change in absolute levels of F, except in plants transferred from the highest (1220) to the lowest light level (125), where F increased over the course of the three days following transfer. After plants were transferred, Fm' converged on values similar to those in plants raised in the treatments to which they were moved. Values of Fv/Fm in plants moved from low to high light declined dramatically, but there was no decline in plants from 485 moved to 1220. Values of Pv/Fm in plants that were moved from high light to lower light increased to values above those recorded in plants raised in the lower light treatments. Reductions in quantum efficiency caused by photoinhibition at high irradiant may be more than compensated for by higher electron transport rates, although evidence suggests that under high irradiant this tends to be balanced by reduced leaf area and earlier senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence techniques appear capable of indicating effects of irradiant induced stress in ginseng, yielding results comparable to those obtained with gas exchange techniques but in less time and with greater replication.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.128-138
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• 1985

This study was conducted to elucidate the shelf-life and quality changes in relation to biochemical components in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The shelf-life of leaf lettuce at room temperature was 2 to 3 days. But it was extended to 3 weeks by packaging in a 0.01 mm thick polyethylene film sack when stored at $3^{\circ}C$. The ascorbic acid contents of fresh leaf lettuce was 25 mg per 100 gram fresh weight. The acid at room temperature was almost destroyed after 4 days storage. But the contents of ascorbic acid at $3^{\circ}C$ maintained about 50 to 60% of the initial level in packaging of polyethylene film sack after 8 days storage. The content of chlorophyll was greatly decreased at room temperature but no significant changes were found at $3^{\circ}C$. The changes of total sugar and reducing sugar contents during storage were not very different between treatments. The contents of alkali soluble protein and free amino acid gradually increased in the treatments of polyethylene film sack packaging during storage in general, but the contents decreased after the increase in control treatment. Nucleic acid content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities were measured and discussed in relation to the leaf senescence.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2010

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential component for collagen biosynthesis and also for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system in humans. Unlike most of the animals, humans lack the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid on their own due to a mutation in the gene encoding the last enzyme of ascorbate biosynthesis. As a result, vitamin C must be obtained from dietary sources like plants. In this study, we have developed two different kinds of transgenic potato plants (Solanumtuberosum L. cv. Taedong Valley) overexpressing strawberry GalUR and mouse GLoase gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter with increased ascorbic acid levels. Integration of the these genes in the plant genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Ascorbic acid(AsA) levels in transgenic tubers were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The over-expression of these genes resulted in 2-4 folds increase in AsA intransgenic potato and the levels of AsA were positively correlated with increased geneactivity. The transgenic lines with enhanced vitamin C content showed enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by methyl viologen(MV), NaCl or mannitol as compared to untransformed control plants. The leaf disc senescence assay showed better tolerance in transgenic lines by retaining higher chlorophyll as compared to the untransformed control plants. Present study demonstrated that the over-expression of these gene enhanced the level of AsA in potato tubers and these transgenics performed better under different abiotic stresses as compared to untransformed control. We have also investigated the mechanism of the abiotic stress tolerance upon enhancing the level of the ascorbate in transgenic potato. The transgenic potato plants overexpressing GalUR gene with enhanced accumulation of ascorbate were investigated to analyze the antioxidants activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and their tolerance mechanism against different abiotic stresses under invitro conditions. Transformed potato tubers subjected to various abiotic stresses induced by methyl viologen, sodium chloride and zinc chloride showed significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase, enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX, EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase(GR, EC 1.8.1.7) as well as the levels of ascorbate, GSH and proline when compared to the untransformed tubers. The increased enzyme activities correlated with their mRNA transcript accumulation in the stressed transgenic tubers. Pronounced differences in redox status were also observed in stressed transgenic potato tubers that showed more tolerance to abiotic stresses when compared to untransformed tubers. From the present study, it is evident that improved to lerance against abiotic stresses in transgenic tubers is due to the increased activity of enzymes involved in the antioxidant system together with enhanced ascorbate accumulated in transformed tubers when compared to untransformed tubers. At moment we also investigating the role of enhanced reduced glutathione level for the maintenance of the methylglyoxal level as it is evident that methylglyoxal is a potent cytotoxic compound produced under the abiotic stress and the maintenance of the methylglyoxal level is important to survive the plant under stress conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.290-300
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence to physical health status, economic status, family support, social support and self-esteem which affects to solve depression, and give basic information for developing a program to prevent the aged people gloominess and a way to solve that gloominess. This surveying study was undertaken through personal interview way for 357 aged people who were in the elder's meeting hall, living in elderly welfare institude, or home near Gumi, Gimcheon, and Chilgok regions. For data analysis, SPSS/PC 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program for frequency analysis, First, In the reason of depression by general distinctive quality, there was a significant difference in sex'educational background'existance of a spouse of the condition of living-together, and personal health condition. Second, affecting factors to religious life were economic condition, family support, and self-esteem. Third, the most serious factor that enhanced depression was physical health. Fourth, It appeared as higher attendence of indivisuals about religion means decrease of the depression. When these result reviewed, to control the depression of aged people, it is necessary to develop and conduct a total program that can detect and manage depression early through measuring the physical health, family support, social support and self-esteem. Especially, participation of religious life is considered to ameliorate the depression of aged people and help them live a good senescence.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.669-675
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• 1989

Fresh mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) was irradiated (0, 1, 2, 3kGy) and kept for 20 days at 9{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;and\;80{\pm}7%$ RH. Parameters of qualities were investigated on the physical and physiological characteristics. The pileus and stipe on nonirradiated mushroom were expanded and elongated from the 3rd day of storage, there by losing the acceptability as edible samples. After 5 days of storage, 2 to 3kGy of gamma irradiation were especially effective for controllong natural maturation and senescence of fresh mushrooms and so irradiated mushrooms were acceptable more than 20days storage. The texture of irradiated samples was superior to that of nonirradiated samples, even though softening of the tissue occurred during storage. Weight loss was greatest in the nonirradiated sample due to evaporation from an increased surface area resulting from expansion and ripending, which were retarded in the 2 to 3kGy irradiated samples after 5days of storage. These results suggest that the irradiation dose of 2 to 3kGy is apparently effective to extend the shelf life of fresh mushrooms stored at the above-mentioned condition.