• 한국음향학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 반연속 HMM(semi-continuous Hidden Markov Model) 음성 인식 시스템에 적용되는 베이시안 화자 적응(Bayesian speaker adaptation)의 성능 향상을 위해 코드북 변환 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 기존 베이시안 화자 적응 알고리즘의 경우 새로운 화자의 특징 분포와 코드북 사전 밀도의 차이가 큰 경우 적응 데이터와 코드북간의 잘못된 대응 관계를 얻을 수 있으며, 기준(reference) 코드북에 필요 이상으로 많은 코드워드가 존재하는 경우 적응된 코드북에도 불필요한 코드워드들이 남아 인식 과정에 혼란을 줄 수 있다. 이 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 제안된 코드북 변환 알고리즘에서는 주파수 영역의 포만트 정보를 이용하였다. 화자 적응을 수행하기 앞서 코드북의 켑스트럼으로부터 포만트를 추출해 내고, 이들의 분포를 적응 화자의 포만트 분포와 일치되도록 변환시켜 주었다. 이 변환된 포만트들로부터 다시 켑스트럼을 구하여 변환된 코드북을 얻고, 이를 화자 적응의 초기 코드북으로 사용하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 이용하였을 경우 코드북과 적응 화자의 음성 간의 정확한 대응 관계를 찾을 수 있었고, 불필요한 코드워드들이 인식 과정에서 사용되지 않도록 변환되어 인식률이 향상되는 것을 실험을 통해 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제6권
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• pp.14-26
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• 1998

This paper deals with approximate analytical solutions for the two-region one-dimensional model describing the charging process of stratified thermal storage tanks at variable inlet temperature with momentum-induced mixing. An arbitrarily increasing inlet temperature is decomposed into inherent step changes and intervals of continuous change. Each continuous interval is approximated as a finite number of piecewise linear functions, which admits an analytical solution for perfectly mixed region. Using the Laplace transform, the temperature profiles in plug flow region with both the semi-infinite and adiabatic ends are successfully derived in terms of well-defined functions. The effect of end condition on the solution proves to be negligible under the practical operating conditions. For a Quadratic variation of inlet temperature, the approximate solution employing a moderate number of pieces agrees excellently with the exact solution.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1997년도 제5회 하계 Workshop (97 한,카 국제공동 Workshop, 고도 수처리를 위한 막분리 공정)
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• pp.93-104
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to develop a method to reduce arsenic concentrations in contaminated water. This work is also aimed at increasing the specificity of membrane separation processes. Arsenic in contaminated waters is often present in the form of negatively charged oxyanions. These are relatively small molecules which cannot be separated directly by ultrafiltration. Oxyanions can be captured by polyelectrolytes and separated by ultrafiltration. Results will be presented on the use of two polyelectrolytes; polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) at various feed concentrations. A semi-continuous process utilizing PEI in a circulation loop was tested. The restfits indicate that better than 99.6 % recovery (permeate concentration < 0.001 $\mu$g/L) can be achieved based on an initial arsenic concentration of 300 $\mu$g/L. The results indicate that this treatment method is suitable as a main treatment process for drinking water or a polishing step after arsenic precipitation.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.138-143
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• 1998

The continuous casting process has been adopted increasingly in recent years to save both energy and labor. It has experienced a rapid development in the production of semi-finished steel products, replacing the conventional route of ingot casting plus rolling. To achieve this good merit, however, more studies about a heat transfer mechanism between roll and slab are needed. So this paper shows the results of the deformation behavior of steel cast slabs, which are about the solidification and heat transfer. This study is used to prevent internal cracks of a slab in a bending and unbending zone. The value of moving strand shell bulging between two supporting rollers under ferrostatic pressure and slab-self weight has been computed in terms of creep and elastic-plasticity. The high strand distributions in solidified shell undergoes a series of bulging are calculated with boundary condition a very closed to continuous steel cast slabs productions.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1650-1660
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• 2000

Continuous casting process has been adopted increasingly in recent years to save both energy and labor. It has experienced a rapid development in the production of semi-finished steel products, rep lacing the conventional route of ingot casting and rolling. In order to achieve this merit, however, more studies about the mechanism between roll and slab are needed. In this paper, a dynamic bulging in steel cast slabs was simulated by considering the solidification and heat transfer. This study is to prevent internal cracks of a slab in a bending and unbending zone. The value of moving strand shell bulging between two supporting rollers under the ferrostatic pressure and slab-self weight has been calculated in terms of creep and elasto-plasticity. The strain and strain rate distributions in solidified shell undergoing a series of bulging are calculated with working boundary conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1990

생성물의 분리 및 효소의 회수를 위하여 수평흐름 한외여과장치를 부착한 기포탑에서 섬유소의 연속적인 효소 가수분해 반응을 연구하였다. 기포탑을 효소 가수분해 반응 공정에 이용할 경우 기체유속의 범위는 1-3cm / sec로 기포의 합체현상이 발생하지 않는 dispersed bubble flow 영역이 적합하며 혼합도 거의 완전하게 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 효소 회수장치에 한계분자량이 $10^4$인 여과막을 사용하였을 경우 효소의 활성이 저하되지 않은 채 대부분이 회수되었고 glucose 및 cellobiose의 배제율은 0이었다. 따라서 수평흐름 한외 여과장치는 효소의 연속회수장치로 작합하였으며 반응생성물이 연속적인 분리로 섬유소의 당화율을 증가시켰다. 화분식 반응의 경우 반응시간이 8시간이내에서 실험치는 성능식에 잘 부합되었으나 반연속식 및 연속식 반응의 경우에는 이론값과 차이가 있었다. 이는 반응기 내에서의 효소의 변성에 기인된다. 반연속식 및 연속식 반응의 경우 희석율을 증가시킴에 따라 전환율은 증가하나 반응액중의 환원당의 농도는 낮아진다. 따라서 적정한 기질 공급속도 및 희석율은 효소의 회수비용, 생성물의 농축비용 및 기질의 공급비용등의 경제적 요소를 고려하여 판단하여야 한다. 이상의 결과로부터 수평흐름 한외여과장치를 효소 회수장치로 기포탑에 응용할 경우, 효소의 재사용이 가능할 뿐 아니라 당화율을 증가시킴으로서 연속반응기로 효과적이라고 판단되었다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2008

Recently, industries and academic institutes have been interested in the rheology forming technology for light weight materials. However, this rheocasting process has advantages such as the high initial investment cost and the lower mechanical properties than thixocasting. In this study, the continuous fabrication of rheological material with a spiral stirring equipment(mechanical stirring system) was newly devised to overcome the disadvantages of rheocasting process. The experimental parameters were stirring time($0{\sim}1200sec$), stirring velocity ($0{\sim}100rpm$) and stirring temperature($650{\sim}680^{\circ}C$). The optimal conditions for fabricated rheological material of A6061 alloy were stirring time at 300sec, stirring velocity at 60rpm and stirring temperature at $650^{\circ}C$. At these results, the equivalent diameter was $45{\sim}65{\mu}m$, mean roundness was $1.4{\sim}1.6$ and Vickers hardness was 60Hv.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2002

As environmental restriction has continuously become more strict, machining technology has emphasized on development of environment-friendly technologies. In cutting technology, it has been well recognized that cutting fluids might have undesirable effects on workers health and working environment and, hence, recently there have been numerous attempts to minimize harmful effects of cutting fluids on environments. To minimize the use of cutting fluids in machining, conventional cutting fluids have been replaced with the technologies of pressurized cold air and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Compared with milling, turning is continuous cutting process, where tools are continuously heated up and lack of lubricity could lead to tool wear and deteriorated surface roughness. In this work, it has been investigated how tool wear and surface roughness could be affected by cutting conditions, supply and cooling methods. The experimental results show that MQL technology is able to minimize conventional cutting fluids.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2006

연구에서는 2007년 고시예정인 산지이용구분도를 정확하고 효율적으로 작성하기 위하여 GIS에 기반한 산지이용구분도 작성방법을 수립하였다. 산지이용구분도 작성절차는 임지추출 및 보완, 법정용도지역 구분, 기타 보전 및 준보전산지 구분, 지적기반 수치산지이용구분도 작성, 산지이용구분도(안) 편집 및 출력, 검수 및 보완 등 6단계로 구성하였다. 수립된 작성절차를 적용하여 경기도 화성시 지역을 대상으로 축척 1:25,000 14도엽 및 1:5,000 173도엽의 산지이용구분도와 산지이용구분대장을 작성하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2006

Drawing process of Al-1%Si bonding wire considering fine Si particle is analyzed in this study using FE-simulation. Al-1%Si boding wire requires electric conductivity because Al-1%Si bonding wire is used for interconnection in semiconductor device. About 1% of Si is added to Al wire for dispersion-strengthening. Distribution and shape of fine Si particle have strongly influence on the wire drawing process. In this study, therefore, the finite-element model based on the observation of wire by continuous casting is used to analyze the effect of various parameters, such as the reduction in area, the semi-die angle, the aspect ratio, the inter-particle spacing and orientation angle of the fine Si particle on wire drawing processes. The effect of each parameter on the wire drawing process is investigated from the aspect of ductility and defects of wire. From the results of the analysis, it is possible to obtain the important basic data which can be guaranteed in the fracture prevention of Al-1 %Si wire.