• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.8-18
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• 2012

1. Objectives : This study aimed to assessing the reliability of questionnaire for Japanese as one of method to diagnose Sasang Constitution and evaluating the possibility of applying domestic questionnaire to foreign site. 2. Methods : A cross-sectional survey approved by IRB (Independent Review Board) at Tohoku University was performed for 119 participants with informed consent at a particular city in Japan using self-reported questionnaires developed by KIOM (Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine). Among the entire samples, 112 were retested. The test-retest reliability was assessed by Kappa for normal variables and internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. 3. Results : Four of 77 questions are impossible to calculate consistency owing to unsymmetric matrix between primary reply and secondary one. Seventeen of them (22%) showed 0.4 or below in Kappa, 56 were ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 and no question marked 0.8 or over. Internal consistency was possibly checked for several questions about character, digestion, sweat, excrement, urine, cold-heat pattern. Cronbach's alpha for questions except urine and cold-heat pattern was over 0.6 4. Conclusions : On the basis of Kappa value by two self reported questionnaire, 72.7% of questions showed 0.4 or over so that reliability were highly secured. And other questions except for urine and heat-cold pattern marked 0.6 or over in order that internal consistency was also successfully maintained. Accordingly, when subsequently applying KIOM questionnaire to foreign site, domestic questionnaire should be properly adjusted in social and cultural background, lifestyle, etc.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influencing factors on oral health related self-efficacy and social support in high school students. Methods: The subjects were 750 high school students in Jeonbuk by convenience sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was completed from April 3 to June 4, 2013. Except incomplete answers, 589 data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for t-test, ANOVA, post hoc Scheffe test, and multiple regression analysis. The questionnaire consisted 6 questions of general characteristics of the subjects, 8 questions of oral health related self-efficacy, and 8 questions of oral health related social support. The instrument for self-efficacy was developed by Sherer and Maddux and measured by Likert 4 scale. Interpersonal Support Evaluation List(ISEL) was developed by Cohen and Hoberman and revised by Suh as oral health related social support in high school students, and measured by Liker 4 scale. Cronbach's alpha in self-efficacy was 0.768 and that in social support was 0.772. Results: The good oral health behavior in the high school students was closely related ro self-efficacy and social support. Higher self-efficacy and social support could make the students practice good oral behavior. Conclusions: Higher self-efficacy and social support can influence on the good oral health behavior in high school students. So it is very important to provide the continuous oral health education that can enhance self-efficacy and health promotion.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.831-838
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the perception and practice of the infection control by empowerment in the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 200 dental hygienists in Gyeongbuk from January 3 to February 20, 2013. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program. The instrument of impowerment was adapted from Spreitzer and consisted of 12 questions including meaning(4 questions), competency(4 questions), self-decision(4 questions), and impact(4 questions). Impowerment was score by Likert 5 scale and higher score means higher impowerment. The instrument for hand washing recognition and practice was adapted from Kim and consisted of hand washing(5 questions), personal protective clothing management(5 questions), contaminated appliance management(3 questions), sterilization(3 questions), and infection control environment(8 questions). The empowerment instrument was score by Likert 5 scale and the mean was 3.83 points. Based on 3.83, infection control recognition and practice were divided into upper group and lower group. Cronbach alpha was 0.951 in empowerment, 0.931 in recognition, and 0.924 in practice in the study. Results: Based on the average points of 3.83, the groups were divided into two groups including upper group and lower group. The upper group showed higher score in hand washing than the lower group. In the protective clothing management, the upper group changed the mask at one-hour interval(p<0.001). Conclusions: In the viewpoint of empowerment, it had a significant influence on the perception and practice of the dental infection control in the dental hygienists.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.303-310
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cooperative learning on the learning attitude and self-directed learning capability of learners. Methods: The subjects were 50 sophomores enrolled in cooperative learning for 12-week period from March to June, 2014. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by the subjects. The instruments were 16 questions of learning attitude, 32 questions of self-directed learning, academic achievement, and 12 questions of satisfaction with instruction by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 in the previous study and 0.78 in this study. Self-directed learning was modified by Yoo and Cheong. Cronbach's alpha of self-directed learning was 0.86 in this study. Academic achievement was assessed by before and after the cooperative learning class. Cronbach's alpha was 0.95 in this study. Their learning attitude and self-directed learning capability were evaluated before and after the cooperative learning, and their satisfaction with the instruction and academic achievement were assessed by the written examination. Results: The score of learning attitude increased from 2.89 in the pretest to 3.38 in the posttest. The self-directed learning of the students increased from 2.98 in the pretest to 3.48 in the posttest. The academic achievement of students also increased from 82.0 in the pretest to 85.2 in the posttest. The satisfaction with instruction was 4.24 of Likert 5 scale. There were significant differences in satisfaction with instruction, cooperative learning and academic achievement. Conclusions: It is important to develop the cooperative learning program linked to self-directed learning for the dental hygiene students continuously. This study will provide the basic data and information for the development of new teaching methods for the dental hygiene.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of values on major satisfaction in dental hygiene students. Methods: The subjects were 214 dental hygiene students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do who filled out the self-reported questionnaire after receiving informed consents from January 20 to February 15, 2014. Except incomplete answers, 187 data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18.0 for Scheffe post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficient, hierarchical regression analysis, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and values. General characteristics consisted of gender, age, grade, school record, major choice motivation, and the influencing person to choose the major. The instrument for values was modified from Shin based on MILOV(Multi-Item Measures Of Values) and two professors of dental hygiene verified the validity of the instrument. Instrument for values consisted of 7 questions of values for self-respect, 6 questions of relation oriented values, 5 questions of emotion oriented values, and 5 questions of values for others measured by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.769 in the study. The instrument for major satisfaction was modified from Na based on Program Evaluation Survey of Illinois University and two professors of dental hygiene verified the validity of the instrument. Major satisfaction consisted of 7 questions of general satisfaction, 5 questions of consciousness satisfaction, 5 questions of curriculum satisfaction and 3 questions of relation satisfaction measured by Likert 5 scale and Cronbach's alpha was 0.887 in the study. Results: Values of self-respect, relationship orientation and grade had significant influence on general satisfaction, while values of self-respect, relationship orientation and gender had significant influence on consciousness satisfaction. Values of relationship orientation, grade and school record had significant influence on curriculum satisfaction. Grade showed significant influence on relationship satisfaction. Conclusions: Values of self-respect and relationship orientation are the most important factors in dental hygiene students. The guidance for professional career and major satisfaction can be accomplished through the values of self-respect and relationship orientation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.831-839
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the influencing factors of turnover intention in the clinical dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 415 dental hygienists in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Kyongsang province from October 1 to December 31, 2014. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 19.0 with a significance level of 0.05. The study instruments included 9 questions of the general characteristics of the subjects, 7 questions of job related characteristics, 16 questions of job stress, 20 questions of job satisfaction, 10 questions of burnout, 15 questions of organizational commitment, 10 questions of happiness index, and 10 questions of turnover intention measured by Likert 5 point scale. Results: Turnover intention was significantly related with job stress, burnout, and organizational commitment. Conclusions: In order to reduce the turnover intention in the hospital workers, it is very important to manage the human resources through continuous development of the competence and performance activation program.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.295-310
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• 2000

The relationship between symptoms of temoromandibular joint dysfunction(TMJD) and stomatognathic habit was studied in 500 adolescents(mean age 22.45). The severity of TMJD was determined by using a self-reported anamnestic questionnaire composed of 10 questions regarding common TMJD. The index of oromandibular habit was determined by using a self-reported anamnestic questionnaire composed of 17 questions. There was a positive correlation(p<0.01) between the index of TMJD and index of stomatognathic habit. The most frequent symptoms were clicking sounds from the TMJ(37.4%) and a feeling of pain in the jaws(33.3%). The most frequent stomatognathic habit were a chin support(69.8%) and one side chewing(68.0%).

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2008

The Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) is the most commonly used frameworks for investigating the relationship between self-reported driving behavior and accident involvement. After Reason et al. introduced DBQ, there were many studies replicating the research of Reason et al. in many countries. There was, however, no study replication of the Reason's research in Korea. The aim of this study is to replicate the distinction among errors, lapses and violations, and to evaluate the relationship of these behaviors with road traffic accidents on Korean drivers. 223 Korean drivers completed the Korean version of original DBQ with questions regarding background information, such as age, gender, annual mileage and accident involvement. Participants answered self-assessment questions, also. Factor analysis revealed three factors like Reason et al. The three factors were dangerous errors, violations and relatively harmless errors.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.849-856
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of social characteristics and self leadership on stress coping method in the dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 436 dental hygiene students in J area from November 10 to December 10, 2013. The questionnaire consisted ofsocial characteristics of the subjects, self leadership, and stress coping method. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach alpha. Data were analyzed by frequency, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 12.0 statistical package program. The self leadership was developed by Mans and adapted and modified by Kim and Park. The leadership included 18 questions of self expectation, rehearsal, goal setting, self reward, self criticism, and constructive area. The stress coping method was developed by Folkman and Lazarus, and adapted and modified by Park. The stress coping method included 24 questions of problem focused coping, seeking social support, emotion focused coping, and wishful thinking. Results: The best stress coping method was wishful thinking and the score was 2.81. The priority order of stress coping method included social support, problem focused coping, and emotion focused coping. The self-expectation, goal setting, self-criticism proved to be highly relevant factors. The explanation power of stress coping method was 29.1 percent. The self expectation, rehearsal, self reward, and self criticism were passive coping methods and the explanation power was 15.4 percent. Conclusions: The self leadership is the most important factor to fulfill the interpersonal relationship abilities, major satisfaction, and satisfaction with clinical practice. The self leadership leads to stress coping ability.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.813-820
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between professional vocation and ethical inclination in clinical dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 221 clinical dental hygienist in Busan and Kyeongnam from April 1 to 30, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of structured questions including demographic characteristics(9 questions), vocational calling(9 questions), deontology(12 questions), asceticism(13 questions), and utilitarianism(8 questions). Questionnaire was carried out by Likert scale. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS Window 19.0 for frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Results: There was a significantly positive correlation between professional vocation and ethical inclination. The deontology was associated with education, dental service career, duty hours, and number of clients in multivariate analysis after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and professional vocation. Asceticism was also correlated with education, and utilitarianism was closely associated with vocational calling, work place, number of clients, and monthly income. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop the curricula including vocational calling and ethical inclination in the dental hygiene education. The dental hygienists should learn the ethical and vocational calling as a professional career.