• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional labor and self-efficacy on psychosocial stress of nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional correlation study design was used. The participants were 186 nurses from two general hospitals in Jeju Island, South Korea. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data including data on emotional labor, self-efficacy, and psychosocial stress. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Approximately 98% of the participants were categorized as having potential and high risk stress levels. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that employment status, surface-acting, and self-efficacy explained 37.0% of psychosocial stress and self-efficacy was the main factor influencing psychosocial stress. Conclusion: Nursing administrators should understand that nurses suffer from high risk stress and emotional labor. To reduce the psychosocial stress of nurses, there is needed to improve stressful work conditions such as irregular employment, decrease surface-acting, and improve self-efficacy.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 2007

This study was conducted to research into the recognition level of employment and overseas employment on 173 students majoring in dental technology at two colleges in Daegu metropolitan city and Jeju self-governing island through questionnaires which are recorded individually. The results are as follows. 1. About 31.8% students chose dental technician department taking their aptitude into consideration when they entered college. 52% students gained information about dental technology through internet, and 57.3% students among them, which was the highest level, were under age 20. 2. 48.6% students responded that they thought the level of satisfaction with major was average and there was a difference according to their ages among the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their major and the previous knowledge of major they had gained before entering college. 75.1% students said they wouldn't transfer to other major even if they were given the chance, which was much higher than the opposite case. And only 2.3% students had dissatisfaction at their major, which means students majoring dental technology evaluate their major positively. 3. Most students(58.4%) wanted to get a job for living cost and 53.2% students took advice from their seniors or elderly people in choosing their jobs. 64.7% students answered they should have professional skills to get a good job, which was different according to their ages. In addition, 51.4% students of dental technology department regarded the opportunities to exert their abilities as the most important element in choosing their jobs. That means students value self-decision and selfrealization when they choose their jobs. 4. The majority of students(32.9%) preferred to work at the dental laboratory in dental college hospital as their workplace. Moreover, seniors over age 21 wanted to work in the field of porcelain and juniors under age 20 preferred to work in the implant part concerning the field which students wants to work. 5. About 91.3% students have ever heard about overseas employment and wanted to work abroad if given the opportunities(77.5%). This points out students have much interest in overseas employment and positive attitude. And there was a difference according to age and grade in case of the preferred country when they work abroad 6. The main barrier to overseas employment was a lack of communication ability(63.0%), therefore, students thought foreign language education should be activated to improve overseas employment(26.0%). To show this more specifically, juniors thought foreign language education and internship are most important factors(both are 21.4% alike), while seniors thought foreign language education is essential(24.6%) as a way to improve overseas employment. Students also thought that participation in language study club helps to prepare for overseas employment(69.4%). When putting all these survey results together, it's very important to develop people in advance who have job ability and language ability necessary for overseas employment as well as to improve job awareness in the field of dental technology. Consequently, it's needed to seek for various ways to get a overseas job through foreign language education and overseas internship.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-182
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• 2002

The self-employment can provide work time flexibility. Work time flexibility would be a critical factor for married females' labor supply considering allocation of their time to market work and household work. This study used the 1998 and 2000 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey for the empirical analyses. Applying the bivariate probit model with partial observability, this study analyzed factors related to the choice of participation in labor market and choice of self-employment. Also, this study examined the effects of marriage and the presence of younger children on changes in decisions related to labor supply using the multinomial logit model: exit from the labor market, increasing and decreasing work hours. The presence of the younger children showed a significantly negative effect on the participation in labor market while positive, but insignificant, effect on self-employment. Compared with females working for others, self-employers without employees and unpaid family workers are less likely to exit labor market rather than increasing work hours. The self-employment would be a good alternative to evade females' career interruption and therefore to enhance the potential human resources.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate individuals' mental health on the basis of scores for depression and self-esteem from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KWPS) and determine their dynamic association with employment status. This study was conducted using the eighth (2013) and ninth (2014) data from the KWPS. To identify factors affecting depression, socio-demographic factors, factors related to mental health, and contents related to employment, such as changes in the employment condition and employment status, were selected and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchial multiple regression to determine the explanatory power. Multiple regression revealed that in Model 1, those who were female, were older, had no spouse, were in the lower income bracket, had lower total self-esteem, and scored higher for depression in the previous period tended to show higher levels of depression. Education had no significant effect and explanatory power for all variables inputted into this model was estimated to be 30.8% (p<0.001). The explanatory power for all variables input into Model 2, which was generated by inputting employment status into Model 1, was estimated to be 30.9%, which was 0.1% higher than for Model 1 (p<0.05). These results indicated that depression was significantly correlated with gender, age, income, presence of a spouse, previous depression, self-esteem, and employment status; accordingly, investigation of the factors that can narrow the gap among variables affecting depression should be conducted and socially supported.

• Korean small business review
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.75-94
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• 2018

This study captures the possibility that entrepreneurs can become an employee in a traditional organization (a company). Acknowledging that the career change from self-employment to salary-employment is not a trivial decision, we investigate how this career path can be made. As an exploratory approach, we take a social psychological perspective; in particular, we posit that entrepreneurial costs can affect the "getting-back" career decision. Given that career changes can be considered as a boundedly-rational choice, we claim that when the entrepreneurs are perceived as being stigmatized, these transaction-related costs will further engage in the "getting-back" career decision. To test these ideas, we sample 254 respondents from the database of Korea Education & Employment Panel (KEEP) and estimate the hazard ratio that an entrepreneur, who used to be an employee, becomes an employee with respect to entrepreneurial costs. With the results, we discuss how career changes (especially getting back to salary-employment) can be made through social evaluations of the entrepreneurs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.463-468
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• 2021

This paper verified the relationship between the emotional labor and the job satisfaction of workers in senior employment agencies. And this paper verified the mediating effect of self-efficacy between the both variables. We conducted a survey of 261 employees of the 21 agencies in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. According to the analysis : 1) employees' emotional labor influenced job satisfaction negatively. 2) the self-efficacy mediated between emotional labor and job satisfaction. As a result, we need to establish a management system for emotional labor, to carry out a crisis intervention of prompt therapy, and to provide education to cope with emotional labor for decreasing the emotional labor. It is important to lower the proportion of irregular workers, to improve the level of treatment, and cultivate self-leadership for promoting self-efficacy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-23
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• 2023

Purpose : The stress of job-seeking college students is gradually worsening due to the continuing recession in the job market. Therefore, this study aims to verify whether intervention with an 'aromatherapy education program,' which combines theory and practice, has greater effect on stress, self-efficacy, and autonomic nervous system function than simple inhalation of essential oils in female college students preparing for employment. Methods : A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted once a week for a total of 4 weeks with 29 female college students preparing for employment. Interventions included essential oil inhalation combined with an aromatherapy education program (experimental group(EG), n=14) and essential oil inhalation alone (control group(CG), n=15); measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 2 weeks after completion of the intervention. Evaluations were conducted using the job-seeking stress scale, stress VAS, self-efficacy scale, and a pulse-wave measuring instrument. Results : There were significant differences between the CG and EG groups with repeated measurements of job-seeking stress (p=.003), cognitive stress (p<.001), and self-efficacy (p<.001). There was a significant interaction between group and time. There were also significant differences between the CG and EG in terms of autonomic nervous system changes stress index(p=.047), total power(p=.029), high frequency(p=.036), and low frequency/high frequency ratio(p=.049). However, there was no significant difference in low frequency between the groups. Conclusion : The aromatherapy education program was more effective in improving job-seeking stress, cognitive stress, self-efficacy, and autonomic nervous system function than simple essential oil inhalation. For the aromatherapy education program to be useful as a complementary intervention for stress management in job seekers, it will be necessary to gather additional evidence of its efficacy by conducting follow-up studies with diverse participants and expanding the numbers, and durations, of the interventions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.541-549
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the predictors of employment intention for mentally disabled persons. Methods: Mentally disabled persons who had participated in rehabilitation programs in one of 16 mental health centers and 9 community rehabilitation centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi province were recruited for this study. A random sampling method was used and 414 respondents were used for final analysis. Data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Win 14.0. Results: The predictors influencing employment intention of the mentally disabled person were observed as employment desire (${\beta}=.48$), guardian's expectation (${\beta}=.26$), professional's support (${\beta}=.23$), financial management (${\beta}=.10$), eating habits (${\beta}=.07$), and quality of life (${\beta}=-.01$). Six factors explained 61.1% of employment intention of mentally disabled persons. Conclusion: The employment intention of a mentally disabled person was influenced by employment desire, diet self-efficacy, guardian's expectation, professional's support, quality of life, financial management and eating habits.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.853-864
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of employment preparation behavior on motive to select dental hygiene as their major, and their work value among dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 444 dental hygiene students in South Korea from November 1 to 30, 2016. To analyze the data, the study used independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and regression analysis among others. Results: There were employment preparation behavior (2.9), major selection motive (3.1), and their work value (3.8) in subject. The higher student's grade is, the better prepared he or she for employment (p<0.001). Inner work value (p<0.01) and outer work value (p<0.05) were higher among females than males. Employment preparation behavior had significant positive effect on personal, social motive to select dental hygiene as their major, and their inner work value. Conclusions: Positive motivation to employment preparation behavior leads to major motive to select major, and their work value. It is necessary to consider study of diversified manners that can be fulfilled for employment preparation behavior.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.278-289
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• 2013

Up-to-date market dynamics and intense competition have forced a production system to be more widely distributed and decentralized than ever, and the production system itself can be regarded as a collaborative network of autonomous production resources in which the responsibility of decision making is also decentralized into individual autonomous entities. The conventional resource management models, however, are not suitable for the distributed and decentralized environment because of their centralized nature. In this paper, an agent-based resource management model is proposed. The proposed model applies employment relation-driven fractal organization (FrOrg) into organizational model for distributed production resources and presents a resource management framework based on employment contracts. The fractal organization is a structured association in which a self-similar pattern recursively appears, and employment relations between production resources are recursively constructed throughout the entire production system.