• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.913-924
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between self-concept, clothing attitude and clothing buying behavior. The subjects used for the study were 300 male and female college students. The results of the study were as follows. The self-concept of subjects were identified four types(self-confident, positive to self, self-convinced and pessimistic). Self-confident type had the highest scores on self-concept and pessimistic type was the opposite. The clothing attitude was classified into 5 types(rational coordinative, clothing concerned, frugal, clothing showy and others conscious). Rational coordinative type and clothing concerned type were regarded more importantly than other types. The clothing buying behavior was emerged 5 types(economical, diffident, pleasure-seeking, impulsive and name-brand preferred). An economical efficiency was the most important factor in clothing buying behavior. The results of correlation between self-concept and clothing attitude showed that person who has more positive self-concept tends to have more interest and satisfaction toward clothing as well as tendency of showing off and rational coordination. The correlation between clothing attitude and clothing buying behavior showed that person who is more conscious to others tends to have more preference for name-brand products.

• The Korean journal of sports medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of body mass index (BMI) to smart phone proficiency in men and women over the age of 60. Methods: Patients were divided into three groups with high (n=33), average (n=34), and low (n=33) smart phone proficiency. Fitness characteristics related to smart phone usage were evaluated by measuring cardiorespiratory endurance, grip strength, eye-hand coordination. As well, smart phone proficiency was evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire and a smart phone usability task that was composed of two categories: usage of the smartphone device itself and usage of phone applications. The differences in BMI of the subjects was analyzed by analysis of covariance adjusting for independent variables including age, smartphone usage period, eye-hand coordination, education and income. Results: There was a significant difference in BMI among the three groups after adjustment of age, eye-hand coordination, smartphone usage period, education and income. The results showed that the self-reported questionnaire showed a significant difference in BMI between high proficiency and low proficiency groups (high $24.88{\pm}2.46$, low $23.37{\pm}2.56$; p=0.037). Smart phone usability test results also showed a significant difference in BMI among the three groups (high $25.18{\pm}2.58$, low $23.15{\pm}2.6$; p=0.000 and high $25.18{\pm}2.58$, middle $23.57.7{\pm}1.69$; p=0.010). Conclusion: Our results suggest that high smart phone proficiency shows increased BMI in the elderly. This study suggests that people over the age of 60 who have high smartphone proficiency should be cautious of an increased BMI score.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2005

From a social psychological perspective, Make-up is an tool for run a lot smoother and perform communication efficiently. Many people give a turn to hair color through dyeing form due to yearning to change individual image through the image which the color is having. This paper study how make-up behavior, hair color and self-consciousness will affect the Level of Expected social-psychological effect of College Girl Students. In the sense of make-up behavior, according to result, a group of make-up behavior of self-satisfaction-oriented the level of expected social-psychological effect higher than a group of make-up behavior of tradition-oriented. Hair colors doesn't seem to be having much effect on the level of expected social- psychological effect, but have been shown to influence make-up behavior and self-consciousness. On the self-consciousness, a group of high self-consciousness the level of expected social-psychological effect higher than a group of low or fair self-consciousness. They doesn't have much effect passive expected effect as 'complement of self insufficiency' or 'a person consciousness' But they are affect active expected effect as 'the pleasure of change' and 'positive ascent'.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of trunk stabilization training on the self posture control efficacy, physical self-description and perception stress in high school students. Methods: 92 voluntary students (73 females, 19 males) participated in this study. They received trunk stabilization training for 40 minutes per day and a time per week during 6 weeks period. Trunk stabilization training was an approach of education in proper posture and coordination of movement. In the evaluation, the self posture control efficacy scale (SPCES) was used to measure the posture control efficacy, the physical self-description questionnaire (PSDQ) was used to measure the physical self description and the perception stress scale (PSS) was used to measure the stress. All measurement of each subject were measured before and after stabilization training. Results: The SPCES were significantly different before and after (p<.05). The PSDQ and PSS were no significantly different before and after (p>.05) but the means were increased slightly. Conclusion: Conclusionally these results suggest that the trunk stabilization training increased the self posture control efficacy and would give help to control Students themselves.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.10
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• pp.1412-1419
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose the protection coordination algorithm using communication methode based on IEC 61850. The communication protocol in power distribution management system has been issued by IEC standard, IEC61850 of them, which was made for substation automation system, has researched to apply into power distribution system, even though the standard is not a suitable for the system. In smart distribution management system' launched in 2009, the communication network based on the ethernet network for IEC 61850 has been designed to apply the self-healing concept, which is to perform the system protection through the communication between remote terminal units(RTU) according to the standard. However, it is first time to apply the scheme in the real. Thus, this paper proposed the protection algorithm and consideration for applying communication method and introduced the result of demonstration.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factor of fashion behavior and to identify fashion behavior differences according to demorgraphic/physical characteristics and parents' background of male college student in Dalian, China. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 250 male college students living in Dalian, China in June 2007. Data analysis method were used to Crombach's a, reliabilty, factor analysis, frequency analysis, ANOVA, and Sheffe's test for the post hoctest. The results of this study were as follows: Fashion behavior factors were analyzed into 6 factors such as fashion satisfaction oriented, high price oriented, fashion leader oriented, practical fashion oriented, others defendence oriented. There were significant difference in demographic variables such as age, major and physical variables such as height, weight, clothing size and parents' background such as education, job, and income.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

When a channel is vertically separated, there can be inefficiencies, double marginalization. Channel coordination to amend this inefficiency has been an important issue in marketing and economics. Channel coordination deals with maximization of joint profit and achieving proper profit sharing among participants. In this paper, a manufacturer and heterogeneous multiple retailers with exclusive territory are assumed, and channel coordination with two-part tariff is considered. When multiple heterogeneous retailers are assumed, profit sharing can be an issue even though the tariffs based on marginal cost can maximize joint profit. In case of multiple heterogeneous retailers, the manufacturer earns the same profit (fixed fee) from each retailer. This means that a large retailer occupies all the gaps of channel profit between small and large markets. Then, the manufacturer, which generally plays the role of Stackelberg leader, will consider increasing fixed price or marginal price to earn more profit from large retailer. Those reactions can sacrifice maximization of joint profit by making small retailer withdraw or by changing the sales quantities. In this paper, to maximize joint profit and achieve proper profit sharing, two kinds of optional tariffs are considered. The first is an optional two-part tariff based on marginal cost and the second is an optional modified two-part tariff in which marginal prices are higher than the manufacturer's marginal cost. In both types of optional tariffs, maximization of joint profit in each market can be achieved. Moreover, optional tariffs alleviate the problem of profit sharing. Optional tariffs can provide a manufacturer more profit from a large retailer when profit from a small retailer is given. However, the analysis shows that the maximum share of manufacturer from a large retailer is restricted by the condition for self-selection. In case of optional two-part tariffs based on marginal cost, if the gap between demands is large, the maximum share of the manufacturer is sufficient to achieve proper profit sharing. If the gap between demands is not sufficiently large, the manufacturer cannot earn sufficient share from increased profit. An optional modified two-part tariff where marginal price is more than marginal cost of manufacturer is considered because of this scenario. The marginal price above the marginal cost may additionally control the distribution of the increased profit. However, the analysis shows that a manufacturer's maximum profit from a large retailer with given profit from a small retailer is the same as or lower than the maximum profit when optional two-part tariffs based on marginal cost are applied. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optional modified tariffs do not have additional contribution to profit sharing relative to the tariffs based on marginal cost. Although this paper does not cover all kinds of optional tariffs that are different from tariffs based on marginal cost, it shows the advantage of optional tariffs based on marginal cost and has important theoretical implications. The result of this paper also gives guide for channel coordination. Optional two-part tariff based on marginal cost can increase efficiency in channel coordination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.94-110
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to delve into the identity of the swag style which has diversified into various forms by exploring the phenomenon, formative characteristics and the internal values of the swag style in modern fashioin. This study discusses the concept and the socio-cultural meanings of swag from the perspective of Jean Baudrillard's hyper-reality, and a form of existence. The classifies the swag fashion styles into parody, hip hop and collage-type mix-and-match. Expressive characteristics of the swag look in modern fashion are as follows. First, the swag look utilizes the parody technique. In the mid-2000s, the look parodied brand logos as a form of self-mocking and active self-derision toward cheap imitations. Second, the swag look borrows from the expressive factors of the hip-hop style. Born as a sub-culture based on music, hip-hop has become a way of life, as its nature became multi-cultural and trans-cultural while its fashion style gained popularity globally after the 1980s. Third, the swag look barrows from the pop-type collage form as it mixes-and-matches costume items based on the expressive characteristics of hip hop, and this can be seen through items being used in new, non-formative and free styles. Comic aesthetics is revealed in parodied expression, hip-hop factors and collage-style mix-and-match. Swag as a hyper-reality manifests itself in various natures: humorous nature, negative nature and deconstructive nature through reflection and re-enactment of reality, transmutation and distortion of reality, and absence of reality respectively. However, it does not have a binding nature, which is the norm for subcultures. This characteristic, in combination with it having internal lightness, strong meaning of communication, and a sharing of self-contentment, distinguishes itself from the general meanings of existing parody fashion, hip-hop fashion and collage fashion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.934-937
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• 2003

In this paper, authors use a stereo vision system based on the visual model of human and establish inexpensive method that recognizes moving distance using characteristic points around the robot. With the stereovision. the changes of the coordinate values of the characteristic points that are fixed around the robot are measured. Self-displacement and self-localization recognition system is proposed from coordination reconstruction with those changes. To evaluate the proposed system, several characteristic points that is made with a LED around the robot and two cheap USB PC cameras are used. The mobile robot measures the coordinate value of each characteristic point at its initial position. After moving, the robot measures the coordinate values of the characteristic points those are set at the initial position. The mobile robot compares the changes of these several coordinate values and converts transformation matrix from these coordinate changes. As a matrix of the amount and the direction of moving displacement of the mobile robot, the obtained transformation matrix represents self-displacement and self-localization by the environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.93-110
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• 2001

The present study attempted to compare the behavioral patterns and attitudes of American and Korean female students toward apparel ads in magazines in relation to their physical self-concept. The study used a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 730 female students majoring in the fields related to clothing and textiles : 310 American students at six colleges and universities located in the west, northeast and southwest parts of the U.S., and 412 Korean students at four Seoul-based universities. Likert scales were used for most measures with 1=never or very unimportant and 5 =always or very important. Physical self-concept was measured on the basis of W. S. Jung's Standardized Self-concept Test and Tennessee Self-concept Scale. Surreys were back translated for validity. Percentage, t-test, Contingency Tables and Chi-square were used for the analysis of the data. Results are as follows : (1) Korean students read more magazines than U.S. students, however, Vogue was the most popular for both groups. (2) Those with a high sense of Physical self-concept read more magazines. for both countries. (3) American students'attitudes toward apparel ads in magazines were similar, regardless of whether their sense of physical self-concept was high or low. For Koreans, those with higher sense of physical self-concept showed greater interest in magazine ads, consulted magazines for fashion trends, found ads more useful, and more often expressed satisfaction with the ads, than the lower self-concept group. (4) Korean students cited a lack of information in ads while American students felt body types of models were unrealistic. Both Koreans and Americans in the higher self-concept group expressed a greater level of dissatisfaction with apparel ads in magazines. (5) Advertisers should attempt to again a deeper understanding of the socio-psychological characteristics of their readership as self-concept appears to be related to several magazine readership attitudes and behaviors. Magazines targeting Americans might consider the importance of coordination and merchandising. Apparel ads targeting Korean should consider the importance of company ads.