• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2013

The use of sustainable technologies such as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and/or recycled materials is expected to positively affect the performance of concrete mixtures. However, it is imperative to qualify and implement such mixtures in practice, if the required specifications of their intended application are met. This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) containing sustainable technologies. Twelve mixes were prepared with different combinations of fly ash, slag, and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). Fresh and hardened concrete properties were measured, as expected the inclusion of the sustainable technologies affected both fresh and hardened concrete properties. Analysis of the experimental data indicated that inclusion of RAP not only reduces the ultimate strength, but it also affected the compressive strength development rate. The addition of RAP to mixes showed a consistent effect, with a drop in strength after 3, 14, and 28 days as the RAP content increased from 0 to 50 %. However, most of the mixes satisfied SCC fresh properties requirements, including mixes with up to 50 % RAP. Moreover, several mixes satisfied compressive strength requirement for pavements and bridges, those mixes included relatively high percentages of SCMs and RAP.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2014

In recent years, the emergence of nanotechnology and nanomaterial has created hopes to improve various properties of concrete. Nano silica as one of these materials has been introduced as a cement replacement material for concrete mixture in construction applications. It can modify the properties of concrete, due to high pozzolanic reactions and also making a denser microstructure. On the other hand, it is well recognized that the use of mineral admixtures such as silica fume affects the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious materials. In addition, the superior performance of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) and self-consolidating mortars (SCM) over conventional concrete is generally related to their ingredients. This study investigates the effect of nano silica and silica fume on the compressive strength and chloride permeability of self-consolidating mortars. Tests include compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability test, water permeability, capillary water absorption, and surface electrical resistance, which carried out on twenty mortar mixtures containing zero to 6 percent of nano silica and silica fume. Results show that SCMs incorporating nano silica had higher compressive strength at various ages. In addition, results show that nano silica has enhanced the durability SCMs and reduced the chloride permeability.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.573-576
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• 2008

최근 구조물의 보수 보강 및 해체시 발생하는 건설폐기물이 많은 문제점을 갖고 있다는 건 국내 외적으로 잘 알려진 기정사실이다. 본 연구에서는 건설폐기물, 특히 건설폐기물 중에서도 폐콘크리트에서 발생하는 재생잔골재의 품질을 확보하여, 고부가가치재(천연골재 대체재) 및 구조용 재료로써 사용 가능한지를 검토 하였다. 또한, 근래에는 콘크리트 구조물의 구조적 성능을 개선시키기 위해 철근을 과밀 배근하게 함으로써 거푸집내의 채움 정도를 확보하기 위한 고성능 콘크리트의 필요성이 대두되기 시작하였는데 즉, 별도의 다짐 없이 과밀 배근된 거푸집 구석까지 쉽게 채울 수 있는 자기충전 콘크리트(Self-Consolidating Concrete)의 특성을 활용하여 재생잔골재의 혼합범위에 따른 물리적 및역학적 거동 특성을 함께 검토하였으며, 실험 결과 적당한 범위 내에서 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었고,이를 실제 구조물에 적용 하기위한 내구 특성에 대한 연구가 필요하게 되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.573-597
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• 2008

Among artificial intelligence-based computational techniques, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) are particularly suitable for modelling complex systems with known input-output data sets. Such systems can be efficient in modelling non-linear, complex and ambiguous behaviour of cement-based materials undergoing single, dual or multiple damage factors of different forms (chemical, physical and structural). Due to the well-known complexity of sulfate attack on cement-based materials, the current work investigates the use of ANFIS to model the behaviour of a wide range of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixture designs under various high-concentration sodium sulfate exposure regimes including full immersion, wetting-drying, partial immersion, freezing-thawing, and cyclic cold-hot conditions with or without sustained flexural loading. Three ANFIS models have been developed to predict the expansion, reduction in elastic dynamic modulus, and starting time of failure of the tested SCC specimens under the various high-concentration sodium sulfate exposure regimes. A fuzzy inference system was also developed to predict the level of aggression of environmental conditions associated with very severe sodium sulfate attack based on temperature, relative humidity and degree of wetting-drying. The results show that predictions of the ANFIS and fuzzy inference systems were rational and accurate, with errors not exceeding 5%. Sensitivity analyses showed that the trends of results given by the models had good agreement with actual experimental results and with thermal, mineralogical and micro-analytical studies.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권6A호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 자기충전 콘크리트의 배합설계 방법을 활용하여 경량골재콘크리트를 제조하였다. 경량골재를 사용한 자기충전 콘크리트의 평가는 굳지 않은 상태의 유동성, 재료분리저항성 및 충전성을 검토하였고, 성능평가 기준은 일본토목학회에서 제시하고 있는 성능평가 기준을 적용하였다. 또한 경량골재를 사용한 자기충전 콘크리트의 역학적 특성과 함께 건조수축 및 탄산화 특성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 경량골재를 사용한 자기충전 콘크리트의 유동성은 경량굵은골재와 경량잔골재를 동시에 100% 사용한 경우를 제외하고는 목표 성능기준을 만족하였으며, 재료분리저항성은 경량굵은골재 및 경량잔골재를 동시에 사용한 경우에 성능기준을 만족하였고, 충전성의 경우는 경량잔골재를 100% 사용한 경우를 제외하고는 성능기준을 만족하는 경향을 보였다. 경량골재를 사용한 자기충전 콘크리트의 재령 28일 압축강도의 경우 모든 배합에서 30 MPa 이상 발현 되었으며, 압축강도와 인장강도 및 탄성계수의 관계는 기존의 연구 경향과 유사하였다. 또한 자중감소 효과는 기준 콘크리트와 비교하여 최대 26% 감소하였다. 경량골재를 사용한 자기충전 콘크리트의 건조수축과 탄산화 특성은 기준콘크리트와 비교하여 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내고 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2018

In order to evaluate the effect of hybrid fibers on the flexural performance of tunnel segment at room temperature, twelve reinforced self-consolidating concrete (SCC) symmetric inclination beams containing steel fiber, macro polypropylene fiber, micro polypropylene fiber, and their hybridizations were studied under combined loading of flexure and axial compression. The results indicate that the addition of mono steel fiber and hybrid fibers can enhance the ultimate bearing capacity and cracking behavior of tested beams. These improvements can be further enhanced along with increasing the content of steel fiber and macro PP fiber, but reduced with the increase of the reinforcement ratio of beams. The hybrid effect of steel fiber and macro PP fiber was the most obvious. However, the addition of micro PP fibers led to a degradation to the flexural performance of reinforced beams at room temperature. Meanwhile, the hybrid use of steel fiber and micro polypropylene fiber didn't present an obvious improvement to SCC beams. Compared to micro polypropylene fiber, the macro polypropylene fiber plays a more prominent role on affecting the structural behavior of SCC beams. A calculation method for ultimate bearing capacity of flexural SCC symmetric inclination beams at room temperature by taking appropriate effect of hybrid fibers into consideration was proposed. The prediction results using the proposed model are compared with the experimental data in this study and other literature. The results indicate that the proposed model can estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of SCC symmetric inclination beams containing hybrid fibers subjected to combined action of flexure and axial compression at room temperature.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.561-583
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• 2018

A variety of polycarboxylate ether (PCE)-based superplasticizers are commercially available. Their influence on the rheological retention and slump loss in respect of concrete differ considerably. Fluidity and slump loss are the cardinal features responsible for the quality of concrete. These are related to the dispersion of cement particles and the hydration process which are greatly influenced by type of polycarboxylate ether (PCE)-based superplasticizers. On the backdrop of relatively less studies in the context of rheological retention of high strength self-consolidating concrete (HS-SCC), the experimental investigations were carried out aiming at quantifying the effect of the six different PCE polymers (PCE 1-6) on the rheological retention of HS-SCC mixes containing two types of Ordinary Portland Cements (OPC) and unwashed crushed sand as the fine aggregate. The tests that were carried out included $T_{500}$, V-Funnel, yield stress and viscosity retention tests. The supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash (FA) and micro-silica (MS) were also used in ternary blend keeping the mix paste volume and flow of concrete constant. Low water to binder ratio was used. The results reveal that not only the PCEs of different polymer groups behave differently, but even the PCEs of same polymer groups also behave differently. The study also indicates that the HS-SCC mixes containing PCE 6 and PCE 5 performed better as compared to the mixes containing PCE 1, PCE 2, PCE 3 and PCE 4 in respect of all the rheological tests. The PCE 6 is a new class of chemical admixtures known as Polyaryl Ether (PAE) developed by BASF to provide better rheological properties in even in HS-SCC mixes at low water to binder mix. In the present study, the PCE 6, is found to help not only in reduction in the plastic viscosity and yield stress, but also provide good rheological retention over the period of 180 minutes. Further, the early compressive strength properties (one day compressive strength) highly depend on the type of PCE polymer. The side chain length of PCE polymer and the fineness of the cement considerably affect the early strength gain.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 분산제 코팅을 통해 성능 개선된(EP) 나일론 섬유를 혼입한 자기충전 콘크리트의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였으며, 이를 위한 실험 방법으로 나일론 섬유 길이와 다른 유기계 섬유(폴리프로필렌, 셀룰로오스)를 혼입한 경우 그리고 광물질 혼화재(고로슬래그 미분말, 플라이애쉬)의 종류를 달리 혼합한 2성분계 및 3성분계의 경우를 가지고 자기충전 콘크리트의 특성을 검토하였다. 이 실험 결과를 토대로 하여 실구조물 적용을 위한 Mock-up Test를 성능 개선된 나일론 섬유를 혼입한 자기충전콘크리트 와 일반콘크리트를 비교하여 실구조물 활용 가능성을 검토 하였다. 그 결과 굳지 않은 자기충전 콘크리트의 특성, 경화된 자기충전 콘크리트의 특성 및 내구특성을 종합해 볼 때 성능 개선된(EP) 나일론 섬유가 우수함을 알 수 있었고, 성능 개선된 나일론 섬유에 따른 광물질 혼화재 사용에서는 플라이애쉬 보다 고로슬래그 미분말이 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.205-208
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• 2006

Damage of hydraulic concrete structures by the abrasion and erosion process is very severe and it indicates that the necessity of considering the influence of this process while designing concrete mixtures. Abrasion wear of concrete in hydraulic structures is caused by the movement of particles, water-borne debris. The resistance against erosion for high-strength self-consolidating concrete(SCC) was examined in this paper. A newly designed testing method is presented in order to quantitatively estimate the erosion of concrete. It was shown that loss of volume in abraded concrete can be explained as function of material parameters such as the amount of fly ash and blast furnace slag. Those admixtures have been widely used to reduce heat of hydration and improve resistance against sulfate attack. The results of current study can be used as a guideline in selecting the composition of concrete exposed to abrasion-wear.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.431-432
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 분산성을 향상시킨 국내 나일론 섬유를 혼화재(플라이애쉬, 고로슬래그미분말)을 이용하여 고강도 및 높은 유동성을 요구하는 자기충전 콘크리트(이하 SCC로 약함)에 적용하여 실용화 가능성을 확인하려 하였다. 특히 고로슬래그미분말을 혼합한 것이 더 우수한 성능을 보였다.