• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 1999

Essential hypertension is a typical chronic disease requiring adequate and continuous management. And many studies supported that self-care was the essential factor to promote the wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the behavior patterns of self-care in hypertensives. As a research method, 35 Q-statements were collected through Individual interviews and review of the related literatures. 21 subjects were interviewed and the data were analyzed by the PC QUANL program with principal component analysis. There were 6 different self-care types classified as follows 1) Type 1 was the self-oriented control type, monitoring the blood pressure and taking the low salt diet. But they didn't take the anti -hypertensive drug and visit the health agency regularly. 2) Type 2 was the stress-control type. Their main activities were meditation to relieve the stress and communication with family. 3) Type 3 was called daily-life control type. This type tried to make their mind comfort and think positively. They also preferred walking and exercise regularly. 4) Type 4 was the medical-oriented control type, taking the anti-hypertensive drug, visiting the medical personnel and following the medical regimens. 5) Type 5 was the medication-oriented type. They only took the anti -hypertensive drug regularly and didn't any other self-care like as monitoring the blood pressure, taking the low salt diet and exercise. 6) Type 6 was called non-medication control type. This type had no medication, but tried to visit the health agency and health personnel. From the above results, it can be concluded that the self-care types were very various and self-care education have to provide individually according to the characteristics of self-care type. Another repeated study can be recommended to improve the nursing intervention the self-care behavior in chronic patient like as diabetics or rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression experienced by clients (N=152) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM), and to compare the levels of self care activity, metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors between depressed and non-depressed clients. Method: Participants aged 50 and above were conveniently recruited in B city. The levels of depression, self-care activity, metabolic control of glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured by using questionnaires and blood tests from November, 2003 to June, 2004. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Result: The prevalence of depression(CES-D=16) among the participants was $44.1\%$. The levels of self-care activities(p=.012), glucose(p=.019), total cholesterol(p=.022), LDL(.007) and cardiovascular risk factors(p=.012) were significantly higher in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we concluded that many DM patients experience depression and the depression of type 2 DM clients is significantly related with self care activities, diabetic control, and cardiovascular complications. However, this study did not address causality among these variables. Therefore, further research, such as a longitudinal cohort study, is needed to identify causality among these variables.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 1990

This study was carried out to explore the illness-related activities of the menopaused women. To achieve such a purpose, sixty-six cases of the middle aged women were sampled the naturally and the artificially menopaused group respectively from 1st, Aug. to 31th, Aug. in 1988. For the collection of data, 1, 140 women aged between 45-54 were selected through stratified sampling techniques in urban and rural area. Among them the final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced menopause naturally or artificially. And then, after control for age and education analysis was performed. The data was analysed by use of frequency, percentage, $X^2-test,$ t-test, Pearson correlation coefficiency and stop-wise multiple regression. The obtained results were as follows. I. As for the se1f-perception on menopausal symptoms, it was revealed than Korean women, neithe in naturally and artificially, accepted the change of menstruation itself as serious. This shows us that middle-aged women had positively receptive attitudes that the change of menstruation is follwed by amenorrhea. 2. The artificially menopaused group scored more than the naturally one: (I) on the self-control activities such as self-assessment, lay-consultation, fever check, pulse check and observation of vagina discharge, (2) on the self-decision activities such as hospital and pharmacy utilization, (3) on the self maintenance activities such as walking, aerobic, weight check, skin care, skin protect, calori control diet control, milk intake, vegetable intake, cold water drinking before meal, parasol use and BP check The above results lead us that the self care practices of the menopaused women revealed' coping wit I menopausal symptoms at the first level in community and must be developed by the adequate nursin intervention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to measure hospital nurses' perceived patient safety culture and their safety care activities, and to investigate the relationship between these two factors. Method: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The participants were 301 nurses working at 4 general hospitals, and data collection was done from June 22 to June 30, 2009 by self-administrated questionnaires. Results: With a possible score of 5 points, the average score for nurses' perceived patient safety culture was 3.34, and for their safety care activities, 4.25. There were perceived differences in patient safety culture and safety care activities according to age, position, length of work experience and number of patient safety education sessions attended. All sub-factors in patient safety culture had a positive relationship with safety care activities. Factors influencing nurses' safety care activities were number of patient safety education sessions attended, hospital environment, and supervisor/manager. These factors explained 58.2% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that patient safety education is very important to improve nurses' safety care activity. So nursing supervisors/ managers should develop strategies encourage patient safety education, and make nurses' working environment safer.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the status and factors associated with self-management behavior (SMB) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a border area of southwest China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with T2DM patients in Dali, China. The participants filled in the questionnaires including demographic and disease-related characteristics, psychosocial status, resources of DM knowledge, knowledge of DM care, competency in DM care skills, the Chinese Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (C-DMSES), and the Chinese Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (C-SDSCA). All the data were analyzed with SPSS version 26. Multiple linear regression analysis examined associations between predictors and SMB. Results: A total of 470 valid questionnaires have been collected. The score for overall SMB was 50.71± 11.99; 19.6% of patients were at a good level, 48.3% were moderate, and 32.1% were poor. The significant factors that influenced SMB included self-efficacy (β= 0.37; p< .001), competency in DM care skills (β= 0.22; p< .001) and lacked in the treatment confidence (β= -0.09; p= .023). Conclusion: The level of self-management among T2DM patients in this area was medium-low state. For future studies, our findings suggest that self-efficacy, competency in DM care skills, and treatment confidence should be considered essential factors in improving the self-management behavior of T2DM patients in the border area of southwest China.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to verify the effects of a self-regulation program for management of hypertension. Method: Thirty patients with hypertension registered in a community health center were selected as the experiment group, and control group were patients in another community health center, matched for age and gender. The self-regulation program included daily blood pressure checks, periodic counseling, and health education. A self-check digital device with instructions was provided for self-monitoring of blood pressure, and the participants were interviewed before they took part in the program. Results: The first hypothesis was supported: There will be a greater reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure for patients with hypertension who participate in the self-regulation program compared to patients in the control group. The second hypothesis was also supported: Patients with hypertension who participate in the self-regulation program will perform self-care activities better than those in the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that a self-regulation program reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure and improves self-care in patients with hypertension. It is recommended that this self-regulation program be used in community health clinics for management of hypertension and prevention of complications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Purpose : The objective of this study was the development and validation of a scale to measure the self-care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in Korea. Method: Self-care scale was developed based on the self-care activities patients had to carry out in order to manage their COPD. The original scale contained 34 items rated along a five-point Likert scale and was reviewed by 18 professional nurses and 10 Korean patients with COPD for content validity. Subsequently, patients with COPD were asked to complete this 23-item scale and further tests were done with the 125 useable responses. Result: Factor analysis identified eight factors-'maintaining a clean air way', 'taking medication', 'support from family', 'preventing infection', 'managing symptoms', 'breathing exercising', and 'taking in nutrition'. The internal consistency of the total scale was Cronbach's α=0.7226. These eight factors explained 60.8% of total variance. There was correlation among Korean Self-Care Scale score, administration level, and knowledge level but there was no correlation to patients' satisfaction with medical services. Conclusion: The 23 item questionnaire positively identified 8 areas defined important for COPD patients. Further studies are required to see how these can be integrated into patient education.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

The home health care industry has grown rapidly and can be expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future. Home health care refers to the practice of nursing applied to clients with a health condition in the clients place of residence. clients and their designated care givers are the focus at home health nursing practice. The goal of care is to initiate. manage and evaluate the resources needed to promote the clients optimal level of well-being and function. Nursing activities necessary to achieve this goal may warrant preventive maintenance and restorative emphases to prevent potential problems from developing. Many project program were suggested home health care model for Korea's health care system and policy direction for expansion and establishment of home health care .But the aim of this paper is to provide on overview for theoretical frame work in home health care. Theories and conceptual frameworks or models are important nursing because they define and guide the boundaries of professional practice and identify key nurse-patient-caregiver relationships that emerge with caring. Following is the research with an investigation of the literature review in the University of Arizona international medline database, In conclusion, are as followers: First, many nursing theorists have had a tremendous impact on nursing practice. the following highlights those nursing theorists that are particularly helpful in understanding home health care. 1. Florence Nightingale : Our earliest theoretical legacy. Nightingale's believes are reflected in basic infection control practice such as hand washing and infectious waste disposal and are key nursing interventions in home care. 2. Martha Roger's :Science of unitary human beings theory. Rorger's believed that the focus of shared. non invasive healing modelities is the human environmental field rather than direct physical care. These modelities continue to evolve as our awareness (reflecting greater diversity, faster rhythms, motions, and ways of knowing) transcends time and space, allowing individuals to get in touch with their integral nature of unbroken wholeness. On people as ever changing energy fields have special relevance in home care especially with hospice and palliative care applications. 3. Madeline Leininger's; Transcultural nursing theory. Home care nurses move through a variety of communities and often care for patients from different cultural back grounds. Therefore Leininger's work has a good that with home care because home care nursing practice is very culturally focused. 4. Dorothea Orem's : Self care deficit theory. Orem's theory views care as something to be performed by both nurses and patients. The role of the nurse is to provide education and support that help patients acquire the necessary activities to perform self-care. Orem's theory is foundational to have care because it begins to truly acknowledge the role of the patient in managing his or her own health. which is referred to as self-care. 5. Margaret Neuman's; Health as expending consciousness theory. Neuman believes that health compasses disease and reflects an underlying pattern of person-environment interaction. A key application of 'Neuman's work to home care is for nurses to understand that health and illness do not necessarily exist at opposite ends of a continuum. 6. Jean Watson's: Theory of human caring. Watson's theory of human caring in nursing proposes human caring as the moral ideal of nursing. Nurses participate human caring to protect, enhance and preserve humanity by assisting individuals to fing meaning in illness. pain and existence and to help others gain self knowledge. self control. and self healing such thinking lends richness to theory development. as well as clinical practice in home care. Second, Robin Rice : Dynamic self determination for self care. (A theoretical framework for home care) Dynamical self determination for self care can be useful to home care nurses in a variety of ways. As research tool it can be reflected in the interview process when the home visit. The home care nurse's role is that of facilitator of patient self-determination for self care through numerous strategies. including patient education and case management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1303-1317
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• 2000

This study was conducted to identify a effect of the comprehensive self-regulation program for hypertensives as a nursing intervention on self-care performance and the physiologic parameters in rural areas. For this purpose, a nonequivalent control group and a pre and post-test quasi- experimental design was used. Fifty-four were evaluated subjects from two Community Health Practitioner Posts in the suburbs of Taejon City. The subjects of the control and experimental groups were matched for age and sex. The self-regulation program developed by author given to the experimental group. The program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care, self-regulation including the blood pressure self-monitoring, recording of self-care activities, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy. The whole program was carried out from September to November of 1999. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANCOVA, t-test, and ANCOVA. The results were as follows ; There was significant improvement in the scores on knowledge (F=.68, P=.004), perceived self-efficacy (F=26.39, P=.000), self-care performance (F=26.11, P=.000) of the experimental group compared with those of the control group. There was no significant change on the score of locus of control, perceived benefits and perceived barrier, blood cholesterol level, body weight between two groups (P>.05). From these results, it can be concluded that the self-regulation program is an effective nursing strategy to promote self-care performance of hypertensives in rural area.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of a Happiness Self-Coaching program for new graduate nurses working in cancer care units. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest, nonequivalent control-group design was applied to conduct the study. Study participants were new graduate nurses employed within 12 months and working as shift employees at G university hospital, located in J city. A total of 21 new graduate nurses participated in the study, 10 in the experimental group, and 11 in the control group. The happiness self-coaching program was conducted weekly for 70 minutes from February 1 to June 6, 2016 for 6 weeks. The experimental group received the Happiness Self-Coaching program through lectures, presentation, group activities, and strength card play. Data were analyzed by using repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher happiness (F=6.82, p=.003) and self-efficacy (F=3.38 p=.045) levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: The Happiness Self-Coaching program was effective in enhancing new graduate nurses' happiness and self efficacy. It is recommended that nursing organizations to apply the Happiness Self -Coaching program to facilitate adaption of new graduate nurses in cancer care units.