• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2011

Two rice varieties, viz. Nonabokra and Pokkali, have been evaluated for their responses to salinity in terms of some physiological and biochemical attributes. During the exposure to salinity (200 mM concentration of sodium chloride for 24, 48, and 72 h), a significant increase in sodium was recorded which was also concomitant with the changes of other metabolic profiles like proline, phenol, polyamine, etc. The protein oxidation was significantly increased and also varied between the two cultivars. The changes in activities of anti-oxidative enzymes under stress were significantly different to the control. The detrimental effects of salinity were also evident in terms of lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content, protein profiles, and generation of free radicals; and these were more pronounced in Pokkali than in Nonabokra. The assessment and analysis of these physiological characters under salinity could unravel the mechanism of salt responses revealed in this present study and thus might be useful for selection of tolerant plant types under the above conditions of salinity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

The performance and characteristics of nutrient removal in wetlands influenced by plant type. We tested a floating plant, Eichhornia crassipes, and a submerged plant, Ceratophyllum demersum, under the same environmental conditions to understand the differences in nutrient uptake by these different plant forms. The total nitrogen and phosphorus in the water decreased in the following order: Water Only < Water + Soil < Floating Plants ${\approx}$ Submerged Plants and Water Only < Water+Soil < Floating Plants < Submerged Plants. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations increased in both plants; however, the phosphorous concentration was greater in C. demersum than E. crassipes. The submerged plant exhibited higher phosphorus uptake per unit biomass than the floating plant, but nitrogen uptake did not differ significantly. These results suggest that the presence of soil influences nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water, and that wetland plants play an important role in the assimilation and precipitation of phosphorus. Understanding the differences in contaminant removal performance and characteristics of various plant forms can help in the selection of diverse plants for constructed wetlands to improve water quality and provide ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat and landscape enhancement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1397-1401
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• 2005

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is a signaling homodimeric molecule that acts as a morphogen to influence cell fate in a concentration-dependent manner. The limited supply of a pure preparation of BMP-4, due to very low level of their expression in vivo, makes it difficult not only to study the biological activities of BMPs, but also to use them as a clinical tool. For a large-scale production of BMP-4, human BMP-4 cDNA was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by a recently development vector system, which confers position-independent stable expression of the foreign genes. The CHO cell line expressing recombinant human BMP-4 (rhBMP-4) at the level of $7\;{\mu}g/ml$ could be obtained after stepwise selection with methotrexate. This level of expression is about 70 times higher than those previously reported. The partially processed form of BMP-4 as well as mature form could be detected, when the aliquots of culture media were analyzed by Western blot. The glycosylation pattern and biological activity of the rhBMP-4 were determined by glycosidase treatment and the induction rate of alkaline phosphatase in mouse osteoblastic cells.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.41-60
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• 2008

This study is basically to investigate the possibility of revitalizing the fishing village economy by targeting on trip type, propensity, and awareness of visitors who visited Gogunsan in JeonBuk by applying Blue Amenity. As the result of survey, it showed that visitors in Gosunsan islands generally were satisfied with trip, and they had considerably higher intention of revisit. However, it showed that the improvement and publicity of various travel services including resources and facilities were demanded. In particular, it should pay attention to requirements depending on age and selection of main visitors with reference to revisit, and as the result, the factors having the most important influence on are traffic, and natural scenery, so it is considered that these factors must be maintained to increase the rate of revisit with full of concentration. Besides, it is confirmed that Visitors are unfamiliar with Blue Amenity applying fishing village's own historical cultural resources with reference to preferring islands trip, and they were much concerned about the establishment of tentatively named "regional(urban - fishing village) center" to revitalize the fishing village economy. Moreover it could grasp the tourist industry operated jointly by fishing villages, the pride of town to characterize, advantage in promoting the tourist industry as compared with other regions, and difficulties or recommendations in promoting the tourist industry. And comprehensive investigation of Blue Amenity resources in this region and the measures of improving life environment must be performed in future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.251-268
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• 1986

Selecting a site for the safe disposal of radioactive waste requires the evaluation of a wide range of geologic, mineralogic, hydrologic, and physicochemical properties. Although highly diverse, these properties are in fact interrelated. Site requirements are also diverse because they are influenced by the nature of the radionuclides in the waste, for example, their half-lives, specific energy, and chemistry. A fundamental consideration in site selection is the mineralogy of the host rock, and one of the most ubiquitous mineral groups is clay minerals. Clays and clay minerals as in situ lithologic components and engineered barriers may playa significant role in retarding the migration of radionuclides. Their high sorptivity, longevity (stability), low permeability, and other physical factors should make them a very effective retainer of most radionuclides in nuclear wastes. There are, however, some unanswered questions. For example, how will their longevity and physicochemical properties be influenced by such factors as radionuclide concentration, radiation intensity, elevated temperatures, changes in redox condition, pH, and formation fluids for extended periods of time? Understanding of mechanisms affecting clay mineral-radionuclide interactions under prevailing geochemical conditions is important; however, the utilization of experimental geochemical information related to physicochemical properties of clays and clay-bearing materials with geohydrologic models presents a uniquely challenging problem in that many assessments have to be based on model predictions rather than on experiments. These are high-priority research investigations that need to be addressed before complete reliance for disposal area performance is made on clays and clay minerals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8_spc
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• pp.1296-1305
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• 2019

There have been recent advances concerning research of the feeding and nutrition of dairy goats in a wide array of areas. Ruminally emitted methane and supplementary feedstuffs to a lesser extent make appreciable contributions to the carbon footprint of dairy goats, with the former affected by type of production system and associated dietary characteristics. Unique behavior of goats necessitates careful consideration of the nature of confinement facilities to achieve optimal production by animals differing in social hierarchy. Physiological conditions such as nutritional needs and perhaps health status may influence diet selection by goats in both grazing and confinement settings. Some research suggests that low concentrations of protein and fat in milk of high-yielding dairy goat breeds could involve the type and nature of dietary ingredients as influencing end products of ruminal fermentation. With the relationship between milk urea nitrogen concentration and efficiency of dietary protein utilization, through future research the measure may be a useful tool for diet formulation as in dairy cattle. Effects of dietary inclusion of sources of fats and oils vary considerably depending on their nature, as is also true for byproduct feedstuffs and conventional ones being substituted for. Supplementation of dairy goats with sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect oxidative stress and various feedstuffs influence antioxidant status; however, research addressing the significance of such changes under practical production settings would be beneficial.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1276-1286
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• 2003

The performance of porous bearing under different lubricants and lubricating conditions was experimentally investigated in this study. In order to carry out the experiments, a new test rig was designed to determine the tribological properties of based sintered bronze journal bearings that were manufactured by powder metallurgy (P/M) techniques. To determine the effects of lubricating conditions with and without oil supplement (OS) on the tribological characteristics of these bearings under static loading and periodic loadings, some experiments were carried out using different lubricants. In the tests, pure base oil (SAE 20W50), two fully formulated commercial engine oils (SAE20W50) and lubricating oils with commercial additive concentration ratio of 3％ were used. The worn surfaces of test bearings were examined using optical microscopy. Experimental results showed that the change in friction coefficient was more stable and in smaller magnitude under static loading than that of periodic loading. In addition, the friction coefficient and the wear rate conducted with base oil resulted in higher values than those of fully formulated oils with and without OS lubricating conditions. The experimental results obtained in this study indicated that the correct selection of lubricant and suitable running conditions were very important on the tribological characteristics of porous bearings.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.855-862
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• 2009

This paper pointed out major problems of land use regulation policy surrounding Paldang Lake as follows: (1) inefficient management system, (2) inconsistent administrative management, (3) illogical selection of regulated area, (4) contradictory present system, and (5) controversial discharge control. Several regulation laws for the land-use surrounding Paldang Lake caused confusion of application and inefficiency of management. Amendment of regulation laws made it possible that the regulated area was developed, which resulted in the deterioration of water quality. In addition, successive regulations without scientific implementation overexpanded regulated area and focus on the discharge concentration of contaminated sources stimulated development of small size sources. To overcome these problems, we suggested reestablishment of regulated area, differentiation of regulation amendments, and flexibility in the application of regulation. It is necessary to arrange regulated area based on the efficient land use management and scientific implementation and then to mitigate land use regulation under the sustainable development. For the flexible application of regulation, it is required to amend the rule in response to the change of environmental condition and development of environmental techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

This study aimed to systematically adjust rural area development projects that have been carried out by a variety of government departments for activation of rural areas and overcome inefficient problems caused by the policies and projects promoted separately. As its alternative, this study aimed to explore efficient improvement scheme of rural villages associated with various projects. Major agriculture/rural policies and projects that have been promoted were classified by the target space of the policies and projects as Environment space, living space, and production space. Each space was categorized into five sub-items without duplication. By assessment results of rural area improvement level and preference by Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method, maintenance of rural areas was classified into four types. And outer space structure was analyzed by using Space Syntax Method(SSM). Based on the analysis result above, facilities for improvement of rural villages were placed around representative facilities. Facility allocation was based on selection and concentration in terms of facility maintenance and on type attributes in terms of spatial aspects. And finally, alternatives schemes for setting up the basic direction of improvement of rural villages are local area characteristics and environmentally conscious business plan.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1991

In order to construct a yeast strain having high ethanol tolerance together with good lactose fermentation ability, the protoplast fusion using Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV 89 and Kluyveromyces fragilis CBS 397 was carried out. Auxotrophic mutants of K. fragilis were obtained as a selection marker by treatment of ethylmethane sulfonate. The best mutant for protoplast fusion was selected based on the capabilities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ production and lactose fermentation. The protoplast fusion using polyethylene glycol and calcium chloride solution led to the fusion frequence of $3{\times}10^{-6}$ and a number of fusants were obtained. Among these fusants, a fusant F-3-19 showed the best results in terms of ethanol tolerance, ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity and lactose fermentation. The performance of lactose fermentation and ethanol tolerance by this fusant were better than those of K. fragilis. Study on the ethanol tolerance having relation to fatty acid composition and intracellular ethanol concentration revealed that the fusant F-3-19 had a higher unsaturated fatty acids content and accumulated less amount of intracellular ethanol compared with a parent of K. fragilis.