• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2023

반복하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 부재는 이력거동이 진행됨에 따라 강성과 강도의 저하 그리고 핀칭현상 등으로 인하여 에너지소산 능력이 감소된다. 그러나 지침서 「철근콘크리트 건축구조물의 성능기반 내진설계를 위한 비선형해석모델, 2021」에서는 각 부재별로 모든 이력단계별 단일한 에너지소산계수를 산정하도록 하고 있어 이력단계에 따른 에너지소산능력의 감소를 고려할 수 없을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반복하중을 받는 일반보에 대한 기존 실험결과와 비선형시간이력해석 결과를 비교하여 이력단계에 따른 에너지소산계수를 고찰하였다. 에너지소산계수는 비선형시간이력해석 결과로 구한 이상화된 탄소성거동 에너지 소산량에 대한 실제 실험체의 에너지소산량의 비로써 산출하였다. 기존 실험결과는 1회 Cycle을 각 이력단계별로 산정하여 에너지소산계수를 도출하였으며, 지침서 내 비선형모델링 과정을 토대로 에너지소산계수를 도출하였다. 기존 실험연구에선 각 이력단계(Y-L-R)를 설정하여 에너지소산계수를 구하였으며, 에너지소산계수는 Y-L구간 0.36, L-R구간 0.28로 나타났고, 지침서 에너지소산계수는 0.31로 나타났다. 이는 지침서의 에너지소산계수 산정식이 철근콘크리트 부재의 에너지소산능력의 감소를 나타내지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.417-426
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• 2018

This paper presents the seismic behaviors and restoring force model of ring beam joints of steel tube-reinforced concrete column structure under cyclic loading. First, the main failure mode, ultimate bearing capacity, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity are studied. Then, the effects of concrete grade, steel grade, reinforcement ratio and radius-to-width ratios are discussed. Finally, the restoring force model is proposed. Results show that the ring beam joints of steel tube-reinforced concrete column structure performs good seismic performances. With concrete grade increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity increase, while the stiffness degradation rates increases slightly. When the radius-width ratio is 2, with reinforcement ratio increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity decreases. However, when the radius-to-width ratios are 3, with reinforcement ratio increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity increases. With radius-to-width ratios increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity decreases slightly and the stiffness degradation rate increases, but the energy dissipation capacity increases slightly.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2022

Timber is one of the few natural, renewable building materials and glulam is a type of engineering wood product. In the present work, timber-based braces are applied for retrofitting midrise Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) using two types of timber base braces (Timber base glulam, and hybrid Timber-Steel-BRB) as alternatives for retrofitting by traditional steel bracings. The improving effects of adding the bracings to the SMRF on seismic characteristics of the frame are evaluated using load-bearing capacity, energy dissipation, and story drifts of the frame. For evaluating the retrofitting effects on the seismic performance of SMRF, a five-story SMRF is considered unretofitted and retrofitted with steel-hollow structural section (HSS) brace, Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) brace, and hybrid Timber-Steel BRB. Using OpenSees structural analyzer, the performance are investigated under pushover, cyclic, and incremental loading. Results showed that steel-HSS, timber base Glulam, and hybrid timber-steel BRB braces have more significant roles in energy dissipation, increasing stiffness, changing capacity curves, reducing inter-story drifts, and reducing the weight of the frames, compared by steel bracing. Results showed that Hybrid BRB counteract the negative post-yield stiffness, so their use is more beneficial on buildings where P-Delta effects are more critical. It is found that the repair costs of the buildings with hybrid BRB will be less due to lower residual drifts. As a result, timber steel-BRB has the best energy dissipation and seismic performance due to symmetrical and stable hysteresis curves of buckling restrained braces that can experience the same capacities in tension and compression.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.445-452
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• 2006

A new Energy-Dissipating Sacrificial Device(EDSD) is proposed, which can effectively dissipate the energy stored in the structures during seismic actions. A mathematical 3-D bridge models and analysis techniques are developed to represent the non-linear behavior of the EDSD, various seismic responses of a sample bridge with the EDSD are analyzed in terms of energy, member forces and deformation using the developed analysis method. And the EDSD is tested and certified it's behavior and stability to apply on exiting bridges. The EDSD can be able to dissipate a large amount of energy and therefore it can prevent the pier's excessive forces under seismic excitations and EDSD and its connected members are also stable. Additionally, the method and guidelines of an optimum EDSD design are proposed in terms of installation method and decision of number of EDSD. The Proposed EDSD under seismic excitations can significantly decrease the excessive storing energy in the bridge structures and reduce the relative displacements of each superstructure to the ground. The EDSD is also found to function as a structural fuse under strong ground motions, sacrificing itself to absorb the excessive energy. Consequently, economical enhancement of the seismic performance of bridges can be achieved by employing the newly developed energy dissipation sacrificial device(EDSD).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2018

Fiber reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) materials that exhibit strain-hardening and multiple cracking properties under tension were recently developed as innovative building materials for construction. This study aims at exploring the use of FRCC on the seismic performance of coupling beams with conventional reinforcement. Experimental tests were conducted on seven FRCC precast coupling beams with small span-to-depth ratios and one ordinary concrete coupling beam for comparison. The crack and failure modes of the specimens under the low cycle reversed loading were observed, and the hysteretic characteristics, deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness degradation were also investigated. The results show that the FRCC coupling beams have good ductility and energy dissipation capacities compared with the ordinary concrete coupling beam. As the confinement stirrups and span-to-depth ratio increase, the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of coupling beams can be improved significantly. Finally, based on the experimental analysis and shear mechanism, a formula for the shear capacity of the coupling beams with small span-to-depth ratios was also presented, and the calculated results agreed well with the experimental results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2020

The steel slit shear wall (SSSW), made by cutting vertical slits in a steel plate, is increasingly used for the seismic protection of building structures. In the domain of thin plate shear walls, the out-of-plane buckling together with the potential fracture developed at slit ends at large lateral deformation may result in degraded shear strength and energy dissipation, which is not desirable in view of seismic design. To address this issue, the present study proposed a new type of SSSW made by intentionally introducing initial out-of-plane folding into the originally flat slitted plate. Quasi-static cyclic tests on three SSSWs with different amplitudes of introduced out-of-plane folding were conducted to study their shear strength, elastic stiffness, energy dissipation capacity and buckling behavior. By introducing proper amplitude of out-of-plane folding into the SSSW fracture at slit ends was eliminated, plumper hysteretic behavior was obtained and there was nearly no strength degradation. A method to estimate the shear strength and elastic stiffness of the new SSSW was also proposed.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 기둥이 취약한 골조의 내진성능을 향상시키기 위한 공법을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 기둥을 아라미드 시트로 횡구속하여 취성적인 특성을 개선하였으며, S형 스트럿을 가지는 강재 댐퍼를 설치하여 에너지 소산 능력을 증진시켰다. 비보강 실험체 및 보강 실험체를 실물크기로 제작하여 수평하중 저항 능력을 평가하였다. 파괴 양상, 강도, 강성 저하 및 에너지 소산 능력 등에서 보강 실험체의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 ABAQUS를 이용한 FE 해석으로부터, 대상 실험체의 이력 거동을 예측 및 평가하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2023

Buckling Restrained Braces can not only express the strength considered at the time of design, but also reduce the seismic load by energy dissipation according to the plastic behavior after yield deformation of the steel core. The physical characteristics and damping effect may be different according to the buckling prevention method of the steel core by the lateral restraint element. Accordingly, in this study, To compare hysteresis characteristics, Specimen(BRB-C) filled with mortar, specimen(BRB-R) combined with a buckling restraint ring and Specimen(BRB-EP) filled with engineering plastics was fabricated, and a cyclic loading test was performed. As a result of the cyclic loading test, the maximum compressive strength, cumulative energy dissipation and ductility of each test specimen was similar. But in case of the cumulative energy dissipation and ductility, BRB-C filled with the mortar specimen showed the lowest. This is considered to be because the gap between the steel core and the reinforcing material for plastic deformation was not uniformly formed by pouring mortar around the core part.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2023

Steel shear walls are used to strengthen steel and concrete structures. One such system is Partial Attached Steel Shear Walls (PASSW), which are only connected to frame beams. This system offers both structural and architectural advantages. This study first calibrated the numerical model of RC frames with and without PASSW using an experimental sample. The seismic performance of the RC frame was evaluated by 30 non-linear static analyses, which considered stiffness, ductility, lateral strength, and energy dissipation, to investigate the effect of PASSW width and column axial load. Based on numerical results and a curve fitting technique, a lateral stiffness equation was developed for frames equipped with PASSW. The effect of the shear wall location on the concrete frame was evaluated through eight analyses. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the shear wall on maximum frame displacement using three earthquake records. The results revealed that if PASSW is designed with appropriate stiffness, it can increase the energy dissipation and ductility of the frame by 2 and 1.2 times, respectively. The stiffness and strength of the frame are greatly influenced by PASSW, while axial force has the most significant negative impact on energy dissipation. Furthermore, the location of PASSW does not affect the frame's behavior, and it is possible to have large openings in the frame bay.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.749-766
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• 2012

Structural control through integration of passive damping devices within the building structure has been increasingly implemented internationally in the last years and has proven to be a most promising strategy for earthquake safety. In the present paper an alternative configuration of an innovative energy dissipation mechanism that consists of slender tension only bracing members with closed loop and a hysteretic damper is investigated in its dynamic behavior. The implementation of the adaptable dual control system, ADCS, in frame structures enables a dual function of the component members, leading to two practically uncoupled systems, i.e., the primary frame, responsible for the normal vertical and horizontal forces and the closed bracing-damper mechanism, for the earthquake forces and the necessary energy dissipation. Three representative international earthquake motions of differing frequency contents, duration and peak ground acceleration have been considered for the numerical verification of the effectiveness and properties of the SDOF systems with the proposed ADCS-configuration. The control mechanism may result in significant energy dissipation, when the geometrical and mechanical properties, i.e., stiffness and yield force of the integrated damper, are predefined. An optimum damper ratio, DR, defined as the ratio of the stiffness to the yield force of the hysteretic damper, is proposed to be used along with the stiffness factor of the damper's- to the primary frame's stiffness, in order for the control mechanism to achieve high energy dissipation and at the same time to prevent any increase of the system's maximum base shear and relative displacements. The results are summarized in a preliminary design methodology for ADCS.