• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2001

본 시험은 벼의 전 생육기간에 필요한 질소를 완효성 비료로서 육묘상자에 시용하거나 전량기비로 전층시비할 때 모의 장해나 수량감소 없이 질소이용률을 높이고, 시비노동력을 줄일 수 있는 완효성 비료의 종류와 알맞은 시비량을 찾고자 수행하였다. 완효성 질소비료는 MS 10, MS S10, LCU 80, LCU 100 이었으며, 시용량은 0, 6, 9, 12 kg N/10 a 이었다. 수중 질소용출율과 전기전도도는 MS 10 > LCU 80 ${\fallingdotseq}$ LCU 100 > MS S10 순으로 컸으며, 온도가 높을수록 질소의 용출율이 높았고, EC가 증가하였다. MS 10 시용구에서는 어느 시비량에서나 출아하지 않았고, LCU 80과 LCU 100 처리구에서는 시비량이 증가할수록 입모율이 현저히 저하되었으며, 파종 후 13일에 모가 심하게 시들었다. 모든 MS S10 처리구에서는 입모율이 80% 이상이었고, 파종 후 30일까지 모가 정상적으로 생장하였다. MS S10을 육묘상자와 본답에 전량기비로 시용하였을 때 벼 수량은 두 시비방법간에 차이가 없었으며, 시비량간에는 6, 9, 12 kg N/10a과 요소로서 12 kg N/10a을 4회 분시한 관행시비방법 간에 차이가 없었다. MS S10의 질소이용률은 질소시비량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, MS S10 시용구가 관행의 요소시비구보다 높았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1144-1149
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• 2011

잣나무는 우리나라의 대표적인 조림수종으로서 종자가 비산하지 못하고 조류나 설치류등의 동물에 의해 운반, 산포됨으로써 잣나무 인공조림지 주변 산림의 하층에 잣나무 치수가 천연 발생하게 된다. 조사 임분 내에서는 직경급, 수고급별 분포에서 역 J자형을 나타내는 음수의 잣나무가 상층의 참나무림에 의해 낮은 광환경과 토양의 비옥도가 낮은 조건하에서 생육하고 있다. 조사 임분은 비교적 온도가 높고 건조한 남서사면이지만 상층의 참나무림 임관에 의해 완화되며, 따라서 잣나무 종자의 발아나 치수를 보호하는 미세 입지환경을 제공 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 잣나무 치수의 전체 현존량은 잣나무 인공림에 비해 높았으며 참나무림 하부의 낮은 광 환경에서도 적응하는 것으로 생각된다. 각 기관별 질소와 인의 농도는 인공 잣나무림 및 혼효하는 참나무림의 각 기관별 농도보다 낮았으며 양분량도 현존량에비해 상대적으로 적었다. 이들 양분은 일반적으로 식물의 성장에 필요한 주요 성분이므로 잣나무와 활엽수 혼효림의 시업에 있어서 지조부는 임상에 존치 시키는 것이 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1994

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 참깨의 Plastic film(polyethylene)멀칭 재배(栽培)에 있어서 멀칭이 지온(地溫)과 근권(根圈)의 토양수분(土壤水分) 함량(含量)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 그것이 참깨의 입묘(立苗) 및 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 밝히고자 수행(遂行)되었다. 시험(試驗)은 사양토(砂壤土)인 시험포지(試驗圃地)에 품종(品種) 안산깨를 공시(供試)하여 실시(實施)하였는데 참깨재배에서 조우(遭遇)할 수 있는 충분(充分)한 환경변이하(環境變異下)에서의 멀칭효과(效果)를 밝히고자 파종기(播種期)를 4월(月) 25일(日), 5월(月) 10일(日), 5월(月) 25일(日) 및 6월(月) 10일(日)의 4수준(水準)으로 하고, 1991년(年)과 1992년(年)의 2개년(個年) 동일시험(同一試驗)을 반복실시(反復實施)하였다. 그 주요(主要)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 참깨재배에 있어서 polyethylene film mulching은 파종기(播種期), 년차(年次), 생육기(生育期)에 따라 다르지만 근권(根圈)의 지온(地溫)을 일평균(日平均) $1.4{\sim}2.8^{\circ}C$ 상승(上昇)시키고, 근권토양수분(根圈土壤水分)은 일평균치(日平均値)로 건기(乾期)에는 0.5~3.0% 증가(增加)시키는 반면(反面), 강우량(降雨量)이 많은 시기(時期)에는 1.0~2.0% 정도(程度) 감소(減少)시켰다. 2. 참깨의 발아(發芽) 및 입묘세(立苗勢)는 지온(地溫)의 차이(差異)에 대단히 민감(敏感)하게 반응(反應)하였는데 파종후(播種後) 7일이내(日以內)에 정상적(正常的)으로 출현(出現)하려면 종자위치(種子位置)(토심(土深) 5cm)의 지온(地溫)이 일평균(日平均) $21.0^{\circ}C$이상(以上)이어야 했다. 3. 참깨의 발아(發芽) 및 입묘(立苗)는 종자위치(種子位置)의 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)이 14.0~21.0%(V/V) (-0.4bar~-2.0bar) 범위(範圍)이면 제한요인(制限要因)이 아니었고, 이 범위내(範圍內)에서 토양수분(土壤水分)의 영향(影響)은 미미(微微)했으나 사양토(砂壤土)에서 14.0~15.0%(V/V) (-2.0~-2.5bar)일 경우 최고수분조건(最適水分條件)이었다. 4. 멀칭에 의한 일평균(日平均) 지온상승(地溫上昇)의 효과(效果)는 토양수분(士壤水分) 함량(含量)이 높을 경우 컸으며, 멀칭에 의한 입묘세(立苗勢)의 증대효과(增大效果)는 기온(氣溫)이 낮은 경우 현저(顯著)히 컸지만 파종기(播種期)가 일평균(日平均) 기온(氣溫)이 $19^{\circ}C$보다 저온(低溫)인 시기(時期)에는 입묘후생초기(立苗後生育初期)에는 묘지상부(苗地上部)가 저온(低溫)에 의해 생육(生育)이 억제(抑制)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.228-234
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• 1993

벼 건답휴립직파재배에서 발아시 토양수분과 입묘율과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 칠성벼, 가유벼, 삼강벼, 영산벼, 영덕벼, 화진벼, 팔공벼, 섬진벼, 도진벼, 밀양 9005, M101, M202, Newbonnet, Tebonnet, Lemont 등 15개 품종을 공시하여 여러가지 토양수분함량과 복토심을 달리하여 파종시험을 하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종 후 4일간 담수하였다가 배수하여도 출아율에는 영향이 없었다. 2. 담수조건에서 1.5cm 복토하였을 때 출아율은 40%이하로 토양표면에 파종한 것보다 출아율이 현저히 낮았고, 품종간에는 영산벼와 섬진벼의 출아율이 가장 높았다. 3. 국장에서 파종 후 상면 10cm까지 관수하여도 출아율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. 토양수분은 관수 및 강우 후 3～6일간은 pF0이었고, 산화환원전위는 443～453mV로 무관수보다 낮았다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2014

Due to limited supplies and expensive importing costs, it is a goal to replace overseas peat with local soil amendments in turf industry of Korea. The study was initiated to compare the performances of five domestic and imported organic soil amendments (OSAs) on establishment characteristics and to provide basic information for root zone composition on sports turf design and construction. The study was conducted in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., KB) under greenhouse conditions from March to June in 2008. A total of 25 treatments of OSA + sand were prepared. These amendments were Berger Peat (OMA), Eco-Peat (OMB), G1-Soil (OMC), Premier Peat (OMD), and Supersoil I (OME). Significant differences were observed in establishment vigor, seedling emergence, and top growth. Results varied depending upon the type of OSAs and their rates in rootzone mixtures. OMA reached over 70% in establishment vigor in 5 WAS (weeks after seeding). OMC produced a maximum vigor of approximately 60% in 6 WAS. The OME amendment, however, showed poor performance lower than 30% in establishing KB turf until 8 WAS. There were considerable variations of top growth, being 3.8 to 14.5 cm. Greater differences in top growth resulted from OME mixtures. Shoot growth orientation in KB is also influenced by OSAs. In general, optimum mixing rate was considered as 10 to 20% for establishment vigor and 20 to 40% for top growth. Considering overall responses to establishment vigor, seedling emergence, and shoot growth, both local OMC and overseas OMD are considered as the useful soil amendments applicable for sports turfs. Domestic OME amendment would be applied for a low maintenance turfs such as rough and utility areas due to greater shoot growth. Information on these amendments would be of practical use for sports turf design and construction. Repeated experiments and field performance test are required to evaluate these OSA effect on other major turfgrass species and also to determine local OSA as imported peat substitute.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.334-334
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• 2017

Unstable soil moisture conditions often negatively affect the emergence, seedling establishment, and growth uniformity at the initial stage, and then reduce the grain yield and biomass in direct seeding cultivation for rice in rainfed fields. Therefore it is important to develop a technique to increase the rapid and stabilized seedling establishment and improve the uniformity of initial growth after sowing. This study aims to confirm results on seed priming effect of indoor using petri dish experiments can be reproduced in the field using container at Ghana. Twenty-seven rice varieties including of Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud. were used in this study. The experiments using petri dish and container with different soil moisture conditions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were compared. As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and emergence time uniformity in the primed seed of container in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition. A significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and plant height in the primed seed of container in 10% soil moisture condition in O. glaberrima. This study concluded that the priming effect in petri dish demonstrate those in container in the field condition of Ghana in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition during seedling stage.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.53-53
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• 2017

Unstable soil moisture conditions often negatively affect the emergence, seedling establishment, and growth uniformity at the initial stage, and then reduce the grain yield and biomass in direct seeding cultivation for rice in rainfed fields. Therefore it is important to develop a technique to increase the rapid and stabilized seedling establishment and improve the uniformity of initial growth after sowing. This study aims to confirm results on seed priming effect of indoor using petri dish experiments can be reproduced in the field using container at Ghana. Twenty-seven rice varieties including of Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud. were used in this study. The experiments using petri dish and container with different soil moisture conditions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were compared. As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and emergence time uniformity in the primed seed of container in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition. A significant positive correlation was found between the germination time uniformity in the primed seed of petri dish and plant height in the primed seed of container in 10% soil moisture condition in O. glaberrima. This study concluded that the priming effect in petri dish demonstrate those in container in the field condition of Ghana in 10% and 15% soil moisture condition during seedling stage.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2009

This study was carried to select the proper vegetation base materials which improve soil quality in abandoned coal mine areas. Also, we aimed at the feasibility of the direct seeding method without soil molding for the ecological restoration in those areas. We set total eight plots within the study site established on an abandoned coal mine area near Taebaek city, Gangwon province in April 2006. The plots were classified as two groups(straw mats mulching and no mulching), and the four treatments (C; control, MI; microbial innoculation, WC; wood chip, OF; organic fertilizer) were applied in each two groups for the soil conditioning. The survival of Pinus densiflora was highest among other species(Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Amorpha fruticosa and Arundinella hirta). For the non straw mat, the survival rate of Pinus densiflora seedlings was highest in the WC treatment($1,756trees/m^2$). For the straw mat, survival rate of Pinus densiflora seedlings was also highest in the WC treatment ($1,622trees/m^2$). In addition, for the non straw mat, the height growth of Pinus densiflora seedling was highest in the OF treatment($12.4{\pm}3.9cm$). For the straw mat, the height growth of Pinus densiflora seedling was also highest in the OF treatment($18.7{\pm}5.3cm$). In general, organic fertilizer treatment with the straw mat was most effective for seedling growth. Also, we suggested that the direct seeding method without soil molding could be sufficiently possible for revegetating abandoned coal mine, Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

In spite water direct seeding cultivation of rice has advantages in terms of laborsaving and cost-down, it demonstrates uneven seedling establishment and difficult weed management. To select an applicable mat for mulching system of water seeded rice, weed occurrence, growth and yield performances of rice, and soil temperature were evaluated in several kinds of biodegradable mulching material. Field studies were conducted at the experimental farm of National Crop Experiment Station in 1999 and 2000. Among the mats tested in 1999, Safer-mat had the greatest effect on inhibiting weed occurrence and Lawn-mat demonstrated the least efficacy of weed control (EWC) value. In Safer-mat treatment, Ludwigia prostrata was the dominant weed species but Echinochloa crus-galli was not observed. Different kinds of mulching material from the mats studied in 1999 were tested in 2000. Biodegradable polyester (PES) coated on the recycled paper for newspaper press (RP) treatments showed similar or higher EWC values than non-mulched broadcast seed rice with 2 times of herbicide application (BC-herbicide) and Safer-mat that was the most effective mat on preventing weed appearance in 1999. Immediately after mat mulching on the surface of paddy soil, five pregerminated rice seeds were manually sown in each 3cm-hole formerly punctured at 30${\times}$14 cm spacing in 2000. All the 3 kinds of mulching material tested in 2000 had better seedling stand than BC-herbicide treatment. Rice yield in PES coated with 10 thickness on RP (PES10 $\mu\textrm{m}$＋RP) was a little higher than in BC-herbicide treatment but the former produced less panicles in unit land area than the latter. PES10 $\mu\textrm{m}$＋RP demonstrated a great effect on raising soil surface temperature than non-mulching treatment throughout the period of seedling establishment.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2023

This study was conducted to analyze changes of irrigation water and soil volumetric water content by irrigation method of field soil in Saemangeum reclaimed tideland. The main test irrigation methods was surface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and sub drip irrigation. In addition, the correlation between irrigation amounts and crop yield by irrigation method was investigated. For soil volumetric water contents increases by 25%, surface drip irrigation took 1.5 hour, sprinkler irrigation took 2.0 hours, and sub drip irrigation took 3.0 hours. As a result of analyzing the irrigation amounts according to the yield, the surface drip irrigation was 2.66 mm/day in the seedling stages, 3.31 mm/day in the vegetative growth stages, and 5.09 mm/day in the flowering stages. Sprinkler irrigation was 2.90 mm/day in the seedling stages, 3.87 mm/day in the vegetative growth stages, and 7.11 mm/day in the flowering stages. Sub drip irrigation was 2.42 mm/day in the seedling stages, 3.09 mm/day in the vegetative growth stages, and 4.87 mm/day in the flowering stages. It was analyzed that there was a statistically significant difference in irrigation amounts by fresh weight and irrigation method (F=4.002, p=0.022), and irrigation amounts by dry weight and irrigation method (F=3.499 p=0.034). Surface drip irrigation was judged to be more appropriate than sprinkler irrigation or sub drip irrigation for field crops in Saemangeum reclaimed land.