• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.271-281
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• 2021

Objective : Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the safety and efficacy of combined ICI and Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) treatment remain undefined. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients treated with ICIs with or without GKS at our institute to manage patients with brain metastases from NSCLC. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with brain metastases from NSCLC treated with ICIs between January 2015 and December 2017. Of 134 patients, 77 were assessable for brain responses and categorized into three groups as follows : group A, ICI alone (n=26); group B, ICI with concurrent GKS within 14 days (n=24); and group C, ICI with non-concurrent GKS (n=27). Results : The median follow-up duration after brain metastasis diagnosis was 19.1 months (range, 1-77). At the last follow-up, 53 patients (68.8%) died, 20 were alive, and four were lost to follow-up. The estimated median overall survival (OS) of all patients from the date of brain metastasis diagnosis was 20.0 months (95% confidence interval, 12.5-27.7) (10.0, 22.5, and 42.1 months in groups A, B, and C, respectively). The OS was shorter in group A than in group C (p=0.001). The intracranial disease progression-free survival (p=0.569), local progression-free survival (p=0.457), and complication rates did not significantly differ among the groups. Twelve patients showed leptomeningeal seeding (LMS) during follow-up. The 1-year LMS-free rate in treated with ICI alone group (69.1%) was significantly lower than that in treated with GKS before ICI treatment or within 14 days group (93.2%) (p=0.004). Conclusion : GKS with ICI showed no favorable OS outcome in treating brain metastasis from NSCLC. However, GKS with ICI did not increase the risk of complications. Furthermore, compared with ICI alone, GKS with ICI may be associated with a reduced incidence of LMS. Further understanding of the mechanism, which remains unknown, may help improve the quality of life of patients with brain metastasis.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2017

To evaluate performance of the experimental pick-up type pulse crop harvester for harvesting sprout bean, its pick-up and discharging grain loss ratios, grain quality such as whole grain ratio, damaged grain ratio, unthreshed grain, and foreign material ratio in grain tank, germination rate of threshed grain, and theoretical field capacity of the harvester were analyzed according to engine speeds of 2000, 2400 and 2800 rpm and harvesting speeds of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 m/s. It is considered that the harvester showed optimum performance at the engine speed of 2800 rpm and the harvesting speed of 1.0 m/s, and then average pick-up grain loss ratio of 2.7%, discharging grain loss ratio of 0.5%, whole grain ratio of 99.3%, damaged grain ratio of 0.2%, unthreshed grain ratio of 0.0%, foreign material ratio of 0.2%, and germination rate at 8 days after seeding of 72.8% were shown. It is considered that the harvester has lower grain loss and higher grain quality than the imported bean combines. And also as it could harvest 3 rows of cut and dried sprout bean crop width of which was about 2 m, its effective field capacity was estimated for about 50 a/h.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal sowing date for the spring sowing cultivation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). To determine suitable rapeseed sowing dates for spring sowing cultivation, changes in growth, flowering characteristics, and seed production were investigated in Muan, South Korea between 2019 and 2020. 'Jungmo7001' is the suitable variety for spring sowing because of its early flowering characteristics, high seed yield, and the fact that it occupies the highest cultivation area in South Korea. When the yield of 'Jungmo7001' was investigated in 2019 and 2020, the highest yields recorded were 243 kg/10a in February 28, 2019, and 294 kg/10a in February 18, 2020. As a result, the optimal rapeseed seeding period is considered to be mid-to-late February in the southern region. There was no statistically significant difference in seed crude oil content. The content of oleic acid (C18:1) decreased, but that of linoleic acid (C18:2) and of linolenic acid (C18:3) increased significantly depending on the sowing date.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2021

This study predicted waxy corn harvest date in South Korea using 30-year (1991-2020) hindcasts (1-6 month lead) produced by the Pusan National University Coupled General Circulation Model (PNU CGCM)-Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) chain. To estimate corn harvest date, the cumulative temperature is used, which accumulated the daily observed and predicted temperatures from the seeding date (5 April) to the reference temperature (1,650~2,200℃) for harvest. In terms of the mean air temperature, the hindcasts with a bias correction (20.2℃) tends to have a cold bias of about 0.1℃ for the 6 months (April to September) compared to the observation (20.3℃). The harvest date derived from bias-corrected hindcasts (DOY 187~210) well simulates one from observation (DOY 188~211), despite a slight margin of 1.1~1.3 days. The study shows the possibility of obtaining the gridded (5 km) daily temperature and corn harvest date information based on the cumulative temperature in advance for all regions of South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine residual characteristics of soil-treated metalaxyl-M and dinotefuran in crown daisy and to evaluate the risks from intake of the residual pesticides in the crop. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pesticide granules were treated in soil on two levels, and the plants samples were collected 51 days after seeding. The analytes were extracted and partitioned using the QuEChERS extraction packet (MgSO₄ 4 g, NaCl 1 g). The quantitative methods for metalaxyl-M and dinotefuran were validated in linearity, accuracy, and precision. Risk assessments of the pesticides were performed using Korea national nutrition statistics 2019. CONCLUSION(S): The residual concentrations of metalaxyl-M in crown daisy were 0.09-0.10 mg/kg (for the treatment at 6 kg/10 a) and 0.17-0.19 mg/kg (12 kg/10 a), respectively. The residual concentrations of dinotefuran in the crop were 0.53-0.75 mg/kg (3 kg/10 a) and 1.17-1.26 mg/kg (6 kg/10 a). The amounts of pesticides were less than MRL (Maximum Residue Limits) according to the Korean MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). The HI (Hazard Index) of metalaxyl-M and dinotefuran for consumers was 0.0075% and 0.2250%, respectively. For females in the age between 50-64, the major consumer group, the HIs of the pesticides were <3%. Considering the consumption of crown daisy, they are not considered to be of toxicological concern.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 1991

The root-mat formation of infant rice seedlings (8- to 10-day-old) is sometime not enough for machine transplanting because of the too-short nursery period. This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of metalaxyl seed-soaking treatment in the mixed solution of metalaxyl, seed disinfectant and insectcides on the root-mat formation of infant rice seedling in machine transplanting. The rice seeds of Odaebyeo were soaked in the mixed solution of metalaxyl, prochloraz and insectcides. with the recommended concentrations for 24 hours at room temperature. Seeding rate was 220g per seed tray (30 x 60 x 3cm). Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder), a fungicide. was used in 1. 000 times dilution as a promoting substance on the root-mat formation. Generally, the metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly increased the root number and length, and rooting activity of infant rice seedlings as compared with the control, thus the root-mat formation was excellent. When the rice seeds were sterilized by the mixed solution of prochloraz and insectcides, metalaxyl could be used together for increasing root-mat rormation of infant rice seedlIngs due to no interaction among agro-chemicals used. Seedling damping-off and physiological seedling rot were also controled in the seedlings of metalaxy-treated seeds. The root-mat of metalxyl-treated seeds had higher hardness and tension than control in terms of physical properties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1992

The duration of raising seedling of infant rice seedling(IRS) in machine transplanting is 8 to 10 days. This experiment was conducted to investigate the minimum duration of IRS's raising seedling and its method by the combination of several treatments such as plant growth regulator, root-break-seat and temperature. The rice seeds of Hwaseongbyeo was soaked in the solution of metalaxyl for 24 hours at room temperature. Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder), a fungicide, was used in 1, 000 times dilution as a promting substance on the root-mat formation of IRS. The application of fungicide in the nursery soil for the controlling of damping-off and physiologyical seedling rot was omitted due to the metalaxyl seed-soaking treatment. Seeding rate was 220g per seed tray (30$\times$60$\times$3cm). To promote the root-mat formation of IRS, the sheets of polyethylene vinyl and absorptive paper were placed bottom the seed tray. The root-mat formation of IRS was promoted at higher temperature and longer duration of raising seedling. The metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly increased the root length and rooting activity of IRS as compared with the control, thus the root-mat formation was excellent. The absorptive paper with polyethylene vinyl as root-break-seat showed a better root-mat formation compared with control, polyethylene vinyl, alone. The minimum duration of raising seedling of IRS was 5 days after sowing based on the root-mat formation and seedling height under the condition of metalaxyl seed treatment, absorptive paper with polyethylene vinyl as a root-break-seat and the raising seedling temperature 30/2$0^{\circ}C$ (day /night).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGR) on the root -mat formation of infant seedling (8- to 10-day-old seedling) of rice in machine transplanting. The rice seeds of Odaebyeo were socked in water with different concentrations of PGRs for 48 hours at room temperature. Seeding rate was 220 g per seed tray (30x60x3cm). Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder) was used for a fungicide. Generally, the metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly promoted the root growth of the rice seedling, while tetracy-cle, pachlobutrazol and NTN -821 reduced the seedling height and root length, and thickened the shoot diameter at higher concentation levels. Tetracycle decreased root length of the rice seedlings but increased root number per seedling, and root-mat formation was poor. Whereas, metalaxyl concentrations of 200 and 1,000 ppm markedly increased root length and number of root hairs without decreasing root number, thus root-mat formation was excellent. The optimum concentration of metalaxyl seed treatment to increase the root-mat formation of infant seedling of rice was about 200 ppm. Metalaxyl seed treatment could be advanced one to two days of the duration of root-mat formation compared with control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1988

The objective of this paper was to examine the oxygen requriement of rice seeds when the seeds were germinating under the water. The trial was carried out in the laboratory with the different water temperature (25$^{\circ}C$, 17$^{\circ}C$) in the Crop Experiment Station, Suwon. The tested varieties were 6 in japonica and 6 in indica (I) ${\times}$ japonica (J). In the 25$^{\circ}C$ water temperature rice seeds absorbed more dissolved oxygen (DO) and germinating duration was shorter than in the 17$^{\circ}C$ water temperature. DO uptake of japonica rice seeds was faster than that of indica ${\times}$ japonica rice seeds, and the germinating ratio of japonica rice seeds was higher than that of I${\times}$J rice seeds in the water. DO requirements of germinating rice seeds in the water were average 82.4 ${\mu}$g per seed up to coleoptile appearance and average 123.6 ${\mu}$g per seed up to appearance of radicle in the japonica varieties, but I${\times}$J varieties were 96.9 ${\mu}$g and 145.1 ${\mu}$g respectively. Especially when the rice seeds were germinated in the water, length of coleoptile and radicle of japonica rice were significantly longer than those of I${\times}$J rice varieties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.459-463
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• 2001

Changes of rice yield and soil physicochemical properties of the dry-seeded rice-barley double cropping system were investigated for 10 years from 1990 to 1999. Generally, seedling stand was more unstable in the rice-barley cropping system regardless of barley straw addition or removal than in the rice single cultivation as indicated by higher standard deviation of seedling stand across year. Rice yield in rice-barley double cropping cultivation was increased due to barley straw application starting from the second year, recording 2 to 19％ increase (average of 9％ for 10 years) due to higher spikelet number. Protein content and Mg/K equivalent ratio were similiar among the barley straw applied field, rice single crop and barley straw removed plots. Also, amylose content was not significantly different among cropping patterns. Physicochemical properties of soil was improved by applying the barley straw; soil porosity was higher and content of organic matter and cation exchange capacity of Ca increased but those of Mg and K did not differ.