• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2006

A virus causing chlorotic ringspot, yellow mosaic and vein clearing symptoms was prevalent on mungbean plants around Taean, Korea. The isolate caused mosaic on Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Phaseolus vulgaris and Vida laba but no symptoms on peanut plants. Inclusion bodies such as scroll, pinwheel and laminated aggregates induced by the virus in the host cells were similar to those produced by members of the Potyvirus subdivision III. Multiple alignment as well as cluster dendrograms of the 709 nucleotide region comprising part of the coat protein gene and 3'untranslated region (UTR) showed that the isolate belongs to the BCMV-PSt subgroup. Altogether, these results support the identification of the causal virus as peanut stripe strain of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV-PSt).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 1992

To prevent food-poisoning outbreaks by Vibrio vulnificus the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) was examined. Minimal inhibitory concentration (in vitro) for the microorganism was found to be 50∼100 ppm. Transmission electron micrographs of Vibrio vulnificus showed the biocidal action of this natural antimicrobial agent would be related to specific respiratory effect coupled with the destruction of permeable function of microbial cell membrane. After Anguilla japonica GFSE-injected to the body was incubated in the seawater contaminated by Vibrio vulnifiucs the fish meats were taken up, mixed with control diet and used as a diet in the feeding experiment. In this experiment the effect of GFSE treated with fish muscle on body weight, protein efficiency ratio, serum enzymes and serum blood components of broiler chicks was investigated. It is proved from this study that there is neither Vibriosis nor toxicity associated with GFSE itself an fish meats treated with it when it is injected to the fish body at a level of 250 ppm or less.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2000

We investigate the effects of the power and wavelength of externally injection seeded light on timing jitter and pulse width in a gain-switched $1.55\mu\textrm{m}$ DFB semiconductor laser by numerical simulation based on the transmission line laser model. As external seeding power increases, the timing jitter decreases and the pulse width increases. The lowest timing jitter is observed when the seed wavelength is aligned with the chirped spectrum center. By external seeding, we can decrease the timing jitter up to 1/2.7 without noticeable increase in pulse width. Our simulation results reasonably well agree with our sampled experiment and the other published papers. This proves the validity of our model to analyze a system based on a semiconductor laser. laser.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.63-67
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• 2014

A distributed zero-beamforming based cooperative jamming technique is useless when an eavesdropper detects the sharing seed. In addition, the currently alternatives are very limited when the eavesdropper is located nearby a source for wiretapping. This letter presents a solution to this extreme case. Relay randomly generates and transmits a binary jamming message to both source and destination in the first phase. When these two receivers securely and correctly decode the message, the source creates and transmits another message based on the use of exclusive-or for its information message and the decoded message. Consequently, the next transmission can avoid the eavesdropping.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 1989

An eutectic melt in the system(Bi2O3)0.85·(Nb2O5)0.15-6Bi2O3·SiO2 was unidirectionally solidfield at a rate of 0.5mm/h under a thermal gradient of 100℃/cm. Double crucibles and seed crystal plate were used in order to botain the composite crystals which had uniform microstructure throughout the ingot. The obtained composite crystals showed uniform microstructure, in which needle-like δ-(Bi2O3)0.85·(Nb2O5)0.15 crystals were arrayed in parallel in a matrix of γ-6Bi2O3·SiO2 single crystal. It was found that the <110> direction of δ-(Bi2O3)0.85·(Nb2O5)0.15 crystal was essentially parallel to the <111> direction of γ-6Bi2O3·SiO2 crystal in the composite crystals. A transverse thin plate of the composite crystals showed a high resolution optical transmission like an optical fiber array, and sharp chatoyancy was observed in the cabochon shaped composite crystals. Then, this may be useful for applications such as screen of a cathode ray tube or artificial cat's eye gem stones.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1817-1827
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• 2014

As a new type of wireless network, Ad hoc network does not depend on any pre-founded infrastructure, and it has no centralized control unit. The computation and transmission capability of each node are limited. In this paper, a self-updating one-time password mutual authentication protocol for Ad hoc network is proposed. The most significant feature is that a hash chain can update by itself smoothly and securely through capturing the secure bit of the tip. The updating process does not need any additional protocol or re-initialization process and can be continued indefinitely to give rise to an infinite length hash chain, that is, the times of authentication is unlimited without reconstructing a new hash chain. Besides, two random variable are added into the messages interacted during the mutual authentication, enabling the protocol to resist man-in-the-middle attack. Also, the user's identity information is introduced into the seed of hash chain, so the scheme achieves anonymity and traceability at the same time.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2362-2364
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• 2009

We report Pt hexapod nanoparticles with $6.4\;{\sim}\;9.7$ nm in size by a polyol process in the presence of PVP as a stabilizer and additive as a kinetic controller. The structure and morphology of Pt nanostructures are confirmed by field-emission transmission electron microscopy. The morphological control over platinum nanoparticles is achieved by varying the amount of seeds in the polyol process, where platinum precursor is reduced by ethylene glycol to form Pt nanoparticle at $150\;{^{\circ}C}$. As volume ratio between precursor-solution and seed-solution is increased from 10 to 50, the shape of Pt nanostructures is evolved from small seeds to tripod and hexapod. In addition, the size-controlled platinum hexapod nanostructures are successfully obtained using seeding method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.425-430
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• 2014

Amyloidogenic proteins often exhibit fibrillar polymorphism through alternative assembly processes, which has been considered to have possible pathological implications. Here, firefly luciferase (LUC) is shown to induce amyloid polymorphism of ${\alpha}$-synuclein, the major constituent of Lewy bodies found in Parkinson's disease, by acting as a novel template. The drastically accelerated fibrillation kinetics of ${\alpha}$-synuclein with LUC required the nucleation center produced by the active enzyme of LUC. Fluorescent dye binding, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed the morphologically distinctive amyloid fibrils of ${\alpha}$-synuclein prepared in the absence or presence of LUC. As the altered morphological characteristics became inherent to the mature fibrils, those properties were inherited to next-generations via nucleation-dependent fibrillation process. The seed control, therefore, would be an effective means to modify amyloid fibrils with different biochemical characteristics. In addition, the LUC-directed amyloid fibrillar polymorphism also suggests that other cellular biomolecules including enzymes in general are able to diversify amyloid fibrils, which could be self-propagated with diversified biological activities, if any, inside cells.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.228-232
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• 2019

Copper electroplating and electrode patterning using a screen printer are applied instead of lithography for heterostructure with intrinsic thin layer(HIT) silicon solar cells. Samples are patterned on an indium tin oxide(ITO) layer using polymer resist printing. After polymer resist patterning, a Ni seed layer is deposited by sputtering. A Cu electrode is electroplated in a Cu bath consisting of $Cu_2SO_4$ and $H_2SO_4$ at a current density of $10mA/cm^2$. Copper electroplating electrodes using a screen printer are successfully implemented to a line width of about $80{\mu}m$. The contact resistance of the copper electrode is $0.89m{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$, measured using the transmission line method(TLM), and the sheet resistance of the copper electrode and ITO are $1{\Omega}/{\square}$ and $40{\Omega}/{\square}$, respectively. In this paper, a screen printer is used to form a solar cell electrode pattern, and a copper electrode is formed by electroplating instead of using a silver electrode to fabricate an efficient solar cell electrode at low cost.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.4372-4394
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• 2020

The distribution of popular videos incurs a large amount of traffic at the base stations (BS) of networks. Device-to-multi-device (D2MD) communication has emerged an efficient radio access technology for offloading BS traffic in recent years. However, traditional studies have focused on synchronous user requests whereas asynchronous user requests are more common. Hence, offloading BS traffic in case of asynchronous user requests while considering their time-varying characteristics and the quality of experience (QoE) of video request users (VRUs) is a pressing problem. This paper uses social stability (SS) and video loading duration (VLD)-tolerant property to group VRUs and seed users (SUs) to offload BS traffic. We define the average amount of data transmission (AADT) to measure the network's capacity for offloading BS traffic. Based on this, we formulate a time-varying bipartite graph matching optimization problem. We decouple the problem into two subproblems which can be solved separately in terms of time and space. Then, we propose the socially aware D2MD user selection (SA-D2MD-S) algorithm based on finite horizon optimal stopping theory, and propose the SA-D2MD user matching (SA-D2MD-M) algorithm to solve the two subproblems. The results of simulations show that our algorithms outperform prevalent algorithms.