• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the effects and optimum concentrantion of chemical mutagens, colchicine, EMS (ethyl methan sulfonate), MNU (1-methyl-3-1­-nitrosoguanidinenitro), sodium azide $(NaN_3)$ for induction of mutant plants. In order to induce the mutants of Dianthus superbus L, immature seed were pre-soaked in the warter adding each mutagens and concentration of EMS, colchicine, MNU, and sodium azide $(NaN_3)$. Comparision of morphological characteristic and seed germination in each mutant plants differed depending on mutagen sources and their concentrations. When 0.2% EMS were treated on seed, germination decreased to 12% while untreated control was germinated 76.6% for twenty days. Treatments of colchicine appeared higher germination than other mutagen but not survived. The survival rate was extremely decreased in MNU treatment at 0.5mM and chlorophyll-mutant plantlets were obtained by sodium azide treatment at 0.2mM. Chlorophyll mutants were produced by pre-soaking the immature seed of Dianthus superbus L. with mutagen, sodium azide. The control plants appeared normal green leaf color, while mutant plant after mutagenic treatment of immature seed results in yellow­-green stripes and albino in normal green leaf tissue. RAPD was carried out to check the genetic modification of regenerated plants by mutagen treatments at 0.2mM sodium azide. Three polymorphic DNA fragments out of thirty-seven obtained by RAPDs were observed in regenerated plants using five decamer primers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.723-727
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• 2003

[ $Sr_xBa_{1-x}Nb_2O_6$ ] (SBN, $0.25{\leq}x{\leq}0.75$) ceramic is a ferroelectric material with tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) type structure, which has a high pyroelectric coefficient and a nonlinear electro-optic coefficient value. In spite of its advantages, SBN has not been investigated well compared to other ferroelectric materials with perovskite structure. In this study, SBN thin film was manufactured by ion beam sputtering technique using the prepared SBN target in $Ar/O_2$ atmosphere. SBN30 thin film of $1000{\AA}$ was pre-deposited as a seed layer on $Pt(100)/TiO_2/SiO_2/Si$ substrate followed by SBN60 deposition up to $3000{\AA}$ in thickness. As-deposited SBN60/SBN30 layer was heat-treated at different temperatures of 650, 700, 750, and $800^{\circ}C$ in air, respectively The crystallinity and orientation behavior as well as electric properties of SBN60/SBN30 multi-layer were examined. The deposited layer was uniform and the orientation was shown primarily along (001) plane from XRD pattern. There was no difference in the crystal structure with heat-treatment temperature, but the electric properties depended on the heating temperature and was the best at $750^{\circ}C$. In electric properties of Pt/SBN60/SBN30/Pt thin film capacitor prepared, the remnant polarization (2Pr) value was $15{\mu}C/cm^2$, the coercive field (Ec) 75 kV/cm, and the dielectric constant 1075, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2006

To investigate the relationships among the traits related seed dormancy in rice, viviparous germination, dry-heat tolerance and seed longevity were tested using 164 M/G RILs ($F_{17}$) derived from the cross between Milyang 23 (Indica/Japonica) and Gihobyeo (Japonica). At 40 days after heading, the viviparous germination rates of Milyang 23 and Gihobyeo were 0.0 and 7.0%, respectively. The averaged viviparous germination rate of 164 MIG RILs was 3.2%, and their range was from 0.0 to 50.9%. In dry-heat treatment at $90^{\circ}C$ for 24 h followed by the pre-drying at $40^{\circ}C$ for 2 days, Milyang 23 showed higher germinability (98.6%,2.7 days to $T_{50}$) than Gihobyeo (37.6%, 12.9 days to $T_{50}$), and the mean germination rate of 164 M/G RILs was 72.4%. In 54 months after harvest, the germinability in Milyang 23 and Gihobyeo were 90% and 0%, and 71 lines among 164 M/G RILs showed the germinability over 90%. The relationship between seed longevity and dry-heat tolerance was linearly correlated with high positive correlation coefficient. The relationships between seed longevity and viviparous germination, and viviparous germination and dry-heat tolerance were linearly correlated with high negative correlation coefficient. Milyang 23 had higher tolerance against high dry-heat, viviparous germination and long-term storage than Gihobyeo, and 164 M/G RILs showed the medium values of parents.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.436-447
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• 2006

Recently, there is increasing demand on enhancing the efficiency of hydro-seed spraying in afforestation for damaged or degraded land including forest road slopes. In this study, we focus on how seed coating and molding may affect seed germination and seedling growth. Plant species used in the study are Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, Arudineila hirta, Poa pratensis, and Lolium perenne. The results of seed germination and seedling growth with and without seed coating and molding are analyzed as follows: 1. For all the species and in both seeding with molding covered with soil and seeding without molding in which seeds were over sown, the increment of germination ratio by seed coating method is greater than by non·coating one. Seed coating increases average germination ratios observed in seeding with molding and without molding by 11.2% and 21.4%, respectively. Germination force may decrease from 0.8 to 3.7 days depending on the plant species and the treatments. The $LD_{50}$ decreased by $0.8{\sim}2.6$ days. However, seed coating delays the start of germination by approximate 1 day for all of the observed plants. 2. Seed coating may have the effect of accelerating the growth of stem and leaf and root. The experimental result shows that seed coating leads to 21.7% and 34.8% increment of average stem and leaf growth by seeding with molding and without molding, respectively. In terms of root growth, seeding with molding results in 22.0% increment while seeding without molding produces 26.2% increased root growth. 3: Compared to seeding without molding, germination starts on an average of 1.3 days later in seeding coated seeds with molding. However. the germination ratio is increased by 5%, and germination force and $LD_{50}$ are observed to shorten by 1.0 day and 1.4 days, respectively. Meanwhile, whether seeds are coated or not may be more related with germination and seedling growth in seeding without molding than with those in seeding with molding. 4. In this study, coating materials are examined to look at which ones are better in each treatment. Coating with Vermiculite+Talcum is the most effective in germination and seedling growth for overall plants. Seed coating using Bentonite, Calcium Carbonate, and Calcium Hydroxide shows better results than non-coating does. 5. When seeds are coated, the greatest enhancement of seed germinations was observed in Indigofera pseudotinctoria and, in the case of seedling growth, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya has the most increasing observation value among the 5 examined species. These results may indicate that woody plant seeds, having greater sizes of seeds than ones of grass seeds, may have greater relation with seed coating than grass plant seeds may have. 6. Therefore, if seeds cannot be molded up after hydro-seeding on forest road slopes, it is recommended that seeds for restoration be pre-coated with Vermiculite+Talcum and then be sowed, in order to quickly stabilize the damaged slope and achieve successful afforestation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of seed pre-treatments and pellet coating materials to enhance the efficiency of large-scale propagation of Aster koraiensis seeds were investigated. Seeds were immersed in water for one day, and only those that sank were used for pre-treatment to use filled seeds. Pre-treatments were divided into hormone treatments, with gibberellic acid (GA₃; 200 and 500 ppm) and 24-epibrassinolide (10^-6, 10^-7, and 10^-8M), and priming with potassium nitrate (100 mM of KNO₃). To produce pellet-coated seeds, pellet materials (DTCS or DTK) were applied to control (unprimed) and primed seeds with binders (PVA or CMC). The maximum germination percent (GP) of seeds before pellet coating was 65% (with the priming treatment), and there was no difference in the GP of seeds among hormone treatments. For seeds sown in a growth chamber on filter paper, GP was 41% for control (unprimed/uncoated) seeds, 65% for uncoated primed seeds, 71% for DTCS/PVA-pellet-coated seeds, and 42% for DTK/CMC-pellet-coated seeds. Seeds that were primed first and then pellet-coated showed greatly improved GP, mean germination time (MGT), and germination rate than seeds that were only pellet-coated. For seeds sown in commercial soil in a greenhouse, control seeds had a GP of 27%, whereas primed seeds had the highest GP (58%), and their MGT and GT were 9.4 days and 7.0%·day, respectively. In addition, DTK/PVA-pellet-coated seeds (40%) also had a GP higher than the control (27%), and their MGT was 15-27 days. For seeds sown in sandy-loam soil in a greenhouse, unprimed-pellet-coated seeds and primed-pellet-coated seeds both had GPs ranged of 39%, which were lower than that of control seeds. In general, the seeds that were pellet-coated with DTK had a higher GP than those pellet-coated with DTCS. Furthermore, the MGT of unprimed-pellet-coated seeds was 15.0-19.8 days, which was longer than the MGT of primed-pellet-coated seeds. These results suggest that priming enhances seedling emergence of Aster koraiensis seeds. Moreover, when priming is combined with pellet coating, DTK is a more suitable pellet material than DTCS, and PVA and CMC are equally suitable adhesives.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on reducing the ocular symptoms and signs for dry eye syndrome. Methods: The participants who were aged ≥ 40 years old and met the inclusion criteria of the ocular surface disease index score ≥ 13 and a tear film break-up time ≤ 10 seconds were enrolled into the two groups: experimental group (n=29) and control group (n=27). Experimental group received auricular acupressure therapy for 8 weeks. Seed stickers were applied to the eye, liver and tubercle point of each ear once a week. Data were collected at pre and 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment and analysed the efficacy of intervention by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences in the ocular surface disease index, standard patient evaluation of eye dryness and a tear film break-up time in both eyes at 8 weeks after the treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the auricular acupressure therapy may be helpful for relieving symptoms of dry eye as a nursing intervention. In addition, it could also be utilized as a self-care practice using proper education and training.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effects of temperature and shading on germination and early growth of Pimpinella brachycarpa. Experiment was performed by temperature controls ($5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$) and shading treatments (control, 35% shading, 50% shading, and 75% shading). Seed pre-treatment before the germination experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatments for 0day, 20days, and 40days). Seeds of P. brachycarpa were, 20days of seed pre-treatment, germinated well at $5^{\circ}C$ and the more temperature went up, the more germination rate went down. As a result of surveying shading treatments, the height, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width etc were the highest (7.3cm, $12.8cm^2$, 5.4cm, and 2.3cm, respectively) under 50% shading. Specially, the root was grown well under 35% and 50% shading. Fresh weight of shoot (leaves+stem) was the highest under 50% and 75% shading and dry weight of shoot (leaves+stem) was the highest under 35% and 50% shading. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that the production of P. brachycarpa seedling is more effective under 50% shading.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.274-283
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• 2020

Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait in which seeds do not germinate under unfavorable environmental conditions. Low dormancy seeds are easily germinated under optimal environmental conditions, and these characteristics greatly reduce the yield and quality of crops. In the present study, we compared the pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) rate of two cultivars, Joun and Jopyeong, using the Winkler scale after heading day and temperature of the test. The PHS rate increased as the Winkler scale after heading day increased from 700℃ to 1100℃ and the temperature of the test increased. In all conditions, the PHS rate of Jopyeong was higher than that of Joun. RNA-sequencing was used to analyze the cause of the high PHS rate. We analyzed the biological metabolic processes related to the abscisic acid (ABA) metabolite pathway using the KEGG mapper with selected differentially expressed genes in PHS seeds. We found that the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes (OsNCEDs) was down-regulated and that ABA catabolic genes (OsCYP707As) was up-regulated in PHS seeds. However, the quantitative real-time PCR results showed that Joun had a higher expression of OsNCEDs than that of Jopyeong, but OsCYP707As did not yield a significant result. Joun displayed higher ABA content than that of Jopyeong not only during ripeness time but also during PHS treatment. Taken together, we provided evidence that the ABA content remaining in the seed is important to the PHS rate, which is determined by the expression level of the ABA biosynthesis gene OsNCEDs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

To obtain multi-shoot using zygotic embryos dissected from ginseng seed, the embryos were cultured on MS medium supplemented with CPA and BA. Effective multi-shoot induction was achieved on 0.5mg/ t CPA and 1.0mg/ t BA treatment. Among the various plant growth regulator treatment, MS basal medium with 1mg/ t 2,4-D and 0.5mg/ t kinetin was more competent and could be induced 4∼6 shoots per one embryo. Also, the best condition for pre-embryoid induction from ginseng cotyledon so as to ginseng transformation appeared to 1mg/ t 2,4-D and 0.5mg/ t kinetin treatment. The kanamycin level to select transformants varied greatly by different explant tyues. The petiole explants with leaf and embryo could survived up to 100$\mu\textrm{g}$ / ml kanamycin concentration where as petiole explants without leaf died all at the level. Conclusionally, our results suggest that optimum kanamycin concentration for ginseng transformation using somatic embryos is about 75∼100$\mu\textrm{g}$ / ml concentration.