• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.104-118
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties base on maturity group (MG) and to find character relationships according to planting date for high quality soybean seed production adapted to early season cultivation environment of Miryang. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol (3 cultivars), belonged to Group 0; Seonnok and Danmi in Group II, Shinrok in Group III, Seonyu (17 cultivars), in Group IV, Taekwang (44 cultivars) in Group V, Daewon (25 cultivars) in Group VI, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in Group VII. Agronomic characteristics of 100 soybean varieties were compared based on MG, cultivation year and seeding date. Soybean varieties belonging to the MG $VI{\sim}VII$ showed longer days to flowering and growth period, high lodging density and higher yield. Seed quality analysis revealed that as maturity was delayed, seed weight becomes heavier while seed cracks become abundant. In addition, occurrence of purple seed and phomopsis were higher in MG $0{\sim}III$. Protein content was higher in MG $0{\sim}III$, and isoflavone content was higher as maturity was delayed. On the other hand, lipid content was generally similar across MGs. Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationships between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG $IV{\sim}V$, seed crack and growth days in MG $0{\sim}III$, seed crack and days to flowering in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, seed crack and lodging in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, seed crack and seed weight in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, purple seed and growth days in MG $IV{\sim}V$, purple seed and seed weight in MG $VI{\sim}VII$, phomopsis and growth days in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, and phomopsis and purple seed in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG $0{\sim}III$. Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationships between days to flowering and growth days in MG $0{\sim}III$ and MG $IV{\sim}V$, whereas positive relationships were obtained on MG $VI{\sim}VII$ seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in the MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$. Soybean cultivars identified as adaptable to early season planting for production of high quality soy curd and fermented soybean paste were Seonyu, Kwangdu, and Soho while those suited for the manufacture of soybean sprouts were Sobaeknanul, Kwangan, Sowon, and Bosuk. Geomjeong 2 chosen as best for mixing with rice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.152-155
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• 2003

야생의 안동대목은 종자의 크기 및 충실도에 많은 변이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 약용 및 박과접목묘의 대목용으로 이용되고 있는 안동대목 종자의 크기 및 성숙 정도가 발아, 유묘 출현 및 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 안동대목 종자의 발아율 및 유묘출현율은 미성숙 종자에 비하여 성숙 종자에서 높았다. 그러나 종자의 크기에 따른 발아율은 성숙 종자와 미성숙 종자 모두 대립종자에 비하여 중립 또는 소립종자에서 높았던 반면, 유묘출현율은 중립종자에서 가장 높고 대립종자에서 가장 낮았다. 종자 크기와 성숙 정도가 유묘 형태 및 생장에 미치는 영향으로는 하배축 길이를 제외한 초장, 본엽수, 자엽 및 본엽의 면적은 종자 크기가 클수록 길고 많았던 반면, 종자의 성숙 정도간에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 각 부위 및 전체 건물중은 미성숙 대립종자보다는 성숙 대립종자에서, 성숙 유무에 관계없이 종자의 크기가 클수록 많았다

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2011

Many studies have suggested the positive effects of grazing by large herbivorous mammals on seed dispersal, but little is known about how herbivores could affect the fate of ingested seeds. This study examined the effects of seed ingestion by sika deer (Cervus nippon) on seed fate in a temperate grassland established in an urban park long resided by high densities of sika deer. I compared species composition and seasonal traits of seed abundance and maturity in the grassland community with those in deer fecal pellets. In total, 27 herbaceous species were observed, including the predominant Zoysia japonica. Seed phenology and production differed among the three dominant species (Z. japonica, Digitaria violascens, and Hydrocotyle maritima). Pellets contained at least 26 species of herbaceous seeds, and their abundance differed among species. Of the 26 species, 15 were observed in the vegetation at the study site. The peak of seed abundance in pellets for the dominant species appeared 1 month after the peak of inflorescence production (but most of the inflorescences were immature and susceptible to digestion) and consequently corresponded to the peak of mature inflorescence. Because sika deer are likely to ingest seeds at any maturity stage in the grassland and immature seeds are less hardened, ingested immature seeds can suffer great losses. The results suggested that the survival of germable seeds with great losses of immature seeds may be a factor determining which plant species can be successfully dispersed by herbivores.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.959-961
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• 2011

Manure-based composts can have detrimental effects on the agricultural lands and crops if they are applied without proper stabilization process. Composting is well-known method for the stabilization of manure-based composts and the extent of composting could be examined by maturity test. Among various methods to examine compost maturity, the performances of two mechanical methods (Solvita and CoMMe-100) were examined and the test results were compared with seed germination test. The mechanical methods are considered to be simple and relatively objective. Also they are cost- and time-efficient. Ten commercially available composts collected in Korea were used for this study. Basically, the maturity determined with these mechanical methods was in good agreement with the seed germination test. However, it appeared that the index levels of compost maturity indicated more maturity by CoMMe-100 than Solvita for the same compost. The differences between maturity index levels determined by both methods were able to be minimized through extending the reaction time for CoMMe-100 and adjusting index level for maturity determination in the standard color chart.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.42-45
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• 1963

In a plant breeding program, an efficient selection of desired characters in a population is important. Generally, many agronomic characters in a given population are determined by polygenes and quantitatively inherited. In practice, the genetic relationship between two observed characters which are undoubtedly subjected to the environmental influence is difficult to identify. In recent years, many workers have attempted to understant the genetic relationship between characters in terms of genotypic correlation, and the knowledge thus gained should furnish many important and useful information for the planning of breeding, selection, and interpretation of the result. The genotypic correlation is the result of pleiotropy, linkage of genes(2, 3, 5, 6, 8) and natural or artificial selection(4). The purposes of this study were to estimate genotyric and phenotypic correlations between all possible pairs of nine characters. and to seek certain characters which may be useful as indicators of certain important agronomic characters. Weber and Moorthy(10), Johnson et al. (5) and Sheth(7) found that in general, the genotypic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations. Weiss et al. (11) obtained significant positive correlations between maturity and oil content, maturity and low protein content, and high protein content and low oil content. Weber and Moorthy(10) reported the positive genotypic correlations between flowering and maturity, yield and maturity, yield and plant height, yield and seed weight, and negative genotypic correlations between maturity and oil content, and oil content and seed weight. Johnson et al. (5) studied the genotypic and phenotypic correlations among 24 characters and concluded that selection based entirely on a long fruiting period, lateness, heavy seed, low protein, high oil and resistance to lodging would be effective in increasing yield. Sheth(7) found the following positive associations among characters; height and maturity, yield and lodging, low protein content and high oil content, and yield and low protein content. Hanson et al.(1) also reported high negative correlation between seed yield and protein content.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

The production of sweet (su) and super sweet corns (sh2) has been economically feasible in Korea in recent years. Major factors limiting super sweet corn production are low germination and low seedling vigor. Since seed quality is closely related to seed maturity, the optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet and super sweet corns was studied and the quality of seeds with varying maturities was investigated in 2001 and 2002 cropping seasons. The parents of the sweet corn seeds were Hybrid Early Sunglow and 'Golden Cross Bantam 70' and those of super sweet corn were Xtrasweet 82 and 'For­tune'. Seeds were harvested at 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days after silking (DAS). As the seeds developed, seed weight of sweet corn increased and the seed moisture content decreased faster than that of super sweet corn. Germination rates of sweet corn seeds harvested 21 and 28 DAS at $25^{\circ}C$ and emergence rates in the cold soil test were significantly lower than those of seeds harvested after 42 DAS in both years. Although the germination rates of super sweet corn seeds with varying maturities showed similar patterns as sweet corn seeds at $25^{\circ}C$, the emergence rate of super sweet corn seeds in cold soil test continuously increased with seed maturity. This suggests that seed quality of super sweet corn should be tested in a cold soil test to estimate field emergence. As the seeds developed, leakage of total sugars and electrolytes from the both sweet and super sweet corn seeds decreased up to 42 or 49 DAS. The $\alpha-amylase$ activities of both sweet and super sweet corn seeds increased with seed maturity from 21 to 35 or 49 DAS depending on genotype and year. The optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet corn was 42 DAS and 49 DAS for super sweet corn considering emergence rate and plumule dry weight in the cold soil test, leakage of sugars and electrolytes from the seeds, and $\alpha-amylase$ activity.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.108-108
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to know prospect and present state of new variety breeding of Forage and Grassland in South Korea. The industry of forage in Korea is going up to expend through utilization of good quality forage, Italian ryegrass, forage corn and oat rather than rice straw. Especially, since 2007, Italian ryegrass(IRG) had been very important major winter forage crop in South Korea and developed 13 varieties including very early maturity variety (three varieties), early maturity variety (three varieties), medium maturity variety (one variety) and late maturity variety (six varieties). But the disadvantage of Italian ryegrass was weak winter hardness and drought but has good advantage of forage nutritive value, high-yielding and high sugar content, and like livestock as like hanwoo, dairy cattle, goat so on. The Ko-variety (Korea developed variety) of Italian ryegrass has high cold-tolerant and adaptability more than any other country developed variety, and expend to cultivation area from southern area (below Daejeon) to middle-northern area (upper Han river). Although the cultivation area of Italian ryegrass of South Korea was 21,700 ha in 2007, right now, that of Italian ryegrass is about 123,600ha due to expend cultivation area and know famer to good forage crop and have a various maturity varieties (very early, early, medium, late) according to local situation (before-crop harvesting stage or double cropping system). The seed market of Italian ryegrass in South Korea becoming extended to around 100 million Korean won and seed export get nearer to foreign country. We are going to develop of new variety for stress tolerant and high yield and quality forage variety, good adaptability to the Korean environmental conditions including reclaimed area, make self-sufficiency system for forage seed (Italian ryegrass), export our seed to foreign countries.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1989

Tes ratablish a liawn Zoysia' Japonica Steud. with seeds. a experiment was conducted for the invrati ignt ic in oil seed's physic sit ogical maturity. The rt.sultt an' Summarized as follows: 1. The point of maximum weight off 1000 seeds and 100 seedling, germination speed and germination percentage were reached at 30 day. after anthesis. it would be considered as physiological maturity of Zoysia japonica seed. 2. The seeds moistures contents at physiological maturity was decreased in 18%. 3. Germination vigor deteriorated prior to viability. 4. The seeds were capable of germination in 3:4% at 10 days after anthesis. 5. Field deterioration of seeds occurer from 40 (lays after anthesis to 60 days and sprouted seedilng vigor was very poor.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.420-425
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• 1994

올콩의 수확시기에 따른 품질변화를 밝히고자, 대립종인 Yuhsuzumi와 소립종인 담양재내를 공시하여 수확시기별 종실의 수분함량, 입색, 발아율, 지방산 조성 등을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 협과 종실의 수분함량은 R7단계 전후까지는 협의 수분함량이 뚜렷이 높았으나, R8단계 이후에는 종실의 수분함량이 협보다 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 종실의 수분함량이 14%(종실 수분함량으로 본 수확적기) 내외가 되는 시점은 Yuhsuzumi에서는 생리적 성숙기(R7단계)로부터 24일, 담양재내는 8일이 소요되었다. 2. R8단계(고유 성숙협색기)에서 종실의 수분함량은 대립종인 Yuhsuzumi는 25.3%, 소립종인 담양재내는 14.5%를 나타내어 R8단계에 수확시 Yuhsuzumi는 철저한 건조과정이 필요하였다. 3. 수확기 지연에 의하여 Yuhsuzumi는 청색의 종실이 황변하고 입질이 저하되어 발아력이 낮아졌으나, 담양재내는 입질과 발아력의 차이가 없었다. 4. 수확기 지연에 의하여 Yuhsuzumi는 지방산 함량이 낮아졌고, 지방산 조성에 있어서는 Lino-lenic 산은 낮아지고 Oleic산은 증가되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 1996

1. 종피에 함유된 anthocyanin은 1% HCl-Methanol 용액에 3회 추출하는 것이 가장 효과적이었고, anthocyanin함량은 수집계통별로 매우 다양하였으며, 종피 색깔별로는 흑색계통의 anthocyanin함량이 평균 15.07$ extperthousand$로 가장 높았던 반면 갈색 아주까리형 계통이 0.31$\textperthousand$로 가장 낮았다. 2. 수집 흑색종피 계통중 종피내 자엽색깔별 평균 anthocyanin은 대체로 녹색자엽을 가진 계통이 황색 자엽계통에 비해 높았고, 성숙기가 늦은 계통일수록 anthocyanln이 많이 축적되는 경향을 나타내었으며, 100립중, 개화일수 및 생육일수가 anthocyanin함량에 정의 상관을 보인 반면 결실일수와는 고도의 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 3. 수집 흑색종피 계통을 성숙기군별로 분류한 결과 대부분이 V 및 Ⅵ군에 속하였고 생육일수가 비교적 긴 Ⅵ군이 V군에 비해 anthocyanin함량이 상대적으로 높은 경향이었으며, 파종기별 anthocyanin함량은 5월 15일 에 파종하였을 경우 가장 높았다.