• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2011

This paper evaluated types and characteristics of development projects occurred in coastal area (Public Water) by analyzing an application status of Sea Area Utilization Conference System that effective protect and manage marine environment and ecosystem from various artificial utilization and development enforced in 2008. Also, system improvement for stable settlement and security of efficiency considering exposed problems during system enforcement were diagnosed. The number of Sea Area Utilization Conference (SAUC) performanced during the period of 2009-2010 was 3,705, which consisted of simple SAUC (87.0%), general SAUC (12.8%), and Sea Area Utilization Impact Assessment (SAUIC; 0.2%). The general SAUC was accomplished for Public Water reclamation (43.4%), seawater supply and drainage (17.5%), dredging sediment (5.5%), installation of port facilities (4.6%) and fishing harbor facilities (2.3%), and others (23.4%). Statements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) were reviewed mainly for construction of port facilities (32.9%), followed by construction of industrial complex, development of tourism and leisure complex, road construction, and development of energy facilities. It would be necessary to strengthen effectiveness of the system, advertisement, and capability of conference and review agency, and to enhance confidence of marine EIA continuously, according to the increase of development projects, and diversity and enlargement of development types.

• Maritime Security
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-60
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• 2023

This study proposes a new convergence weapon system that combines the covert placement and detection abilities of a self-propelled mobile mine with the rapid tracking and attack abilities of supercavitating rocket torpedoes. This innovative system has been designed to counter North Korea's new underwater weapon, 'Haeil'. The concept behind this convergence weapon system is to maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of each weapon type. Self-propelled mobile mines, typically placed discreetly on the seabed or in the water, are designed to explode when a vessel or submarine passes near them. They are generally used to defend or control specific areas, like traditional sea mines, and can effectively limit enemy movement and guide them in a desired direction. The advantage that self-propelled mines have over traditional sea mines is their ability to move independently, ensuring the survivability of the platform responsible for placing the sea mines. This allows the mines to be discreetly placed even deeper into enemy lines, significantly reducing the time and cost of mine placement while ensuring the safety of the deployed platforms. However, to cause substantial damage to a target, the mine needs to detonate when the target is very close - typically within a few yards. This makes the timing of the explosion crucial. On the other hand, supercavitating rocket torpedoes are capable of traveling at groundbreaking speeds, many times faster than conventional torpedoes. This rapid movement leaves little room for the target to evade, a significant advantage. However, this comes with notable drawbacks - short range, high noise levels, and guidance issues. The high noise levels and short range is a serious disadvantage that can expose the platform that launched the torpedo. This research proposes the use of a convergence weapon system that leverages the strengths of both weapons while compensating for their weaknesses. This strategy can overcome the limitations of traditional underwater kill-chains, offering swift and precise responses. By adapting the weapon acquisition criteria from the Defense force development Service Order, the effectiveness of the proposed system was independently analyzed and proven in terms of underwater defense sustainability, survivability, and cost-efficiency. Furthermore, the utility of this system was demonstrated through simulated scenarios, revealing its potential to play a critical role in future underwater kill-chain scenarios. However, realizing this system presents significant technical challenges and requires further research.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2007

Objectives: The research was aimed at analyzing the contents of university intranet for systematically execution of the healthy information provision and healthy consultation services from 2000 January to 2004 December. Methods: We have analyzed 300(28.3%) the instances of accomplished health consultation cases from the whole 1,059 instances which were the replied in a university intranet. Results: According to the contents of health consultation in ICPC code, a general symptom 91 cases(30.3%) was most, muscle-skeletal system 44 cases(14.7%), and digestive system 43 cases(14.3%) in order of cases of health counselling. The symptoms and complaint with 155 cases(51.7%) were most in the distribution of the health counselling contents by 17 charter of ICPC. The most common reason of counselling by 17 charter of ICPC were as follows; questions about the symptom and diagnosis(118 cases, 39.3%), the preventive and treatment methods(91 cases, 30.0%), and medical fee(20cases, 6.7%) in order. We mainly answer on the content of health counselling were as follows; make an offer of medical information and knowledge(48.3%), recommend visit clinic or hospital(23.7%), guide to treatment(12.7%), and so on. Conclusions: This research showed that the program of health counselling may not meet completely the high quality and adequate distribution of health counselling by the intranet in a university by content analysis. The finding suggests that health counselling by intranet in a university may be used to supplement of systemic improvement on the intranet Q/A format from current lack of essential health information and security for the quality of the health counselling.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.9C
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• pp.861-870
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• 2002

In this paper, with targeting on the drawback of RSA of operation speed, a new 1024-bit RSA cryptosystem has been proposed and implemented in hardware to increase the operational speed and perform the variable-length encryption. The proposed cryptosystem mainly consists of the modular exponentiation part and the modular multiplication part. For the modular exponentiation, the RL-binary method, which performs squaring and modular multiplying in parallel, was improved, and then applied. And 4-stage CSA structure and radix-4 booth algorithm were applied to enhance the variable-length operation and reduce the number of partial product in modular multiplication arithmetic. The proposed RSA cryptosystem which can calculate at most 1024 bits at a tittle was mapped into the integrated circuit using the Hynix Phantom Cell Library for Hynix 0.35㎛ 2-Poly 4-Metal CMOS process. Also, the result of software implementation, which had been programmed prior to the hardware research, has been used to verify the operation of the hardware system. The size of the result from the hardware implementation was about 190k gate count and the operational clock frequency was 150㎒. By considering a variable-length of modulus number, the baud rate of the proposed scheme is one and half times faster than the previous works. Therefore, the proposed high speed variable-length RSA cryptosystem should be able to be used in various information security system which requires high speed operation.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2007

In view of stringent environment regulations to control the emission of green house gases and also depleting fossil fuel reserves, it is high quality desirable to develop alternative technologies to produce high quality fuels. To this end Biomass to Liquid (BTL) technology has received much attention in recent years. BTL process generally consists of gasification of biomass to produce bio-syngas, cleaning and control of $H_{2}/CO$ mole ratio of bio-syngas and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis & upgrading systems. Choren, Germany has first developed the commercial BTL process using unique gasification system i.e., Carbo-V. A new technology to remove tars and BTX has been developed by ECN in Netherlands employing a gasification system combined with OLGA technology. Several other countries including USA and Japan are showing great interest in BTL technology. Thus in view of our national energy security and also the environmental regulations, it is essential to develop alternative technologies like BTL in order to meet the increasing demand of energy though our insufficient biomass resources. In this paper we present an overview and development status of BTL-diesel technology.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.105-113
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• 2019

This study investigates the toxicity characteristics of two Non-Class 1E Cables (For security reasons, we refer to company A and company B) used in nuclear power plants according to the accelerated deterioration period. In accordance with NES 713 test equipment and standards, tests were carried out on non-aged cables and the cables subjected to 20- and 40-year-accelerated-deterioration; each of the cables was further classified into sheath and insulation. The test results showed that the toxicity indices of 20- and 40-year-accelerated-aged cables were higher than those for the non-aged cables, and 20-year-aged cables of both A and B companies showed the highest toxicity indices. This is attributed to the extensive emissions of carbon monoxide and halide gases such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Furthermore, to analyze the toxicity indices of sheath and insulation in detail, the US Department of Defense standard (MIL-DTL) was applied to determine whether the Toxicity index (T.I.) allowance was exceeded, and the results showed that the insulating materials emitted considerably more than the allowable limit.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8745-8752
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• 2015

Since many accidents have occurred in Korea in these days, many people have lost their health and have been damaged. The damages caused by fires which occur to many buildings where many people always reside takes a substantial share of the total damages. And since the proportions of the domestic fire protection designing/supervising industries are relatively much disregarded compared to other kinds of work, it is in the situation that there are many cases of serious damages because the fire protection equipment didn't exert the proper functions on fire after a building is constructed since the supervision against the poor construction along with the inadequate design. In order to improve such situations, in case of the design industry, the criteria on registration and workforce placement, the scope of operation, the design documents required when requesting the agreement to the construction permits, the responsibilities and authorities about the jobs of the fire protection facility designers must be improved and, in case of supervising industry, the registration criteria, the operation scope and the kinds, methods, targets and criteria of supervision, the criteria on the additional placement of assistant supervisors, the contents and scope of work must be improved, the PQ system and Public Supervision System must be reviewed and the systems for preventing any poor supervision must be improved in order to pursue the security of the people and their properties at the same level as the other kinds of work by preparing for the firm position and foundation of the fire protection design and supervision.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.787-796
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• 2009

The electronic commerce keeps going through a tremendous growth since the latter half of 1990's. But the consumer damages are being increased from characteristics such as non-confrontation, anonymity, internationality, unilaterality and possibility of temptation. Accordingly, this thesis has derived legal and systematic improvements for consumer protection in general as follows. First of all, it is necessary to extend the period to exercise the subscription withdrawal rights according to electronic commerce consumer protection law. Second, the electronic commerce has high possibility of causing errors by consumers because it is performed by non-confrontation and the accurate information must be provided to prevent errors in advance because it is not easy for consumers to prove their own errors. Third, a certification mark system on electronic agreement has to be adopted. Fourth, the legal, systematic and technological measures have to be adopted to prevent from having a sense of fear toward leaking or using personal information through a safe personal information management. Fifth, a strict supervision on internet trust mark is required. Finally, because the intervention or interference by a third party may take place through a hacking on messages or documents sent according to procedure in terms of online settlement, it is necessary to raise security on the system through a precise authentication between concerned parties.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.425-444
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to survey evaluation of the nurse on the current Performance Appraisal System. the need for future performance of the nurse and the opinions about the job rotation, and suggest the direction of improvement by obtaining basic data to improve personnel management of the nurse in a hosipial, the subject of the investigation. The study was conducted self-reporting questionniare survey of 330 nurses working at C hospital located in Chonbuk Province and the data was collected from May 4. 1999 through May 14. The research used measuring instrument developed by researcher for evalution about the present performance appraisal. the need for the future performanc appraisal system and the opinion of job rotaion. The analysis of the collected data was computerized using SPSS/PC+ program, calculated frequency, percentage, the mean and standard deviation and used Pearson, s Correlation Coefficients, t-test, chi- square test. Major findings are as follows. 1) As for the purpose of the current performanc appraisal, the appraiser recognized it as a security of promotion standard, while the employee saw it as a means for control as guidance and supervison of work. 2) With regard to use the result of the present performance appraisal, appraiser picked ambiguous appraisal standard, employees recognized unilateral evaluation of superior eliminated the participation of them as the highest priority. 3) In relation to the current criteria for promotion of the nurse, both appraisers and employees placed more weight on the length of clinical than performance appraisal score. 4) There is much possibility of the appraiser making an error to evaluate considering the length of performance appraisal. 5) Both appraisers and employees indicated that prospective result of performance appraisal should be used for the ability development & motivation of the individual. 6) Concerning employee's participation for performance appraisal both sides wanted by far more participation. 7) Regarding the most ideal appraisal method, both parties favored most the way added up the evaluation of the head nurse and peer review and followed by the manner the revaluation of the head nurse by considering self-evaluation. 8) As to the individual interview after the appraisal, more than 60% of appraisers responded it's not necessary, while above 88.5% of employees answered it is essential so that it is showed significantly difference between the appraisers and the employees. 9) As far as open of the evaluation result is concerned. 75% of the appraiser were against it but 80% of the employee were for it so that it showed significantly between them. The most principal reason that the employee want is that it motivates the individual's ability development and the fairness of the appraisal increases. 10) Whether the periodical rotation is necessary or not, 80% of appraisers and employees answered it's necessary, however, over 70% of them did not want the rotation. 11) Work-group Cohesiveness level within the nursing unit was attentive different from desire of the rotation, that is, the work group cohesiveness level of nurses wanting rotation was significantly lower than that of the group not desiring it.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2001

Currently the oriental medical care services in the health centers is getting popularity because of their unique aspects which western medicine can not cover. This study was conducted to speculate the current status of oriental medical care services in health centers and possibility of how to effectively provide the oriental medical care services(or traditional medical care services) in health centers. For the study, the survey questionnaires were distributed to all 269 health centers and 138(51.3%) of them were collected. Eight of the collected were inadequate for the analysis and 130 of 269 questionnaires were finally chosen for the study. The SPSS/PC WIN 8.0 was used for the statistical analysis. The results are as follows. First, 91 out of 130 sample health centers(70%) are providing oriental medical care services. The results show that the willingness of the directors and the public awareness in community are the most important factors to provide oriental medical care services in health centers. In contrast, the lack of cooperative efforts between western and oriental medical doctors and the lack of government supports are considered as factors that intervene the oriental medical care services in health centers. About 80% of the sample health centers respond that the government supports is needed for oriental medical care services in health centers. Second, it was asked to the directors of 39 health centers which do not provide oriental medical care services regarding their future plan to include the services. About 70% of health centers respond that no plan is available now. They acknowledge that the demand on the services is the most important factor to consider the oriental services as their future medical services. Third, 69.2% of the oriental medical doctors in health centers are public health doctor. 95.6% of the sample health centers have space for the oriental medical care services in their facilities and some health centers provide the services through the private clinics nearby facilities. Finally, the surveyors consider both budgetary constraints and difficulty in recruiting doctors as barriers for the effective oriental medical care services in health centers. Finally, t-test and LSD were employed to find out the difference among several groups. The analysis shows statistically significant difference among groups about their recognition on health care policy, health care system, and effectiveness of oriental medical care services. To be conclude, the study shows the necessity of oriental medical care services in health centers. To do so, the government supports, cooperative efforts between oriental and western medical doctors, and providing job security for doctors should proceed to provide effective oriental medical care services in health centers.