• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

현행 도로교설계기준의 철근콘크리트 교각 심부구속 횡방향철근량 산정식은 중심축력을 받는 기둥에서 콘크리트 피복이 탈락된 후 콘크리트 심부만으로 저항하는 축강도가 콘크리트 피복이 탈락되기 이전의 축강도 이상이 되기 위하여 필요한 횡구속 철근비로서 콘크리트 압축강도, 횡방향철근 항복강도 및 단면적비율을 주요변수로 고려하고 있다. 이들 변수 중 피복두께에 따라 달라지는 전체단면적과 심부단면적의 단면적비율은 압축파괴 영역에서의 강도발현 측면을 고려한 변수이므로 교각과 같이 작용축력이 상대적으로 낮아 축력보다는 모멘트에 의해서 지배되는 인장파괴 영역의 연성거동 측면에서는 단면적비율이 미치는 영향은 크지 않다. 그러나 설계기준의 횡방향철근량 산정식 자체가 교각의 내진거동에 중요한 요소인 연성능력을 직접적으로 고려한 식이 아니기 때문에 단면크기가 상대적으로 작은 경우 또는 내구성 등의 확보 차원에서 콘크리트 피복두께가 증가하여 단면적비율이 과도하게 커지는 경우에는 교각의 시공성 및 경제성이 저하될 정도로 많은 횡방향철근량이 요구되는 문제점을 야기한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 콘크리트 피복두께가 심부구속 횡방향철근량 산정식에 미치는 영향을 비교, 분석하고 보다 합리적인 내진설계를 위한 심부구속 횡방향철근량 산정식을 수정 제안하였으며 국내 외에서 수행된 실험 결과를 바탕으로 제안식의 안전율 및 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.479-484
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• 2000

In this study, optimal design of reinforced concrete piers under seismic load is numerically investigated. Object function is the area of the concreate-section. Design variables are the total area of reinforcement and concrete-section dimension(Circular section diameter). Constraints of the design strength of the column, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and lower and upper bounds on the design variables are imposed. The reinforcement concrete column is analysed and designed by the Ultimated Strength Design method and load combination involving dead, live, wind and seismic load is used. For numerical optimization, ADS(Garret N, Vanderplaats_ routine is used. From the result of numerical examples, the concrete-section dimension was reduced, but longitudinal reinforcement was not changed. The results show that confinement reinforcement was reduced and confinement reinforcement spacing is increased. The higher strength of reinforcement used, the more concrete-section area was reduced.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

This paper deals with free vibrations of the tapered beams with the constant surface area. The surface area of the objective beams are always held constant regardless shape functions of the cross-sectional depth. The shape functions are chosen as the linear and parabolic ones. Ordinary differential equations governing free vibrations of such beams are derived and solved numerically for determining the natural frequencies. In the numerical examples, hinged-hinged, hinged-clamped and clamped-clamped end constraints are considered. As the numerical results, the relationships between non-dimensional frequency parameters and various beam parameters such as section ratio, surface area ratio, end constraint and taper type are reported in tables and figures. Especially, section ratios of the strongest beam are calculated, under which the maximum frequencies are achieved.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2008

본 논문은 단면적이 일정한 직사각형 중공단면을 갖는 아치의 자유진동에 관한 연구이다. 아치의 자유진동을 지배하는 미분방정식을 극좌표계에서 유도하였으며, 이 미분방정식에는 회전관성효과를 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는 원호아치에 비해 구조적 안정성이 우수한 포물선형 아치를 대상아치의 선형으로 결정하였으며, 고정-고정, 고정-회전, 회전-회전의 단부조건을 고려하였다. 미분방정식을 효율적으로 해석하여 정확한 고유진동수를 산정할 수 있는 수치해석 알고리즘을 개발하고, 문헌과 본 연구의 결과를 비교하여 본 연구에서 유도된 이론식 및 수치해석 과정의 타당성을 검증하였으며, 단면폭비, 두께비 및 형상비 등과 같은 제 변수 변화에 따른 무차원 고유진동수의 변화를 고찰하였다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호통권23호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 본류와 지류가 만나는 합류구간, 만곡 및 사행구간이 있는 자연하천과 동일한수리모형을 제작하고 합류부를 중심으로 본류와 지류의 유량비 변화에 따라 모형의 합류부 횡단면에서 발생하는 수위차의 변화를 분석하였다. 합류이전의 최하류단면 수위를 기준으로 하는 합류부 각 단면의 최대수위 변화에 미치는 유량비의 영향은 합류부 하류구간보다 상류구간에서 더 크게 나타난다. 횡단면의 최소수위에 대한 최대수위의 변화는 합류부 중심에 가까울수록 증가하며 합류부 중심 직하류에서 최대를 보인다. 또한 합류구간 횡단면의 수면경사는 단면형태에 따라 영향을 받으며 본류에 대한 지류의 유량비가 감소할수록 수면경사도 감소한다. 기존에 제안된 일정한 곡률반경과 정형화된 단면에서 도출된 횡단면 수위차 산정 공식이 평창강과 동일하게 제작된 모형수로에서 실측값과 약 60%의 차이를 보인 반면 본 연구에서는 실측값과 약 10%의 차이를 보이는 수위차 산정 공식을 제안하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.200-211
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• 1998

Heat transfer performance improvement by fin and groovs is studied for condensation of R-11 on integral-fin tubes. Eight tubes with trapczodially shaped integral-fins having fin density from 748 to 1654fpm(fin per meter) and 10, 30 grooves are tested. A plain tube having the same diameter as the finned tubes is also used for comparison. R-11 condensates at saturation state of 32 $^{\circ}C$ on the outside tube surface coded by inside water flow. All of test data are taken at steady state. The heat transfer loop is used for testing singe long tubes and cooling is pumped from a storage tank through filters and folwmeters to the horizontal test section where it is heated by steam condensing on the outside of the tubes. The pressure drop across the test section is measured by menas pressure gauge and manometer. The results obtained in this study is as follows : 1. Based on inside diameter and nominal inside area, overall heat transfer coefficients of finned tube are enhanced up to 1.6 ~ 3.7 times that of a plain tube at a constant Reynolds number. 2. Friction factors are up to 1.6 ~ 2.1 times those of plain tubes. 3. The constant pumping power ratio for the low integral-fin tubes increase directly with the effective area to the nominal area ratio, and with the effective area diameter ratio. 4. A tube having a fin density of 1299fpm and 30 grooves has the best heat transfer performance.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose a standard of converting 3D shape of men in twenties to 2D patterns. This can be a basis for scientific and automatic pattern making for high quality custom clothes. Firstly, representative 3D body shape of men was modeled. Then the 3D model was divided into 3 shells, front, side and back. Among them, the front shell was divided into 4 blocks by bust line and princess line. Secondly, curves are generated on each block according to matrix combination by grid method. Then triangles were developed into 2D pieces by reflecting the 3D curve length. The grid was arranged to maintain outer curve length. Next, the area of developed pieces and block were calculated and difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area is calculated. Also, area difference ratio by the number of triangles is calculated. The difference ratio was represented as graphs and optimal section is selected by the shape of graphs. The optimal matrix was set considering connection with other blocks. Curves of torso upper front shell were regenerated by the optimal matrix and developed into pieces. We validated it's suitability by comparing difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area of optimal section. The results showed that there was no significant difference between block area and the pieces' area developed by optimal matrix. The optimal matrix for 2D developing could be characterized as two types according to block's shape characteristics, one is affected by triangle number, the other is affected by number of raws more than columns. Through this study, both the 2D pattern developing from 3D body shape and 3D modeling from 2D pattern is possible, so it's standardization also possible.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.403-408
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to understand the variables affected the confinement for the transverse reinforcement of the reinforced concrete structural walls with the T-shaped cross section subjected to cyclic lateral loads. The structural performance of T-shaped walls was advanced by the transverse reinforcement which restrained the concrete subjected to compressive stress. If the arrangement of transverse reinforcement was not suitable for the confinement, T-shaped walls happened the brittle failure by web crushing or bucking of vertical reinforcement at the compression zone. It is necessary to confine transverse reinforcement in order to prevent the these failure. But the location of neutral axis and the magnitude of ultimate strain vary according to the section shape, a ratio of axial load, a ratio of wall cross sectional area to the floor-plan area, an aspect ratio and the reinforcement ratio. Therefore, the objective of this research is to grasp the location of neutral axis and the range which needs for the confinement of transverse reinforcement through the results of the sectional analysis which varies the ratio of axial load and the ratio of vertical reinforcement.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to review and verify whether the functions and effect of roadside trees generally hewn in theory are actually realized in urban roads and how well they are performed if the function and effect are realized. The study was conducted with a focus on 3 functions and effects including roadside tree's urban landscape improvement function (green area visibility ratio), effect of introducing green area within a city, and urban green network building function. The major study results are as follows: First, the average green area visibility ratio of 41 study areas is currently about 25.90%. The green area visibility ratio of commercial area within downtown was lowest among 5 road types. It showed that it is possible to raise the average green area visibility ratio up to 32.49% through roadside tree management and additional plantation. Second, in a section between Paldal Mountain and Suwon City Hall where there is no forest fragments and parks at all, a green area of 4,826 roadside trees represented 2.4% of total area and served as the only linear green area. Third, an analysis of 15 cities in Kyonggi province showed that urban forests are concentrated in outskirts. The suey showed that because forest fragments and parks exist in a form of points in urban areas, roadside trees are the only green areas that link each other and build a network.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.914-921
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• 1999

There are many theoretical investigations to analyze higher order mode of reactive type single expansion chambers with offset inlet/outlet locations. But the conventional method has the restriction that the ratio between the area of inlet(or outlet) pipe and that of chamber must be natural number. In the paper, a new method was suggested to apply the Kim's method to silencer with circular cross-section. Not only the offset location but also the magnitude of cross-section area of inlet/outlet pipe can be considered by the suggested method. The predictions by this new method also compared with those by the finite element method and Munjal's method in order to verify the accuracy of the suggested method presented here.