• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.590-594
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• 2016

Recently, the number of cases of animal bite wounds has increased significantly in concordance with an increase in the pet population around the world. The authors report two rare cases of osteomyelitis of the phalanx following cat and dog bites. On initial physical examination, signs of a severe infection were observed. Radiographs of both patients showed the presence of osteomyelitis, and in one of the patients, the diagnosis was confirmed with a bone biopsy. After use of empirical antibiotics, intravenous antibiotic therapy that matched the identified bacterium's sensitivity was initiated, and at the same time, secure dressing including debridement was performed to induce secondary healing. In addition, the patients were closely monitored with serial X-rays, and culture and blood test follow-up. One patient fully recovered without sequelae, but the other patient suffered a loss of distal interphalangeal joint motion. When dealing with bite wounds located on the hand, it is important to visit the hospital as soon as possible and receive the appropriate treatment early. Moreover, to prevent severe complications such as osteomyelitis, it is important to administer antibiotic therapy to which the cultured bacteria are sensitive, along with proper wound management and prophylactic antibiotic treatment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 1990

Various factors may contribute on the mixing processes in the surf zone formed by irregular waves. The turbulence motion driven by wave breaking may be one of the major causes, the effect due to spatial variation on current velocity be a secondary one, and the additional process may result from the irregular superposition of radiation stresses or wave breaking dissipation incurred by random breaking waves in a broadened surf zone. In the present study a numerical model of spectral waves and induced currents was developed using a superposition technique with ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ closure for mixing process and applied to a field situation of longshore current generated by spectral waves on a uniform beach. It was found from the application that the surf-zone mixing processes formed by irregular waves can be well described by using ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ equations if the source of ${\kappa}$ is properly represented. The nonlinear energy transfer was also found to have some influence on the velocity profile of longshore current particularly in very shallow water region near coast.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2006

Purpose: The main advantages of the perforator flap are minimal donor site morbidity, preservation of any main source artery and its thin characteristics. Most perforator flaps for hand reconstruction need primary and secondary procedures such as a flap debulkiness and liposuction etc. However, flap thickness of calf area is thinner than any other perforator flaps. Methods: We performed an anatomical study and clinical application of medial sural artery perforator flap. We found that there are two or more medial sural perforators located on a straight line drawn from the mid-point of popliteal crease to the mid-point of medial malleolus. Most pathway of medial sural artery comes along with this line. It is possible to observe the first perforators almost exactly 8 cm from midpoint of popliteal crease in a distal half circle drawn with a radius of 2 cm. Results: We report 12 cases in 11 patients of hand reconstruction with medial sural perforator free flap from Febrary 2003 to Febrary 2006. Complete healing was possible in 11 cases. Total flap loss for venous insufficiency was in 1 patient. During the follow-up, good contour and full range of motion was observed on hand reconstruction with medial sural perforator free flap. Conclusion: In the authors' experience, this anatomical study made it possible to prepare a diagram of the exact location of the medial sural perforators. This flap can be used to achieve acceptable functional and aesthetic results for hand reconstruction because of its thin characteristics.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.323-331
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performing a cognitive task during treadmill walking on the stride rate variability. Ten university students(age $24.0{\pm}0.25$, height $172{\pm}3.1cm$, weight $66{\pm}5.3kg$) were participated in dual task experiments which consist of both walking alone and walking with a cognitive task. Two-back task was selected for the cognitive task since it did not have learning effect during the experimental procedure.3D motion analysis system was used to measure subject's position data by changing walking speed with 4.8, 5.6, 6.4, 6.8, and 7.2 km/hr. Stride rate was calculated by the time between heel contact and heel contact. Accuracy rate of a cognitive task during walking, coefficient of variance, allometric scaling methods and Fano factor were used to estimated the stride rate variability. As the walking speed increased, accuracy rate decreased and the logarithmic value of Fano factor increased which showed the statistical difference. Thus it can be concluded that the gait control mechanism is distracted by the secondary attention focus which is the cognitive task ie. two-back task. Further study is needed to clarify this by increasing the number of subject and experiment time.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the differentiation of proprioception, invertor and evertor muscle strength, and time to peak torque at a velocity of $300^{\circ}/sec$ of the ankle joint in people with or without functional ankle instability (FAI). Nineteen subjects with a history of ankle sprain participated. All subjects were divided into FAI group ($n_1=9$, Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT)${\leq}24$) and a control group ($n_2=10$) based on their CAIT scores. Isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the sense of active joint position of the ankle at mid-range and end-range of an inversion motion and invertor as well as the evertor muscle strength and time to peak torque at $300^{\circ}/s$. The FAI group showed a statistically reduction in invertor and evertor muscle strength and time to peak torque when compared to the control group (p<.05). Muscle strength and time to peak torque of the invertor and evertor, as well as the sense of active joint position at end-range were also lower in the FAI group than in the control (p<.05). Correlations between CAIT score and position sense at end-range (r=-.577) and invertor muscle strength (r=.554) were statistically significant (p<.05). Individuals with FAI showed reduction in invertor and evertor muscle strength and recruitment time as well as in proprioception of the ankle joint. Thus, proprioception and invertor and evertor muscle strength of the ankle joint at fast angular velocity may be investigated when examining and planning care for individuals with FAI.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

Since a turbomachine has complex flow characteristics, which are caused by adverse pressure gradient and high speed motion, an elaborate turbulence model is needed to accurately predict the flow. Some turbulence models such as an algebraic or a two-equation eddy viscosity model have been used for in-house RANS-code, but it is difficult to obtain good result for several complex flows. In this study, Durbin's V2-F turbulence model, which has been known for better prediction for severe flow separation, is applied to T-Flow. It was validated for simple cases such as channel and compressor cascade, and its applicability to turbomachinery was shown by analyzing internal flow of a single rotor. As a result, the V2-F turbulence model shows better blade surface pressure distribution than the one-and-two equation turbulence model.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.413-419
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• 2016

Damage of infrastructures by an earthquake causes the secondary damage through the world at large more than the damage of the structures themselves. Amomg them, underground utility tunnel structures comes under the special life line: communication, gas, electricity and etc. and it has a need to evaluate its fragility to an earthquake exactly. Therefore, the destruction ability according to peak ground acceleration of earthquakes for the underground utility tunnels is evaluated in this paper. As an input ground motion for evaluating seismic fragilities, real earthquakes and artificial seismic waves which could be generated in the Korean peninsula are used. And as a seismic analysis method, response displacement method and time history analyzing method are used. An limit state which determines whether destruction is based on the bending moment and shear deformation. A method used to deduct seismic fragility curve is method of maximum likelihood and the distribution function is assumed to the log normal distribution. It could evaluate the damage of underground utility tunnels to an earthquake and could be applied as basic data for seismic design of underground utility tunnel structures.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1992

Volkmann's ischemic contracture is the end result of an untreated, delayed or Inadequately decompressed compartment syndrome in which muscle ischemia and necrosis have occurred. Once the muscle necrosis have happened, the involved muscle undergo permanent change into fibrous tissue. So secondary shortening and distal joint contracture will be a final outcome, which results in marked functional impairment of hand and forearm. Even though several procedures, such as muscle sliding operation has been attempted, overall results were far from satisfaction, compare to healthy opposite hand. The management of these unfavorable condition of the forearm and hand was regarded as one of challenging area in orthopedics. Recently new approach, using microsurgical technique which transfers functioning muscle unit, has been developed and its result was much better than any other methods in the aspect of an active motion. Among these musculocutaneous free flaps, gracilis has obtained special reputation due to its easiness to handle such as elevation of flap and reliable neurovascular pedicle. Other advantages are flexibility of flap size to adjust variable size of the defect in the forearm and minor morbidity of the donor site. Authors have performed 7 cases of functioning gracilis musulocutaneous free flap transplantation for the functional loss of forearm and hand due to Volkmann's ischemic contracture or muscle and skin defect due to severe trauma since November, 1981 till May, 1991. The results in most cases were satisfactory and acceptable.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.643-648
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• 2012

Background Aggressive treatment of sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) infection involves systemic antibiotics, surgical drainage and resection if indicated. The purpose of this paper is to describe a classification of post resectional SCJ defects and highlight our reconstructive algorithm. Defects were classified into A, where closure was possible often with the aid of topical negative pressure dressing; B, where parts of the manubrium, calvicular head, and first rib were excised; and C, where both clavicular, first ribs and most of the manubrium were resected. Methods Twelve patients (age range, 42 to 72 years) over the last 8 years underwent reconstruction after SCJ infection. There was 1 case of a type A defect, 10 type B defects, and 1 type C defect. Reconstruction was performed using the pectoralis major flap in 6 cases (50%), the latissimus dorsi flap in 4 cases (33%), secondary closure in 1 case and; the latissimus and the rectus flap in 1 case. Results All wounds healed uneventfully with no flap failure. Nine patients had good shoulder motion. Three patients with extensive clavicular resection had restricted shoulder abduction and were unable to abduct their arm past $90^{\circ}$. Internal and external rotation were not affected. Conclusions We highlight our reconstructive algorithm which is summarised as follows: for an isolated type B SCJ defect we recommend the ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle for closure. For a type C bilateral defect, we suggest the latissimum dorsi flap. In cases of extensive infection where the thoracoacromial and internal mammary vessels are thrombosed, the pectoralis major and rectus abdominus cannot be used; and the latissimus dorsi flap is chosen.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to prevent the unstable fracture at the FCA butt weldment of hatch coaming deck in the ultra large containership during service life. In order to do it, the behavior of the embedded crack at the weldment under design loading conditions was evaluated in accordance with BS7910. Here, the level of primary stress induced by ship motion was evaluated by the design code of classification society and FEA. The level of residual stress as secondary stress was calculated in consideration of the restraint degree of weldment and welding heat input by using the predictive equation proposed by authors in the previous study. The fatigue crack growth rate at the weldment was evaluated using CT specimen in accordance with ASTM E647. According to the results, although the allowable defect for embedded crack specified in the classification society exists at the weldment, the occurrence possibility of unstable fracture at the weldment could not be negligible, regardless of CTOD value given in this study. So, in this study, the effect of initial defect size, welding heat input, restraint degree and CTOD on the fracture mechanical characteristics of embedded crack at the weldment was evaluated by the comprehensive fracture assessment. Based on the results, the design criteria including allowable defect, residual stress level and CTOD value was established to prevent the unstable fracture at the FCA butt weldment of hatch coaming deck in an ultra large containership during service life of 20years.