• Physical Therapy Korea
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2008

This study investigated gait characteristics, kinematics, and kinetics in the lower extremities between two different shoe conditions (high heeled shoes (7 cm), and high heeled shoes with a total contact insert (TCI)) after lower extremity muscle fatigue. Although TCI shave been applied in high heeled shoes to increase comfort and to decrease foot pressure, no study has attempted to identify the effects of TCI in fatigue conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of walking in high heeled shoes with TCI after lower extremity muscle fatigue was induced. This study was carried out in a motion analysis laboratory at Hanseo University. A volunteer sample of 14 healthy female subjects participated. All in fatigue conditions, the subjects were divided into two groups. The muscle fatigue was induced by 40 voluntary dorsi- and plantar-flexion exercises and 40 heel-rise exercises of the dominant foot. Surface electromyography was used to confirm the localized muscle fatigue using power spectral analysis of three muscles (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis). The results were as follows: (1) In muscle fatigue conditions, the use of TCI decreased the peak flexion angle of the hip joint significantly in the early stance phase (p<.05) and increased the peak hip flexion moment in the terminal stance phase (p<.05). (2) In muscle fatigue conditions, the application of TCI also increased peak hip power generation in the early stance phase and peak hip power absorption in the terminal stance phase (p<.05). (3) In muscle fatigue conditions, the use of TCI reduced the impact force significantly and increased the secondary peak vertical GRF. These findings suggest that the TCI may provide beneficial effects when muscle fatigue occurs for a high heeled shoe gait. Future research employing the patient population and various types of TCI materials are required to clarify the effects of TCI.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

This study a secondary data analysis study attempted to identify the factors influencing the successful aging of the elderly in Korea. Using the data of the 7th Aging Research Panel in 2018, 4,106 people over 65 years of age who had at least one non-living child and no missing values in the study variables were enrolled. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, crossover analysis, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis. The results of this study revealed that the factors affecting successful aging among elderly included age, the presence or absence of a spouse, education level, housing type, subjective health, exercise, alcohol drinking, and non-face-to-face contact frequency with non-cohabiting children, and the explanatory power of the variables was 24.1%. In order for the elderly to achieve successful aging, centering on child ties, the frequency of non-face-to-face contact, which can comfort the elderly's life and increase the satisfaction of life in a continuous relationship, is more important than having children live close and meet frequently. Based on this study, various strategies are needed for the successful aging of elderly people who are socially isolated due to concerns about COVID-19 infection.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

Amphiphilic graft copolymer from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for composite nanofiltration membranes. Direct initiation of the secondary fluorinated site of PVDF facilitates grafting of tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA). Amphiphilic PVDF-g-PMAA graft copolymer with a 51:49 wt ratio was obtained by hydrolyzing poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) to poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA). Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the decrease of crystallinity of PVDF upon graft copolymerization. Composite nanofiltration membranes were prepared from PVDF-g-PMAA as a top layer coated onto PVDF ultrafiltration (UF) support membrane. The morphology and hydrophilicity of membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement. The rejections of composite membranes were 80.2% for $Na_2SO_4$ and 28.4% for NaCl, and the solution flux were 9.5 and $14.5\;L/m^2\;h$ at 1.0 MPa pressure.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2013

In Japan, the wild house mouse Mus musculus consists of two lineages, one from Southeast Asia (Mus musculus castaneus; CAS) and one from northern Eurasia (Mus musculus musculus; MUS). However, the exact origins of the parental lineages are unclear. A recent work using mitochondrial sequences revealed that Japanese CAS and MUS are closely related to haplotypes from South China and the Korean Peninsula, respectively. Recent phylogeographic analyses using nuclear gene sequences have also confirmed a close relationship between Japan and Korea in the MUS component. However, the Japanese CAS components in the nuclear genome are likely to be unique and to differ from those of other CAS territories, including South China. Although the origins are still unresolved, these results allow us to conclude that two areas of the continent, South China and the Korean Peninsula, are the primary source areas of Japanese wild mice and suggest pre-historical introductions associated with certain historical agricultural developments in East Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1998

The improvement of esthetic dentistry has been accelerated from the development of composite resin and dentin-enamel adhesive since 1980's. The indirect composite resin restorations have more accurate proximal contact point and occlusal form than direct restoration. And the side effect of resin shrinkage is minimal because the amount of composite used in oral cavity is limited in cement space. As a results, marginal leakage, hypersensitivity, secondary caries, and discoloration are significantly diminished. The first generation laboratory composite resin used in indirect resin restoration had been widespread in 1980's and the second generation laboratory composite resins were developed in 1990's. The second generation laboratory composite resins are called Ceramic Polymer. The physical properties of Ceramic Polymer are improved because of high content of inorganic filler, and the esthetics and biocompatibility are better than that of the first generation resin. So the application range using composite resin have been broadened. The purpose of this paper is to introduce Targis & Vectris system that is classified to second generation laboratory composite and to report several cases in which the system was utilized for restoration.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.509-513
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• 2020

Network marketing in Indonesia, especially in a time of crisis, is massively rising and has become a popular opportunity among other industries. Network marketing organizations, consists of partnership and trust, a community of connections and contact between individuals. This article has tried to examine the potential strategy to mitigate low trust in network marketing organizations specifically in the Indonesia market, where no studies on the subject has been done before. In doing this research assignment employed a secondary research methodology by reviewing previous academic literatures, by exploration and evaluation. For the purpose, 6 main articles and 25 relevant supporting articles were selected, there is an interesting and prominent research in an effort to repair trust in the perspective of the organization's efforts to build trust and control trust framework in strategy trust repair. The result of this analysis showed that the application of trust-building activities studies reveals how trust-building behavior is related to controls and how the efforts towards fostering subordinate cooperation are motivated by different types of controls and display of trustworthiness. It can be concluded that by implementing this trust repair model consistently and with a full commitment, it can gradually restore people's trust in the network marketing industry, sustain industry existence and exalted purpose of this industry can be achieved.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2012

Meningococcal Disease, manifesting as meningitis and septicemia, is a life-threatening bacterial infection that results in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in childhood. Its epidemic potential and limited opportunities for clinical intervention due to its rapid course present unique public health and clinical challenges. Incidence is highest in infants and young children, with a secondary peak of risk in adolescents. Approximately 10% of cases are fatal and survivors can be left with serious and permanent sequelae including amputations, hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Transmission is only from human-to-human, by infected respiratory tract secretions or saliva and therefore crowding poses a tremendously elevated risk for disease development. Military recruits and university students are at high risk due to the high carriage rate in adolescents, their behavior patterns and close contact. Menveo$^{(R)}$ (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics), a novel quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine directed against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y, has been shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated in all age groups and was recently licensed for use in Korea. Recent cases and deaths among military recruits drew public attention to their elevated risk and the Korean government has recommended vaccination of all new military recruits. Many Korean students seek to attend school, university, or language institutes in countries where routine meningococcal vaccination is required - clinicians should be aware of such requirements to ensure that students are vaccinated prior to arrival in the destination country.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.407-412
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• 1992

In order to obtain basic data concerning the treatment of canine demodicosis, 8 Doberman Pinschers were infected with Demodex canis. The clinical signs, were examined after infection, and their hematological and blood chemical values were determined, along with four non-infected control dogs of same breed. The number of white blood cells, especially the number of band neutrophils was significantly higher(p<0.01) in the infected than in the non-infected control dogs. This result indicated that the first episode of secondary infection should be treated with an appropriate antibiotics based on the culture and sensitivity test. The red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin contents, and serum albumin levels were significantly lower (p<0.01~0.001) in the infected than in the non-infected control dogs. These results suggested that the infected dogs had an anemia due to malnutrition. Thus, the infected dogs should be on a well balanced, high protein diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.231-234
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• 2016

Pouch film is manufactured by laminating aluminum foil, polyamide film and polypropylene film with an adhesive or extrusion resin. However, a surface treatment is required for the aluminum because bonding does not occur easily between the aluminum foil and the polymer film. Thus, for this study, surface treatment experiments were performed in order to confirm the effect on adhesion strength. First, a variety of surface treatment solutions were coated on aluminum foil, and contact angle and surface morphology analysis was carried out for the surface-treated aluminum. For lamination of the surface-treated aluminum foil with polyamide film, a polyurethane base adhesive was prepared for the adhesive strength test specimens. The adhesive strength between the aluminum foil and the polyamide film of the resulting specimens was measured (UTM). With such an experiment, it was possible to evaluate the effect on adhesive strength of the various surface treatments.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1999

We perform CCD observations in VRI filters for AK Her during 3 nights in Feb 1997 and Mar 1998 at Mt. Sobaek National Observatory, and obtained 236 images in V, 198 in R, and 197 in I filter. From the data, we construct light curves which contain a pair primary and secondary minima and (O-C) diagram. We analyzed the obtained light curves of AK Her using the Wilson-Devinney code. From the analyses, we find that AK Her is more likely detached or semi-detached than contact system. From the (O-C) diagram, we find that the (O-C) residuals increases out of accordance with the expectation of Borkovits & Hegedus since 1990. However, we cannot identify cause of the periodic variation of the (O-C) residuals.