• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.580-591
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• 2017

In accordance with 2015 Paris agreement, each individual country around the world should voluntarily propose not only its (individual) reduction target, but also actively develop and present expansion targets of its scope and concrete reduction goals exceeding the previous ones. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare a macroscopic, long-range strategy for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, which can cover a single building, town, city and eventually even a province. The purpose of this research is to gather and compile government-acquired data from various sources and (in accordance with contents and specificity), combine building data by stages by using multi-variable matrix and then analyze the significance of combined data for each stage. The first order data presents the probability and the cost effectiveness of energy saving on the scale of a city or a province, based only upon general information, size and power consumption of buildings. The second order data can identify a pattern of energy consumption for a building of a specific purpose and which tends to consume a larger amount of energy during one particular season (than others). Finally, the third order data can derive influential factors (base load, humidity) from the energy consumption pattern of a building, and thus propose an informed and practical energy-saving method to be applied in real time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.177-199
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to propose the expansion of headings for digital trends of Korean Decimal Classification. In order to achieve the purpose, this study first analyzed the change process of classification items related to digital resources in DDC and KDC. Second, subject names related to digital in LCSH and Korean National Library Subject Heading were analyzed. Third, comparisons between the items related to digital of DDC 23rd with LCSH and KDC with Korean National Library Subject Heading were conducted. The result of comparative analysis was identified that KDC 6th edition faces with difficulties in reasonable classification because item names related to digital of KDC 6th edition have 11 items. Therefore, the item related to digital has to be expanded to new classification item name and has to add include notes and class here notes in KDC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2014

This paper discusses the social changes in the late 19th century that provided a historical background in the appearance of the ready-to-wear clothing in the West. It examines the social meanings of the appearance of the ready-to-wear clothing at the time and traces the origins of these social characteristics to the book published in the $16^{th}$ century by Thomas More, Utopia. The results of this study can be summarized as the following. First, the appearance and expansion of the ready-to-wear clothing coincided with the social transition from a class-based society to a democratic society in the west in the $19^{th}$ century. Second, uniforms were produced in the $18^{th}$ century Europe in order to distinguish different classes and ethnic groups, with the military uniforms being the most visible example. Frequent military campaigns in Europe resulted in the increasing demand and expansion of military uniforms, which later became the basis of the standardization of the men's clothing with uniforms. Third, the women's ready-to-wear clothing appeared later than their male counterpart and was made possible by the simplification of design, an important characteristic of women's wear in the later period. Fourth, the social characteristics of the ready-to-wear clothing can be traced to a democratic and egalitarian society without personal properties that was depicted in the book of Utopia by Thomas More. Fifth, one of the characteristics of the ready-to-wear clothing can be found in the description of Utopia, in which everyone in Utopia wears a clothing of the same form for life.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.247-262
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• 2018

This study investigates the process of PCK formation for 2017 novice teachers in Busan. This study was conducted parallel to quantitative research using the H-PCK measurement tool as well as qualitative research methods through an open questionnaire and after-interview. Consequently, the H-PCK level of novice teachers was 3.51. The knowledge of perspective on home economics education (KP) was 3.87, knowledge of home economics curriculum (KC) was 3.37 and the knowledge of home economics instructional strategies (KI) was 3.39. Study participants reported that curriculum knowledge, curriculum content knowledge, and teaching strategy knowledge were formed through preparation for appointment; however, it was not possible to judge if PCK was formed for the restructuring ability or the reconstruction ability. Knowledge related to curriculum content was learned through teacher training, internet teacher community, and internet information materials. Knowledge of teaching strategies was learned through 1-2 teaching consulting or peer scholarship. It is necessary to revise the university curriculum (such as expansion of curriculum education, expansion of experience in teaching practice, and actual case study) order to form PCK. Second, it should be developed and operated various training programs for the formation of home economics education curriculum knowledge. Third, it is necessary to organize a nationwide system to support the mentor. In the future, it is necessary to study PCK analysis for each unit and topic as well as to explain methods that can be provided to field teachers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.55
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• pp.205-230
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• 2003

This article examines the continuity and change of Korean welfare regime during 1990s. Democracy, globalization and the financial crisis changed the landscape of Korean society as a whole and provided a catalyst for the change of the Korean welfare regime. In order to show how and what changed in Korean welfare regime, this study concentrates on the transformations of income maintenance programmes and social welfare services. The changed aspects are as follow: (1) The ratio of social expenditure to GDP has increased during 1990s and now stood at ten percent level. (2)Rather than backing up the company welfare, government strove to build and expand income maintenance devices for all citizens. (3) The poverty and inequality reduction effects of income maintenance programs are very weak in early 1990s, but they are gradually getting stronger impact on poverty and inequality. But, there are also continuance. (1) In spite of the relative development of income maintenance programs, social welfare services are still poorly designed as before. (2) The expenditure level of social welfare services shows sharp contrast to income maintenance programs and lagged behind the other OECD countries. (3) The expansion of social service sector employment are also not so salient. In 2002, social service employment is only at close to 2.5 per cent of the total employment. Accordingly, korean welfare regime is now characterized by a model which is to curb poverty and inequality by engaging in direct government provision of income maintenance programs, but refrain from expanding social service by relying on net welfare which encourage the provision of services within the family. A implication of our analysis is that the expansion of social welfare Korea saw after 1997 was not really an regime shift. According to the arguments of Peter Hall, first and second order changes in policy do not automatically lead to third order changes which imply regime shift. Policy changes which occurred during 1990s was not accompanied by a shift in policy paradigms. Family dependency in welfare is not yet changed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

New systems and management strategies have been successfully settled in order to be linked to enhancing organizational performance internalization process. The most successful methods for internalization are training and communication strategies. However, the organization must be supported by trust and cooperation cultures for successful education and communication. In this study, we measured the degree of internalization of organized vision, and core values. And then, a successful convergence business strategy internalization plan was presented. Strengthening training plan, communication strategies and management strategies must be internalized in parallel with seeking a change of organizational culture. First, iterative learning is very effective in order to strengthen education and management strategies through talking frequently. Second, chief executive officer should pay attention to communication with employees for the internalization. Finally, in order to change the organizational culture, organizational leaders will establish strategic plan to build open and collaborative culture among colleagues and quantitative and qualitative expansion of the human network.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.345-372
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• 2021

The analysis of nonlinear vibrations, buckling, post-buckling, flutter boundary determination and post-flutter behavior of a homogeneous curved plate assuming cylindrical bending is conducted in this article. Other assumptions include simply-supported boundary conditions, supersonic aerodynamic flow at the top of the plate, constant pressure conditions below the plate, non-viscous flow model (using first- and third-order piston theory), nonlinear structural model with large deformations, and application of mechanical and thermal loads on the curved plate. The analysis is performed with constant environmental indicators (flow density, heat, Reynolds number and Mach number). The material properties (i.e., coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity) are temperature-dependent. The equations are derived using the principle of virtual displacement. Furthermore, based on the definitions of virtual work, the potential and kinetic energy of the final relations in the integral form, and the governing nonlinear differential equations are obtained after fractional integration. This problem is solved using two approaches. The frequency analysis and flutter are studied in the first approach by transferring the handle of ordinary differential equations to the state space, calculating the system Jacobin matrix and analyzing the eigenvalue to determine the instability conditions. The second approach discusses the nonlinear frequency analysis and nonlinear flutter using the semi-analytical solution of governing differential equations based on the weighted residual method. The partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations, after which they are solved based on the Runge-Kutta fourth- and fifth-order methods. The comparison between the results of frequency and flutter analysis of curved plate is linearly and nonlinearly performed for the first time. The results show that the plate curvature has a profound impact on the instability boundary of the plate under supersonic aerodynamic loading. The flutter boundary decreases with growing thermal load and increases with growing curvature.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.417-428
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• 2018

In this paper, various model reduction methods were assessed using a shear frame, plane and space truss structures. Each of the structures is one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional, respectively. Three scenarios of poor, better, and the best were considered for each of the structures in which 25%, 40%, and 60% of the total degrees of freedom (DOFs) were measured in each of them, respectively. Natural frequencies of the full and reduced order structures were compared in each of the numerical examples to assess the performance of model reduction methods. Generally, it was found that system equivalent reduction expansion process (SEREP) provides full accuracy in the model reduction in all of the numerical examples and scenarios. Iterated improved reduced system (IIRS) was the second-best, providing acceptable results and lower error in higher modes in comparison to the improved reduced system (IRS) method. Although the Guyan's method has very low levels of accuracy. Structures were classified with the excitation frequency. High-frequency structures compared to low-frequency structures have been poor performance in the model reduction methods (Guyan, IRS, and IIRS).

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

This paper introduces a simulation-based determination method for hydrodynamic derivatives and 6DOF (degrees-offreedom) motion analysis for an underwater vehicle. Hydrodynamic derivatives were derived from second-order modulus expansion and composed of the added mass, and linear and nonlinear damping coefficients. The added mass coefficients were analytically obtained using the potential theory. All of the linear and nonlinear damping coefficients were determined using CFD simulation, which were performed for various cases based on the actual operating condition. Then, the linear and nonlinear damping coefficients were determined by fitting the CFD results, which referred to 6DOF forces and moments acting on an underwater vehicle, with the least square method. To demonstrate the applicability of the current study, 6DOF simulations for three different scenarios (L-, U-, and S-turn) were carried out, and the results were validated on the basis of physical plausibility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.5-8
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• 2005

In this paper, the electromechanical displacements of curved piezoelectric actuators composed of PZT ceramic and laminated composite materials are calculated based on high performance computing technology and the optimal configuration of composite curved actuator is examined. To accurately predict the local pre-stress in the device due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion, carbon-epoxy and glass-epoxy as well as PZT ceramic are numerically modeled by using hexahedral solid elements. Because the modeling of these thin layers increases the number of degrees of freedom, large-scale structural analyses are performed through the PEGASUS supercomputer, which is installed in our laboratory. In the first stage, the curved shape of the actuator and the internal stress in each layer are obtained by the cured curvature analysis. Subsequently, the displacement due to the piezoelectric force (which is resulted from applied voltage) is also calculated. The performance of composite curved actuator is investigated by comparing the displacements obtained by the variation of thickness and elastic modulus of laminated composite layers. In order to consider the finite deformation in the first analysis stage and include the pre-stress due to curing process in the second stage, nonlinear finite element analyses are carried out.