• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.803-808
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• 1999

Trend of sea level change has been analysed by using the tidal data gathered at the 12 tide stations along the coast of Korean peninsula. Analysis and prediction of the sea level change were performed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For the period of 20 years from 1976 to 1995, the trend generally shows a rising pattern such as 0.22 cm/yr, 0.29 cm/yr, and 0.59 cm/yr along the eastern, southern, and western coast of Korea, respectively. On the average the sea level around the Korean peninsula seems to be rising at a rate of 0.37 cm/yr. Adopting the average rate to the sea level prediction model proposed by EPA (Titus and Narrayanan, 1995), the sea level may be approximately 50$\~$60 cm higher than the present sea level by the end of the next century.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2017

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 1999

Models of beach response due to sea level rise were verified by experiments and potential shoreline retreat around Korea and Japan was predicted. Wave tank experiments demonstrated that not only static retreat by water level rise but also additional retreat by wave action plays an important role in total retreat and additional retreat becomes important on the condition of high waves. The result of long-term analysis of tidal data over past 3 decades shows the tendency toward rise by an average of 1.79 mm/year, which is the result of rise in 29 regions and fall in 12 regions. Based on analyzed rate of long-term sea-level rise, potential shoreline retreats of study area after 50 years were calculated and the result shows serious loss of beach.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

The fluctuation of inundation height due to climate change and sea level rise is expected to cause the socio-economical damage in the coastal zone. To evaluate the inundation damage in Haeundae Beach Area, the inundation height was calculated using the observed data and the range of inundated area and buildings was estimated by applying to DEM data, which was constructed with airborne LiDAR data. The range of inundated area and buildings were estimated with 5 scenario of sea level rise in the condition of minimum and maximum inundation height. When the 181cm, the area of 7.19ha and 5 buildings were expected to be inundated. As 20cm in sea level rises at the minimum of the inundation height, the area of 8.90ha and 8buildings were expected to be inundated. As 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, 60cm in sea level rise, 9.98ha and 9 buildings, 11.11ha and 11buildings, 12.41ha and 11buildings, 14.18ha and 14buildings were expected to be inundated, respectively. When the 526 cm, the area of 32.35ha and 42buildings were expected to be inundated. As 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, 60cm in sea level rise at the maximum of the inundation height, 38.94ha and 47buildings, 42.46ha and 52buildings, 45.76ha and 58buildings, 49.51ha and 66buildings, 52.53ha and 72buildings were expected to be inundated, respectively. The leisure and industry facilities, socio-economical installation, habitation are located near by the estimated inundation area, then the inundation damage is expected to be greater scale.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.973-976
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• 2006

The oscillations of the Caspian Sea level represent a result of mutually related hydrometeorological processes. The change in the tendency of the mean sea level variations that occurred in the middle 1970s, when the long-term level fall was replaced by its rapid and significant rise, represents an important indicator of the changes in the natural regime of the Caspian Sea. Therefore, sea level monitoring and long-term forecast of the sea level changes represent an extremely important task. The aim of this presentation is to show the experience of application of satellite altimetry methods to the investigation of seasonal and interannual variability of the sea level, wind speed and wave height, water dynamics, as well as of uplift of the Earth’s crust in different parts of the Caspian Sea and Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay. Special attention is given to estimates of the Volga River runoff derived from satellite altimetry data. The work is based on the 1992-2005 TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 (J-1) data sets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.298-307
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• 2021

Typhoons occur intensively between July and October, and the sea level is the highest during this time. In particular, the mean sea level in summer in Korea is higher than the annual mean sea level about 14.5cm in the west coast, 9.0 to 14.5cm in the south coast, and about 9.0 cm in the east coast. When the rising the sea level and a large typhoon overlap in summer, it can cause surges and flooding in low-lying coastal areas. Therefore, accurate calculation of the surge height is essential when designing coastal structures and assessing stability in order to reduce coastal hazards on the lowlands. In this study, the typhoon surge heights considering the summer mean sea level rise (SH_m) was calculated, and the validity of the analysis of abnormal phenomena was reviewed by comparing it with the existing surge height considering the annual mean sea level (SH_a). As a result of the re-analyzed study of typhoon surge heights for BOLAVEN (SANBA), which influenced in August and September during the summer sea level rise periods, yielded the differences of surge heights (cm) between SH_a and SH_m 7.8~24.5 (23.6~34.5) for the directly affected zone of south-west (south-east) coasts, while for the indirect southeast (south-west) coasts showed -1.0~0.0 (8.3~12.2), respectively. Whilst the differences between SH_a and SH_m of typhoons CHABA (KONG-REY) occurred in October showed remarkably lessened values as 5.2~ 14.2 (19.8~21.6) for the directly affected south-east coasts and 3.2~6.3 (-3.2~3.7) for the indirectly influenced west coast, respectively. The results show the SH_a does not take into account the increased summer mean sea level, so it is evaluated that it is overestimated compared to the surge height that occurs during an actual typhoon. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to re-discuss the feasibility of the surge height standard design based on the existing annual mean sea level, along with the accurate establishment of the concept of surge height.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2016

Extreme events, such as Winnie(1987), Rusa(2002), Maemi(2003) at sea-side urban area, resulted not only economic losses but also life losses. The Korean sea-side characterisitcs are so complicated thar the prediction of sea level rise makes difficult. Geomophologically, Korean pennisula sits on the rim of the Pacific mantle so the sea level is sensitive to the surges due to earth quake, typoon and abnormal climate changes. These environmetns require closer investigation for the preparing the inundatioin due to the sea level rise with customized prediction for local basin. The goal of this research is provide the information of inundation risk so the sea side urban basin could be more safe from the natural water disastesr.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2015

This paper presents a method for assessing the risk of wave run-up and overtopping of existing coastal defences and for analysing the probability of failure of the structures under future hydraulic conditions. The recent UK climate projections are employed in the investigations of the influence of changing environments on the long-term performance of sea defences. In order to reduce the risk of wave run-up and overtopping caused by rising sea level and to maintain the present-day allowances for wave run-up height and overtopping discharge, the future necessary increase in crest level of existing structures is investigated. Various critical failure mechanisms are considered for reliability analysis, i.e., erosion of crest by wave overtopping, failure of seaside revetment, and internal erosions within earth sea dykes. The time-dependent reliability of sea dykes is analysed to give probability of failure with time. The results for an example earth dyke section show that the necessary increase in crest level is approximately double of sea level rise to maintain the current allowances. The probability of failure for various failure modes of the earth dyke has a significant increase with time under future hydraulic conditions.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Previous studies have indicated a great regional difference in Sea Level Rise (SLR) in the Pacific and it has been suggested that this is linked to climate variability over the past two decades. In this study, we seek to identify the possible linkage between regional sea level and Pacific climate variability from altimetry-based sea level data (1993-2012) and further investigate how the Pacific sea level has changed spatially and temporally over the past 60 years from long-term sea level reconstruction data (1953-2008). Based on the same method as Zhang and Church (2012), the Inter-annual Climate Index (ICI) associated with the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o-Southern$ Oscillation (ENSO) and the Decadal Climate Index (DCI) associated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are defined and then the multiple variable linear regression is used to analyze quantitatively the impact of inter-annual and decadal climate variability on the regional sea levels in the Pacific. During the altimeter period, the ICI that represents ENSO influence on inter-annual time scales strongly impacts in a striking east-west "see-saw mode" on sea levels across the tropical Pacific. On the other hand, the decadal sea level pattern that is linked to the DCI has a broad meridional structure that is roughly symmetric in the equator with its North Pacific expression being similar to the PDO, which largely contributes to a positive SLR trend in the western Pacific and a negative trend in the eastern Pacific over the two most recent decades. Using long-term sea level reconstruction data, we found that the Pacific sea levels have fluctuated in the past over inter-annual and decadal time scales and that strong regional differences are presented. Of particular interest is that the SLR reveals a decadal shift and presents an opposite trend before and after the mid-1980s; i.e., a declining (rising) trend in the western (eastern) Pacific before the mid-1980s, followed by a rising (declining) trend from the mid-1980s onward in the western (eastern) Pacific. This result indicates that the recent SLR patterns revealed from the altimeters have been persistent at least since the mid-1980s.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2010

The global sea level rise has an effect on eco-environmental change by the inundation and erosion in the coastal area. Forecasting model on the change of morpho-ecological environments by the sea level change will give us information for coastal area management by predicting environmental changes of the up-coming future. This research aimed to foresee eco-environmental changes by the sea level rise in coastal area. Prediction model used SLAMM model developed to forecast coastal changes by IPCC scenario. The model predicted centennial environmental changes in the mouth of Han river and Nakdong river, Suncheon and Hampyeung bay as case areas. To sum up the research findings, in the estuary of the Han river, tidal flat was gradually disappeared from the year 2075, scrubmarsh and saltmarsh belts were developed. In the Nakdong River estuary, scrubmarsh was decreased from the year 2025, tidal flat was deposited from the year 2050, and also, the Gimhae plain was partially inundated, and wetlands were formed. In the Hampyeung bay, saltmarsh was deposited in the year 2025, tidal flat expanded until 2050 was partially submerged after that time. Tidal flat of Suncheon bay was disappeared by the inundation after 2025, and saltmarsh was developed in the embayment.