• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.160-163
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• 2003

Mortality of several species of fish and shellfish exposed to Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Heterosigam akashiwo, Alexandrium tamarense, Eutreptiella gymnastica, Heterocapsa triquetra and Prorocentrum micans was studied. When fish were exposed to a cell density of 8,000 cells $mL^{-1}$ in C. polykrikoides, $35\%$ of flatfish and darkbanded rockfish died within 48 hrs. However, jacopever rockfish had mortality of higher than $85\%$. Rock bream, filefish and red sea bream showed $100\%$ mortality within 10 hrs with an exposure cell density of 8,000 cells $mL^{-1}$. The rest of HABs except for C. polykrikoides showed that there was no fish and shellfish death throughout the 48 hrs even in the maximum cell density of 100,000 cells $mL^{-1}$ These results imply that C. polykrikoides can have a serious impact on fish mortality and it is regarded as an ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate. The fish death may be attributed to anoxia caused by a combination of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polysaccharide from C. polykrikoides during blooms.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2017

To understand the application in farm for the fish aquaculture, we investigated biological and pathological traits on red sea bream Pagrus major which were reared in each copper-alloy net cage and the synthetic fiber net cage for 9 months. Two groups of cage were made and set in Yokji-eup, Tongyoung, Gyeongsangnam-do in size of 25 m in diameter and 10 m of depth. Survival rate of the red sea bream in the rearing copper-alloy net cage and synthetic fiber cage showed 99.75% and 99.70% respectively, there was no significant difference. Daily weight growth rate in each net was shown to 2.13 g/day and 1.65 g/day. Health analysis by blood composition analysis showed a favorable result in the copper-alloy net cage rather than in the synthetic fiber net. Bioaccumulation of heavy metal such as Cu and Zn especially in gonad was higher than other organ. Bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in the muscle was lower compared to the permitted standard for food safety. Pathogenic infection test discovered Microcotyle tai for parasite, V. alginolyticus and other five species for bacteria. But there was a little bit difference of bacteria infection in copper-alloy net cage and copper-alloy net cage is expected to be has antibacterial effect. Thus, copper-alloy net cage can be applied to farm considering its system stability, recycling, antibiosis and food safety.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.777-790
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional characteristics of the following Korean-distributed fish species commonly consumed as sliced raw fish (CC-SRF): olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (OF), red sea bream Pagrus major (RS), Atlantic salmon (AS), coho salmon (CS) and sockeye salmon (SS). The crude protein and lipid contents of OF, RS, AS, CS and SS were 20.2% and 5.5%, 21.2% and 6.8%, 17.7% and 18.5%, 18.3% and 16.1%, and 20.4% and 5.7%, respectively. Regardless of the type and weight of fish species, the major amino acids were leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, whereas histidine was identified as a limiting amino acid. The major minerals in all CC-SRF were P, K and Se based on the recommended daily intake or sufficient intake for Korean males aged between 19-49 years. Among the different types of all CC-SRF, the intake of OF and SS lipids is predicted to be associated with a lower n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, whereas among the free amino acids, which are expected to have health functionality, we identified taurine in OF and RS, and anserine in salmons. The digestibility of OF, RS, AS, CS and SS were 60.7%, 54.9%, 48.5%, 49.6%, and 53.4%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2019

Discarding juvenile fishes under girth 16 cm nearly equal to inner perimeter of codend mesh size collected by a cover net method in bottom trawl. The body size of the main five species (mackerel, horse mackerel, sea bream, melon seed and black throat seaperch) was measured for their body length, girth, weight, height and width and analyzed size selectivity. Frequency of penetrating fish as retention in a cover net was less than 40% of total number of juvenile discarding fish. The most of body length or girth of five species were significantly different between in the codend and in the cover net. The 50% selection girth in the cover net ranged 8-11 cm were smaller than those in the codend ranged 9-13 cm by the species respectively. The 50% selection body length was significantly related with the ratio of body height (H) by body width (W) both for in the codend or in the cover net while 50% selection girth was not significantly related with H/W. Furthermore 50% selection fish size by fish species between in the codend and in the cover net was not significantly different both in body length or girth. Therefore, the girth selectivity represented possibly as one unique value regarding fish body shape was considered as more useful method for multi-species catch in trawl.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.539-546
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• 2019

The major cultured marine fishes in sea off the coast Gyeongsangnam-do Province, South Korea, were assessed and included 9.3% rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, 7.8% red seabream Pagrus major, and 2.1% rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. The number of insurance payments related to disease mortality in cultured fish in 2017 was fourfold that in 2016. Economic loss in aquaculture due to disease in cultured fish is high and represents an important inhibitory factor affecting marine fishery productivity. In 2018, diseases led to severe production losses in several aquaculture species: 40.0% in rockfish, 11.4% in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, 10.0% in filefish Thamnaconus modestus, and 9.3% in red seabream. Fish-parasitic pathogens such as Microcotyle sebastis, Alella spp., and Dactylogyrus spp. enter mainly via the gills and skin surface. Among bacterial pathogens, Vibrio species were most common, with Vibrio harveyi being the dominant species causing infections in these fishes. The bacterium Lactococcus garvieae is thought to exhibit host specificity in fish. The fish species in the present study exhibited a higher tendency for infection by heterologous pathogens than by a single pathogen; therefore, it is necessary to devise new strategies for treating diseases in cultured fish.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.550-563
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• 2000

This study was carried out in order to elucidate the fundamental data on the taste compounds between wild and cultured fishes produced on Chungmu and Wando at the southern coast areas of Korea. For this purpose, the food components of cultured fishes such as red sea bream Pagnus major, Sebastes pachycephalus and flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus being spot lighted for the main sea fish, the staple food and high economic fish were investigated and compared with those of the wild ones. There was a little appreciable difference in the proximate compositions of all the species from localities between wild and cultured fishes. But according to the growing conditions, wild fishes were higher in moisture contents and lower in crude lipid content than those of cultured fishes and little difference was seen in protein and ash contents between the two. With regard to the nucleotides and their related compounds, i.e. ADP, IMP and inosine were detected but ATP and hypoxanathine were not from them. On the other hand, there were little difference in the total taste compounds of all the species from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured fishes. But all the species were higher in IMP content. The total of seventeen amino acids were detected in samples. The highly contents of glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, proline, leucine, alanine, valine and alginine were showed and less low contents of cystein, histidine, methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were detected. The total amino acids of the others were much alike in that composition. Little difference was seen from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured ones. The free amino acids were much alike in that composition of all the species. There was little difference in the free amino acid compositions all the species from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured fishes. But taurine was dominant, showing from 39% to 65% of the free amino acid content and it is followed by hydroxyproline, lysine, alanine and glycine in other. There were differences in the organic acid compositions of all the species from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured fishes. In addition, cultured fishes were more abundant in the total organic acid compositions than those of wild ones.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.359-364
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• 2005

The distributions of sanitary indicative bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in seawater and four species of farmed fishes, including oliver flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major) and sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), collected at fish farms located in the southern coastal area of Korea were investigated from May to October in 2004. The detection rates of fecal coliform and Entirococcus spp. of sanitary indicative bacteria in all samples were $38.9\%$ and $23.8\%$, respectively. The occurrence of fecal coliform was highest of $58.3\%$ in Busan, Geoje and Wando area, followed Yeosu $33.3\%$, Jeju $12.5\%$, Tongyeong $11.1\%$. The occurrence of Enterococcus spp. was highest In Wando area ($45.8\%$), followed by Yeosu ($33.3\%$), Tongyeong ($22.2\%$), Busan ($16.7\%$), Geoje and Jeju ($12.5\%$). The detection rate of fecal coliform was higher than that of Enterococcus spp., except in the Tongyeong area. There was no difference in the detection rate of fecal coliform from May to October, but the detection rate of Enterococcus spp. increased with seasonal warming seawater temperature. Among the pathogenic bacteria, the detection rate of Vibrio alginolyticus ($49.2\%$) in all samples was highest, followed by V. parahaemolyticus ($36.5\%$), Staphylococcus aureus ($6.3\%$), Salmonella sp. ($2.4\%$). However, V cholerae, V. vulnificus and Shigella sp. were not detected in all tested samples. The detection rates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus increased with seasonal warming seawater temperature from May to August.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.707-712
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• 1998

Seasonal variation in the proximate composition, cholesterol (CHOL) and $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-Toc) content of 12 spices of fish muscle, which caught off Tongyeong coast of the Southern Sea (Nam-Hae) from Mar. 1995 to Feb. 1996, was studied. Lipid and moisture content showed remarkable seasonal variation and there were a negative correlation between the both (r= -0,85, p<0.001), while protein and ash content unchanged almost through the sampling period. The lipid content of anchovy, hickoryshad, black sea bream, finespotted flounder sea eel, bastard, and file fish was high in Dec. Oct. Nov. Jan. Jan. Nov, respectively, and low in the season corresponding to their spawning period. However, in case of striped mullet, yellow tail, mackerel, rock fish and red sea bream, there was no correlation between their lipid content and spawning period, and thus these fishes fore considered to be affected more by water temperature and the content of their diet. CHOL content increased In :he season containing a high level of lipid, whereas $\alpha$-Toc content unchanged almost through the sampling period.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.721-724
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• 2009

Astaxanthin is a valuable pigment source for many aquacultured species, including salmonoids, shrimp, sea bream, and ornamental species. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ascidian tunic extracts were mixed with the basal diet of rainbow trout to investigate their pigmentation effects. Synthetic Carophyll Pink and natural carotenoids that came from the tunic extracts were incorporated into muscle and skin tissues. The main carotenoids found in muscle after 8 weeks were canthaxanthin in CP12 (13.4%), and CP52 (17.2%), and astaxanthin in CP12 (58.5%), and CP52 (59.2%) in the Carophyll Pink group, while those in skin were canthaxanthin in CP14 (34.5%), and CP54 (29.2%), and astaxanthin in CP14 (32.0%), and CP54 (36.5%) in the ascidian tunic extract group. The total carotenoid content in skin (53.0-69.3 mg/kg) was greater than that in muscle (9.5-13.8 mg/kg).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.550-553
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• 2011

The proximate, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions of striped jewfish Stereolepis doederleini muscle were studied. The proximate composition was: 76.4% moisture, 19.4% protein, 2.92% lipid, and 1.19% ash. The predominant total lipid fatty acids were 16:0 (18.7%), 18:1n-9 (16.5%), 22:6n-3 (16.0%), 16:1n-7 (8.53%), 20:5n-3 (7.97%) and 18:0 (5.34%). Glutamic acid (17.4%), lysine (10.6%), aspartic acid (10.4%) and leucine (8.27%) were the predominant amino acids in striped jewfish muscle. These food components of striped jewfish were similar to those of costal and reef dwelling fishes such as black rockfish, black sea bream and rock trout, which are common sliced raw fish in Korea. Therefore, these results suggest that striped jewfish may represent a new aquaculture fish species.