• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.185-187
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• 2009

The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children was reported to be low based on a 5-year screening program in Taipei City, Taiwan. The Taipei City government intended to terminate the E. vermicularis screening program among preschool children. Thus, we were entrusted with confirming whether pinworm infections among preschool children in Taipei City had truly declined. From each of 12 administrative districts 2-3 kindergartens were randomly selected for investigation. In total, 4,349 children were examined, of which 2,537 were boys and 1,812 were girls. The cellophane tape adhered to a glass slide was used, and all examinations were done by certified medical technologists. Results indicated that the overall prevalence rate of pinworm infections was 0.62% (27/4,349). Although the infection rate was higher among boys (0.67%, 17/2,537) than in girls (0.55%, 10/1,812), no significant difference was found ($X^2$=0.399, P=0.62). According to the administrative district, the infection rate ranged from no positive cases of E. vermicularis infection in the Xinyi, Zhongzhen, and Wanhua Districts (0%; 0/299, 0/165, and 0/358, respectively), to 0.26% (1/131) in Songshan District, with the highest rate of 1.88% (7/373) in Wenshan District. Because the overall infection rate (0.62%, 27/4,349) in the present study was unchanged compared to that (0.40%, 197/49,541) previously reported in 2005, we propose that regular pinworm screening and treatment programs should be continued in some parts of Taipei City.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제18권
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• pp.107-110
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• 1999

The disorders of congenital metabolic errors causing mental retardation can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. We analysed 144,000 neonatal blood samples for phenyketonuria(PKU), maple syrup urine disease(MSUD), homocystinuria(HCU) and histidinuria(HE) by bacterial inhibition method, and galactosemia(GAL) by Paigen method. In our survey, the positive were 4 samples in PKU(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;1, 8mg/dl;1), 8 samples in MSUD(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;2, 8mg/dl;3, 10mg/dl;1), 4 samples in HCU(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;2), 4 samples in Galactosemia(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;1, 8mg/dl;1), respectively. while, no one was positive in HE. The frequncy rate were 1/36,000 for PKU, HCU and GAL, 1/18,000 for MSUD, respectively. But those for HE couldn't be detected in our survey. In this study, the hightest frequency rate was 1/18,000 of MSUD, following were 1/36,000 for PKU, HCU and GAL, respectively. As results our data, it is our opinion that neonatal screening should be performed in terms of national policies for ealy diagnosis and theraphy.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of Punica granatum L. Actinidia chinensis Planch. mixed extract on body fat. Methods: Thirty women were recruited ($25kg/m^2{\leq}body$ mass index [BMI]${\leq}29.9kg/m^2$) ($19yr{\leq}age{\leq}38yr$) and randomized to receive Punica granatum L. Actinidia chinensis Planch. mixed extract or placebo for 8 weeks. During the test, they visited four times including screening. Body fat mass, body fat rate, anthropometric dimensions at waist and hip, waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured at screening and 8 weeks after screening. Adverse reaction were also checked each visit. Results: There were no significant differences in all index. But when divide experimental group by BMI index, age, and compliance, less than BMI $27kg/m^2$ group decreased body weight, body fat mass and more than BMI $27kg/m^2$ group also decreased body weight, body fat mass and waist circumference. Less than age 30 years group showed decline of waist circumference, fat free rate and T-cholesterol and more than age 30 years group showed decline of fat free mass. Group with compliance more than 95% was decreased BMI, fat free mass, and hip circumference. Conclusions: There was no significant efficacy as compared with placebo group, but as divide experimental group according to BMI index, age, compliance, mixed extract might be effective to reduce obesity index.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2023

Objectives: Pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes (GDM), and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), impact long-term health. We compared the frequency of screening documentation for pregnancy complications versus a general medical history at well woman visits between providers in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects with at least 1 prior birth who presented for a well woman visit in 2019-2020. Charts were reviewed for documentation of a general medical history (hypertension, diabetes, and mood disorders) versus screening for comparable obstetric complications (pre-eclampsia, GDM, and PMADs). The results were compared using the McNemar and chi-square tests as appropriate. Results: In total, 472 encounters were identified, and 137 met the inclusion criteria. Across specialties, clinicians were significantly more likely to document general medical conditions than pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 5.48), diabetes (OR, 7.67; 95% CI, 3.27 to 22.0), and mood disorders (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 3.81 to 40.3). Obstetrics and gynecology providers were more likely to document any pregnancy history (OR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.24 to 16.27); however, they were not significantly more likely to screen for relevant obstetric complications (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 0.90 to 6.89). Overall, the rate of pregnancy complication documentation was low in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology clinics (8.8 and 19.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Obstetrics and gynecology providers more frequently documented a pregnancy history than those in primary care; however, the rate was low across specialties, and providers reported screening for clinically relevant complications less frequently than for general medical conditions.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2000

To isolate yeast strains producing high concentration of ethanol, 125 strains were subjected to screening. Initially 14 strains able to grow in a medium containing 15%(v/v) ethanol, 7 strains capable of growing in a medium containing 50%(v/v) glucose, 23 strains having relatively fast fermentation rates, 13 strains able to grow at $42^{\circ}C$ were selected. After secondary screening, 11 strains having relatively high ini-tial fermentation rate and producing high concentration of ethanol were selected. After tertiary screening 5 strains producing high concentration of ethanol were selected. These 5 strains were again for their ethanol produc-tion, residual sugar, and viability using fermentation medium containing 25% glucose. The strain producing the highest concentration of ethanol was 20-1 strain which produced 10.56%(v/v) ethanol in 4 days, and the highest viable strain was 11-1 which produced 10.35%(v/v) ethanol(13.1%. v/v) with the viability of 30.44% after 5 days of fermentation. Both of the 20-1 and 11-1 strains were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of questionable development according to developmental screening testing for children, and to explore biological and environmental risk factors of developmental delays. Method: The study participants were 153 children under two years of age. A questionnaire and Home Observation for measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory were used to collect data, and Korean Denver II was administered. Results: The overall prevalence of questionable development was 11.1%. Significant differences in biological factors between the normal development group and questionable development group were the rate of prematurity, twins, the educational level of mother and father's and the presence of an illness in the mother (p<.10). Maternal acceptance in HOME was significantly different between the two groups. The factors related to questionable development that were significant in the logistic regression analysis were prematurity (OR=3.56, p=.026), and maternal acceptance in HOME score (OR=.629, p=.028). Conclusion: Early developmental screening tests seem necessary for all children, especially for prematurely born children. Also, child rearing environments were identified as significant factors in the development of all children. These findings suggest that the HOME scores might be useful in identifying children at risk for developmental delays, and that interventions for these children will probably be more effective if their mothers are helped to provide a more appropriate social environment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.34-50
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• 1983

The Denver Developmental Screening Test was devised to provide a simple method of evaluating the developmental status of infants and preschool children. To assess the development of Korean children, 667 children (390 boys and 277 girls) between the ages of 2 weeks and 6 years who live in Kwangju city and rural areas in Chonnam were examined according to the DDST. The ages at which 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of the children performed each item were calculated for the entire sample. The results of these were compared with the norms of Denver children and other related previous studies in Korea. The development of the boys was also compared with that of the girls, and further the test results of city children and country children were also compared. Girls performed the DDST items in personal-social, fine motor-adaptive and gross motor sectors slightly earlier than boys. In general, however, there were no significant differences in the developmental rate between boys and girls. In all four sectors of the DDST, urban children performed the items significantly earlier than rural children. In comparing Korean children and Denver children, Korean children tended to perform gross motor and personal-social items at a slightly earlier age than Denver children. In the language sector, Denver children tended to perform a little earlier than Korean children. But on the whole there were no significant differences in developmental status between Korean and Denver children. It should be noted that a few items, such as“Uses plurals”, needed to be changed due to the structure of Korean language.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1992

This experiment was Conducted ta screening for the anti-cancer efficacy from the wild plants which are naturally growing in the Korea. The results are as follows. The results were shown thatZea may L. nad significantly effects on mediculal efficacy anganist anti-tumor by usulg the totalpacked cell volume methods and also, severals plants, such as Sofonum nigrum, Patrinia hispidoBunge, Eragrostis, ferrugenia Beauv, Salaginela pouzolgiana Spring, Platrycarya strobilacea Bunge,Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook fil. which are collected from Giri and Mooju mountain in Koreaand Nagano in Japan were showed effects on auti-tumor. But the pharmaceologial activities ofPharbitis nil Choisy was believed to strong effec on anti - cancer tumors, while toxicity of its wasshown high that induced te kill all used mice. Extraction of Patrinia hispida Bunge, Pharbitis nilChoisy, Toilis japonica DC, Eragrostis erruginea Beauv. and Forsythia koreana Nakai showed effec-tively supressed on growth rate of cancer tumor by the below 50 percent of T/C ratio at 30mg /mlof extraction from plant. That Is strong activity while Reynouxria japonica Houtt. was observed onlymild activities. The above results many possibly suggest that Patrinia hispido Bunge and Eragrostisferrugina Beauv. inhibited the growth of cancer tumor by the both total packed cell volume methodand cytotoxicity method. Although basic research is still going on, we will find out an accurate moth-od for developing useful medicinal plant to improve pharmacological activites against anti-cancertumor, especialy, in Eragrostis ferruginea Beauv.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2019

Many in vitro developmental toxicity assays have been proposed over several decades. Since the late 1980s, we have made intermittent attempts to introduce in vitro assays as screening tests for developmental toxicity of inhouse candidate products. Two cell-based assays which were developed two decades apart were intensively studied. One was an assay of inhibitory effects on mouse ascites tumor cell attachment to a concanavalin A-coated plastic sheet surface (MOT assay), which we studied in the early days of assay development. The other was an assay of inhibitory effects on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to beating heart cells (EST assay), which we assessed more recently. We evaluated the suitability of the assays for screening in-house candidates. The concordance rates with in vivo developmental toxicity were at the 60% level. The EST assay classified chemicals that inhibited cell proliferation as embryo-toxic. Both assays had a significant false positive rate. The assays were generally considered unsuitable for screening the developmental toxicity of our candidate compounds. Recent test systems adopt advanced technologies. Despite such evolution of materials and methods, the concordance rates of the EST and MOT systems were similar. This may suggest that the fundamental predictivity of in vitro developmental toxicity assays has remained basically unchanged for decades. To improve their predictivity, in vitro developmental toxicity assays should be strictly based on elucidated pathogenetic mechanisms of developmental toxicity.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.701-714
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• 2020

Quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) assays are used to assess toxicity for many chemicals in a short period by collectively analyzing them at several concentrations. Data are routinely analyzed using nonlinear regression models; however, we propose a new method to analyze qHTS data using a nonlinear mixed effects model. qHTS data are generated by repeating the same experiment several times for each chemical; therefor, they can be viewed as if they are repeated measures data and hence analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effects model which accounts for both intra- and inter-individual variabilities. Furthermore, we apply a one-step approach incorporating robust estimation methods to estimate fixed effect parameters and the variance-covariance structure since outliers or influential observations are not uncommon in qHTS data. The toxicity of chemicals from a qHTS assay is classified based on the significance of a parameter related to the efficacy of the chemicals using the proposed method. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of power and false discovery rate using simulation studies comparing with one existing method. The proposed method is illustrated using a dataset obtained from the National Toxicology Program.