• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.311-319
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• 1997

These studies were carried out to develop an artificial cultivation method. The diameter and thickness of pileus ranged $1.5{\sim}7.0\;cm$ and $0.8{\sim}3.0\;cm$, respectively. The diameters of stipe were $1.2{\sim}2.5\;cm$ and the lengthes were $4.5{\sim}9.0\;cm$. The spore fingerprint was white. The sizes were spore $10.8{\sim}12.2{\times}4.35{\sim}5.65\;{\mu}m$, basidia $50.0{\sim}59.2{\times}7.4{\sim}7.8\;{\mu}m$, nalsistidia $21.75{\sim}28.7{\times}4.8{\sim}6.1\;{\mu}m$, pileus hymenium cell $50.6{\sim}66.0{\times}4.4{\sim}6.7\;{\mu}m$, and stipe hymenium cell $28.6{\sim}33.0{\times}5.5{\sim}6.6\;{\mu}m$. The thirty percent mixture of rice and wheat bran into sawdust gives the high density of mycelia and the good development of fruiting structure. The optimum water contents of sawdust substrates were $60{\sim}65%$ in which condition the mycelium grows well and gives high density. In PP bottle cultivation, the first fruiting period was $6{\sim}8$ days earlier in nonscratching samples than scratching ones, but the quantity of fruiting body was higher in scratching samples than nonscratching ones. In the case of PP bag cultivation, the first fruiting was 10 days faster, and the quantity of fruiting bodies was 30% higher in samples with 30% wheat bran than those with rice bran. The fleshiness of stipe was $2{\sim}3$ times harder than that of pileus.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.148-172
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• 1997

Sixty human premolar teeth were used for this in vitro study. After each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally, one half was used for the experimental group and the other half for the control. Three groups were made for each fluoride applying method and twenthy teeth were assigned to each group. Ten teeth were used for evaluating total fluoride amount and the other ten were used for firmly-bound fluoride. Fluorshield was used for fluoride-releasing sealant and 1.23% APF, 0.05% NaF were used for topical application fluorides. Each tooth was cleaned with a tooth brush using nonfluoride containing pumice before the experiment. In the sealant group, fluoroshield was applied to the enamel surface without etching procedure and stored in $37^{\circ}C$ saline for 30 days. After 30 days, sealant was removed with explorer without scratching the enamel surface and washed with distilled water and dried. In the APF group, each tooth was immersed in 1.23% APF for 30 min then washed and dried in the same manner. In the NaF group, each tooth was immersed in 0.05% NaF for 24 hours then washed and dried as described above. After each fluoride regimen was applied, ten teeth were randomly selected from each group and immersed in 1M KOH solution for 24 hours to remove loosely-bound fluoride possibly deposited by the three different fluorides applied. In each group, total fluoride amount deposited and the amount of enamel removed by acid biopsy were calculated. After loosely-bound fluoride was removed, firmly-bound fluoride deposited and the amount of enamel removed by acid biopsy were also calculated. Total fluoride amount deposition was significantly increased in the APF and NaF groups, but not in the sealant group. Amount of enamel removed by acid-biopsy was also significantly diminished in the APF and NaF groups, but not in the sealant groups. After loosely-bound fluoride was removed from each groups, no statistical difference was found in the amount of firmly-bound fluoride in any groups. Also no effect of firmly-bound fluoride on enamel dissolution was shown in any groups after loosely-bound fluoride was removed from each group. In conclusion, topical application method of APF or NaF is more effective than fluoride-releasing sealant application to make $CaF_2$ coating on enamel surface and $CaF_2$ coating is the main source for anticariogenic effect of fluoride. However, longterm anticariogenic effect of fluoride-releasing sealant should be further evaluated.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2017

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is characterized by persistent jaw pain associated with dysfunction and tenderness of the temporomandibular muscles and joints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with red or black ginseng extract helps in the modulation of inflammatory TMJ pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220~260 g were used. The experimental group was subdivided into 4 groups based on the treatment method (n=6, each group): formalin (5%, $30{\mu}l$), formalin after distilled water (vehicle), formalin after red or black ginseng extract (per oral, single or repeated, respectively). To induce TMJ pain, $30{\mu}l$ of formalin was injected into the articular cavity under ether inhalation anesthesia. The number of noxious behavioral responses of scratching the facial region proximal to the injection site was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals following formalin injection. Repeated treatment with red or black ginseng extract reduced the nociceptive responses in the second phase (11~45 min). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level compared to the vehicle group. In the test for liver and kidney functions, repeated treatment with red or black ginseng was not different compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that red and black ginseng extract might be promising analgesic agents in the treatment of inflammatory TMJ pain.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2011

A new cultivar "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR2312 and KNR2596. The parental strains, KNR2312 and KNR2596, are characterized by the property of high quality and a small number of primordia formation, respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25 and that of fruiting body development was $15{\sim}16^{\circ}C$. The period of harvesting including primordia formation was 0.7~1.3 days later than that of control strain Knneutari No. 3 in the culling cultivation. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has a scale like as cobweb. The yield was $93{\pm}9.7$ g per 850 cc of plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial variety "Dan Bi" showed a different profile as that of the control strain, Knneutari No. 3, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer #8005 was used. This new variety "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii is characterized by a small number of primordia formation after scratching.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.209-222
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• 1997

Authors surveyed the ground water near the waste disposed from a fiberglass production factory to confirm the presence of glassfiber in the water and to determine the effect of sampling conditions and storage on the recovery of fibrous materials in the ground water. Sample was collected at every 4 hours for 48 hours consecutively. After finishing the 48 hours sample, water sampling was done from each tap after repeated turning on and off the water for 30 seconds at each time. Sample was collected in the two 1.5 liter polyethylene bottle after vigorously shaking the bottle with the same water several times with the flowing tap water. At each paired sample, one bottle was stored stand still at room temperature, and the other sample was filtered immediately after sampling. Water was filtered on the Mixed Cellulose Ester filter with negative pressure. Each sample was divided into upper and lower layer. The other bottle was stored at room temperature standstill for 7 days and filtered in the same fashion as the other pair of sample did. Each MCE filter was divided into 4 pieces and one piece was treated with acetone to make it transparent. Each prepared sample was observed by two researchers under the light and polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ra microanalysis. Fibers were classified by the morphology and polarizing pattern under the polarizing microscope, and count was done. 1. There was a significant fluctuation in number of the fibers, but there was no specific demonstrable pattern. 2. Non-polarizing fibers frequently disappeared after 7 days's storage. But cluster of fibers were found at the wall of the same container by scratching technique. 3. Polarizing fibers were usually found in between the filter and the manicure pasted area. Possible explanations for this phenomenon will be that either these fibers are very light or have electronic polarity. Hence, these fibers are not able to be attached on the surface of slide glass. 4. Under the scanning electron microscopic examination, the fibers which are not refractive under the light microscopy were identified as glassfiber. Other fibers which is refractive under the polarizing microscopy were identified as magnesium silicate fibers. It is strongly suggested that development of standardized method of sample collection and measurement of fibrous material in the water is needed.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2005

Phase-only encryption scheme using exclusive-OR rules in Fourier plane and a single path decryption system are presented. A zero-padded original image, multiplied by a random phase image, is Fourier transformed and its real-valued data is encrypted with key data by using XOR rules. A decryption is simply performed based on 2-1 setup with spatial filter by Fourier transform for multiplying phase-only encrypted data by phase-only key data, which are obtained by phase-encoding process, and spatial filtering for zero-order elimination in inverse-Fourier plane. Since the encryption process is peformed in Fourier plane, proposed encryption scheme is more tolerant to loss of key information by scratching or cutting than previous XOR encryption method in space domain. Compare with previous phase-visualization systems, due to the simple architecture without a reference wave, our system is basically robust to mechanical vibrations and fluctuations. Numerical simulations have confirmed the proposed technique as high-level encryption and simple decryption architecture.