• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.374-377
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• 2010

Cat scratch disease is a zoonotic disease usually caused by the gram-negative bacterium Bartonella henselae. It is transmitted commonly by scratch or bite from cats or kitten. Cat scratch disease typically affects children and young adults, who develop regional lymphadenopathy. In contrast, in immunocompromised hosts, bacteremia may occur, bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis hepatitis or splenitis are the most common manifestations. Bartonella henselae was detected in three of thirty veterinarians and Bartonella clarridgeiae was detected in one of thirty veterinarians by a novel nested polymerase chain reaction. Cat scratch disease will not be neglected, and it needs continuous studies as well as observation and prevention of this disease.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.26-33
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• 2006

Film restoration is to detect the location and extent of defected regions from a given movie film, and if present, to reconstruct the lost information of each region. It has gained increasing attention by many researchers, to support multimedia service of high quality. In general, an old film is degraded by dust, scratch, flick, and so on. Among these, the most frequent degradation is the scratch. So far techniques for the scratch restoration have been developed, but they have limited applicability when dealing with all kinds of scratches. To fully support the automatic scratch restoration, the system should be developed that can detect all kinds of scratches from a given frame of old films. This paper presents a neurual network (NN)-based texture classifier that automatically detect all kinds of scratches from frames in old films. To facilitate the detection of various scratch sizes, we use a pyramid of images generated from original frames by having the resolution at three levels. The image at each level is scanned by the NN-based classifier, which divides the input image into scratch regions and non-scratch regions. Then, to reduce the computational cost, the NN-based classifier is only applied to the edge pixels. To assess the validity of the proposed method, the experiments have been performed on old films and animations with all kinds of scratches, then the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.127-133
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• 2017

In order to characterize the adhesive properties and failure mechanisms of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films of two different thicknesses (130 nm and $1.2{\mu}m$), deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on a Si substrate, scratch testing with a micro-indenter ($12.5{\mu}m$ tip radius) was performed under a linearly increasing load. These scratch tests were conducted under the same test conditions for both films. The critical load of each film was estimated from the scratch test results, based on a sharp increase in the coefficient of friction and a clear distinction of failure modes. The critical load was the basis for evaluating the adhesion strength of the films, and the $1.2{\mu}m-thick$ DLC film had superior adhesion strength. For better understanding of the failure modes, the following analyses were conducted: friction behavior and scratch tracks analysis using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and 3-D profilometry. The scratch test results showed that failure modes were related to the thickness of the films. The 130 nm-thick DLC film underwent cohesive failure modes (cracks and chipping) before reaching to a gross failure stage. On the other hand, the thicker DLC film ($1.2{\mu}m-thick$) did not exhibit micro cracks before a sudden gross failure of the film together with the evidence of cracking and chipping of the Si substrate.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.639-646
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• 2017

As computational thinking(CT) is gaining focus as a key 21st century skill much attention has been paid to promoting CT through software education. However, more studies are needed to design and implement effective CT assessment methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of three CT assessment methods in a course designed to enhance CT competencies of 52 pre-service teachers with a non-computer science background during one semester. To analyze pre-service teachers' CT competencies, we used 3 CT assessment methods: (1) pre-and post-testing based on Bebras computational thinking challenge questions, (2) Dr. Scratch to analyze group scratch projects automatically, and (3) scratch exam designed in this study to evaluate the development of CT. Our results show the positive effects of integrating assessment methods for promoting CT competencies. We end this paper with the discussion of advantages and implications of this integration.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

This paper proposes a linear scratch detection and restoration algorithm using pixel data comparison in a single frame or consecutive frames. There exists a high parallelism in that a scratch detection and restoration algorithm needs a large amount of comparison operations. The proposed scratch detection and restoration algorithm is designed with a GPU for fast computation. We test the proposed algorithm in sequential and parallel processing with the set of digital videos in National Archive of Korea. In the experiments, the scratch detection rate of consecutive frames is as fast as about 20% for that of a single frame. The detection and restoration rates of a GPU-based algorithm are similar to those of a CPU-based algorithm, but the parallel implementation speeds up to about 50 times.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.162-169
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• 2008

Film restoration is to detect the location and extent of defected regions from a given movie film, and if present, to reconstruct the lost information of each regions. It has gained increasing attention by many researchers, to support multimedia service of high quality. Among artifacts, scratch is the most frequent degradation. In this paper, an automatic film line scratch removal system is developed that can detect and restore all kind of scratches. For this we use the spatial information of scratches: The scratch in old films has lower or higher brightness than neighboring pixels in its vicinity and usually appears as a vertically long thin line. Our systems consists of scratch detection and scratch restoration. The scratches of various types are detected by neural network based texture classifier and morphology-based shape filter and then the degraded regions are restored using bilinear interpolation. To assess the validity of the Proposed method, it has been tested with all kinds of scratches, and then experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust to various scratches and efficient to apply a real film removal system.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2021

In this study, an ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) was used to improve the mechanical properties, scratch resistance and tribological performance of Cu-based bimetals, which are usually used to manufacture sliding bearings and bushings for internal combustion engines (ICEs). Two different Cu-based bimetals, namely CuPb10Sn10 and CuSn10Bi7, were sintered onto a low carbon steel substrate. The mechanical properties and dry tribological performance using a tensile tester and micro-tribo tester were evaluated, respectively. The scratch resistance was assessed using a micro-scratch tester at an incremental load. The tensile test results showed that the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of both Cu-based bimetals increased after UNSM. Furthermore, the scratch and tribological tests results revealed that the scratch resistance and tribological performance of both Cu-based bimetals were improved by the application of UNSM. These improvements were mainly attributed to the eliminated pores, increased hardness and reduced roughness after UNSM. CuSn10Bi7 demonstrated better mechanical properties, scratch resistance and tribological performance than CuPb10Sn10. It was found that the presence of Bi in CuSn10Bi7 formed a Cu₁₁Bi₇ intermetallic phase, which is harder than Cu₃Sn. Hence, CuSn10Bi7 demonstrated higher strength and wear resistance than CuPb10Sn10. In addition, a CuSn10Bi7 formed both SnO₂ and Bi₂O₃ that prevented adhesion and improved the tribological performance. It can be expected that under dry tribological conditions, ICEs can utilize UNSM bearings and bushings made of CuSn10Bi7 instead of CuPb10Sn10 under oil-lubricated conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.773-774
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• 2010

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

Scratch programming comes into the spotlight as Education Programming Language. Especially, it is made better use at educational class by accessibility and visuality in elementary school. But most of latest research is just focus on effective for programming education and prove effectiveness once more. In this study, possibility about curriculum using Scratch programming and specific applicable methods were suggested. This research suggested that how to study with scratch programming through lesson "Make a pattern" in 5th grade Math curriculum at elementary school. And there was reflected that we can verify programming procedure visually and improve creativity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.171-175
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• 2001

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) process has been widely used to planarize dielectrics and metal, which can apply to employed in integrated circuits for sub-micron technology. Despite the increased use of CMP process, it is difficult to accomplish the global planarization of free-defects in inter level dielectrics and metal. Especially, defects like (micro-scratch) lead to severe circuit failure, and affects yield. Current conditioning method - bladder type, orbital pad motion- usually provides unsuitable pad profile during ex-situ conditioning near the end of pad life. Since much of the pad wear occurs by the mechanism of bladder type conditioning and its orbital motion without rotation, we need to implement new ex-situ conditioner which can prevent abnormal regional force on pad caused by bladder-type and also need to rotate the pad during conditioning. Another important study of ADPC is related to the orbital scratch of which source is assumed as diamond grit dropped from the strip during ex-situ conditioning. Scratch from diamond grit damaged wafer severely so usually scraped. Figure 1 shows the typical shape of scratch damaged from diamond. e suspected that intensive forces to the edge area of bladder type stripper accelerated the drop of Diamond grit during conditioning. so new designed Flat stripper was introduced.