• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.447-464
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• 2015

Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in Turkey. The bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. These tires consume valuable landfill space or if improperly disposed, create a fire hazard and provide a prolific breeding ground for rats and mosquitoes. Used tires pose both a serious public and environmental health problem which means that economically feasible alternatives for scrap tire disposal must be found. Some of the current uses of scrap tires are tire-derived fuel, creating barrier reefs and as an asphalt additive in the form of crumb rubber. However, there is a much need for the development of additional uses for scrap tires. One development the creation of shreds from scrap tires that are coarse grained, free draining and have a low compacted density thus offering significant advantages for use as lightweight subgrade fill and backfill material. This paper reports a comprehensive laboratory study that was performed to evaluate the use of a shredded tire-sand mixture as a backfill material in trench conditions. A steel frame test tank with glass walls was created to replicate a classical trench section in field conditions. The results of the test demonstrated that shredded tires mixed with sand have a definite potential to be effectively used as backfill material for buried pipe installations.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.225-229
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• 2001

There are about 41% (by weight) of scrap tires were pulverized to produce rubber powder and granules in the tire recycling industry of Taiwan. However, the reuse of the by-products, steel and fiber, of the scrap tires still needs to be improved. It is difficult to remove the remaining rubber on the surface of steel or fiber. This problem reduce the availability for further reuse of steel and fiber. In addition to the improvement of magnetic, gravity separation techniques or carbonization process, using cryogenic shredding process to separate rubber and fiber (or steel) had been used as another alternative. Cryogenic shredding process for scrap tires showed many advantages, the objective of this paper is to explore the mechanisms for the cryogenic shredding process of scrap tires. Cryo-SEM is used to investigate the topographic information, in-situ, from room temperature to -195$^{\circ}C$ . One square inch shredded tire chips are prepared for SEM study. The percentage of the shrinkage of rubber is also estimated, ca. 6.7%. Mechanisms of cryogenic shredding effects on the tire chips are discussed. The proper practice of cryogenic shredding process far scrap tires is also suggested.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.220-224
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• 2001

Waste tires are a significant problem with the increasing in number of automobiles. Therefore, many researches have been studied on this field. Recycling is the one of the popular method aspect to environmental and economical in the treatment methods of the waste tire, which loads that the reuse of scrap tire rubber has been a challenge in the past. However, it is not easy method to melt down and mold into new products because the in rubber is a cross-linked polymer. Most difficulty in recycling is the recycled product is not economic. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop the high valuable products for reused waste tires. In this paper, we try to make an economic recycled technology using scrapped waste tires. This technology may applied for manufacturing the end products such as a rubber block and a ballast mat for high-speed train.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.337-349
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• 2024

The growing quantity of tires and building trash piling up in landfills poses a serious threat to the stability of the ecosystem. Researchers are exploring ways to reduce and use such byproducts of the construction industry in an effort to promote greener building practices. Thus, using recycled crumb rubber from scrap tires in concrete manufacturing is important for the industry's long-term viability. This study examines the proportion of waste rubber in fiber form, specifically at weight percentages of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Moreover, the study examines the shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams. A total of twelve RC beam specimens, each sized 100 mm by 150 mm by 1000 mm (w × d × L), were constructed and positioned to the test. Various mixtures were designed with different levels of scrap tire rubber content (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and Stirrup Vol. Ratio (2.10, 2.80, and 3.53) in reinforced concrete beams. The findings indicate that the inclusion of scrap rubber in concrete leads to a decrease in both the mechanical characteristics and weight of the material. This is mostly attributed to the lower strength and stiffness of the rubberized concrete. Furthermore, estimations generated by a variety of design codes were examined alongside the obtained data. In order to make a comparison between the estimates provided by the different codes such as ACI 318-14, CEB-FIB and Iranian national building codes, a calculation was done to determine the ratio of the experimental shear strength to the anticipated shear strength for each code.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.230-235
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• 2001

There are more than 15 millions cars or motors in Taiwan. According to the statistics from Environmental Protection Administration, the number of resulting scrap tires are near 110 thousand tons each year. The tire recycle programs in Taiwan were first conducted in 1989 and executed by ROC Scrap Tire Foundation. However, the current efficiency of the tire recycling industry still needs to be improved to minimize the environmental problem or fire hazards caused by scrap tires storage. Ten major tire-recycling factories are surveyed in this study. The investigations include the source of scrap tire, the shredding process, the market of products, the management of wastes disposal, and the difficulties of these sectors. As the varieties of the shredding machines of the recycle factories, there are three kinds of final products which include powder, granular, and chips. The wastes, wires and fibers, produced by the shredding process are the major problems fur all the factories. The percentage of the wire and fiber removal from rubbers still needs to be increased. The best approaches found in this study to increase the efficiency of scrap tire recycling processes are proposed which include the improvement of magnetic separation system fiber/rubber separation system and the minimization of waste disposal. A categorized standard of the processing outputs is suggested as a reference for the decision-making of the tire-recycling factories.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1999

In spite of low energy requirement, and operation and construction cost, biofilters with soil beds have not been operated efficiently. Because of excess moisture in winter and rainy periods, saturated pores in the bed prevent passage and sorption of odorous compounds. Sometimes this results in septic conditions that release previously sorbed and oxidized sulfur. Therefore, an economical and effective alternative needs to be developed. The objectives of this study were to confirm applicability of the granular scrap tires with compost for treating odorous gas as well as to obtain optimum design parameters for proposed system. In lab-scaled test, multiple stage reactors had lower headloss than a single stage reactor and less headloss was occurred for the gas with higher moisture content. For practical purpose, pilot-scaled reactor was operated to remove odor from septic tank, manure and animal wastewater treatment plant and composting machine. According to the results of pilot scaled test, $H_2S$ can be always removed completely and ammonia/amine can be removed excellently when proper moisture content is provided. The results from lab and pilot test showed that granular scrap tire could be replaced with soil as supporting material for biofilter showed excellent drainage because of its ability to reject moisture.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 1994

For recycling of the waste tires, polyurethane binder mixed with the scrapped rubber powders which obtained from tread part of waste tire. This study covered the effect of the binder contents on the mechanical properties of the blend. We also studied the change of the properties after aging on properties compared with those of before aging. The curing reaction of the binder was also investigated in this study. We obtained conclusions the suitable binder content was 15phr in this system.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1996

Nowadays, recycling of waste materials is one of great attention among all industries. Especially, the waste tires become a significant problem with increasing in a number of automobiles. For recycling of the waste tires, a polyurethane binder was mixed with the scrapped rubber powders obtained from tread part of the waste tire. This study covered the effect of processing conditions;curing temperature and curing time;on the mechanical properties of the blend. We also compared the experimental results from labors-tory scale with those from scale-up.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.213-220
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• 1993

The problem of disposing of huge quantities of used tires is of growing concern to every country. As an economical solid waste management, a gasification followed by incineration process was applied to scrap tires to recover heat and to reduce waste volume for final landfill disposal. The gasification temperature, combustible and non-combustible gasified products and possibly produced air pollutants were predicted by changing equivalent mole ratios of carbon to oxygen by a chemical equilibrium model. For a risk assessment of ash toxic pollutants including heavy metals and toxic organics were thoroughly analyzed. Gasification bottom ash contained much more toxic organic compounds than fly ash, whereas fly ash contained higher concentration of heavy metals such as Pb and Cd. Pretreatment or secure landfill technology is suggested for a safe management of ash produced from the gasification incinerators.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.553-566
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• 2019

This study aimed to categorize pervious rubberized concrete into fresh and hardened concrete analyzing its durability, permeability and strength. During the globalization of modern life, growing population and industry rate have signified a sustainable approach to all aspects of modern life. In recent years, pervious concrete (porous concrete) has significantly substituted for pavements due to its mechanical and environmental properties. On the other hand, scrap rubber tire has been also contributed with several disposal challenges. Considering the huge amount of annually tire wastes tossing out, the conditions become worse. Pervious concrete (PC) gap has graded surface assisted with storm water management, recharging groundwater sources and alleviate water run-offs. The results have shown that the use of waste tires as aggregate built into pervious concrete has tremendously reduced the scrap tire wastes enhancing environmental compliance.