• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2006

While most previous studies have developed educational programs for science gifted children and have analyzed the differences between science gifted children and ordinary children using quantitative research methods, few have investigated the differences among the science gifted, especially in terms of the scientific thinking process. The present study was conducted to explore the thinking characteristics of the elementary science gifted according to the three scientific thinking process types during the scientific problem solving process. The study resulted in the collected of quantitative and qualitative data through tests and an interview with questions and scientific problems which required the use of one of the three scientific thinking processes. Ten elementary science gifted children served as interviewees. Two types as an opistemological basis for solving the problems are revealed on inductive thinking problems. Three types are on abductive thinking, and Three or Four types are on deductive. The results are expected to have an influence on the teaching and the evaluation of the elementary science gifted.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.937-954
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• 2008

'과학적 사고의 신장'은 과학교육의 중요한 목표 중의 하나임에도 불구하고, 과학교사가 과학적 사고를 어떻게 개념화하는지에 대한 경험적 연구가 부족하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 4명의 예비 중등 과학교사가 과학적 사고를 어떻게 정의하고, 토론에서 동료 상호작용을 통해 개인적 개념을 어떻게 정교해 가는지를 탐색하였다. 연구 결과로서 첫째, 과학적 사고에 대한 개인적 개념 스펙트럼을 제시하고 둘째, 소집단 및 전체 토론을 통해 가장 논쟁이 활발했던 세 가지 논제에 대하여 개념의 구성과 정교화 과정을 조명하였다. 과학적 사고와 관련된 세 가지 논제는 일상적 대 과학적 사고, 과학지식과 과학적 사고의 관계, 논리적 체계와 증거의 관계를 다룬다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 예비 과학 교사교육에 대한 논의와 향후 연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2004

과학적 창의성은 창의적 사고만으로 발현될 수 없으며, 과학지식내용과 과학적 탐구기능이 함께 사용되게 마련이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 과학적 창의성을 위한 사고, 과학지식내용, 과학적 탐구기능의 3 요소로 구성된 인지적 측면에서의 과학적 창의성 모델을 제안하였다. 그리고 모델의 공통요소로 가치, 독창성, 정교성을 포함시켰다. 최근에는 발산적 사고가 곧 창의적 사고라고 보기보다는, 과학적 창의성에 여러 가지 다양한 사고가 필요하다고 강조해왔다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 논의들에 기초하여, 과학적 창의성을 위한 사고로 발산적 사고, 수렴적 사고, 그리고 연관적 사고를 제안하였다. 인지적 측면의 과학적 창의성 모델에 기초하여 구체적인 과학적 창의성 활동 예시를 제시하고, 어떻게 활동자료가 개발될 수 있는지에 대한 제언을 하였다. 앞으로 연구에서는 구체적으로 다양한 과학적 창의성 활동유형을 정의하고, 유형별 학습지도자료를 개발하게 될 것이다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Factors and causal structures of pre-service elementary teachers about the critical thinking and the scientific literacy competency were investigated in this study. The third grade university students and the first grade university students in the metropolitan city participated in this study. The factor analysis method and the structural equation modeling method were used for the data analysis, and the following results were obtained. First, the third grade university students and the first grade university students recognized 'inquisitive thinking' factor and 'reflective thinking' factor as factors of the critical thinking, and 'scientific explanation' factor and 'evidence-based conclusion' factor as factors of the scientific literacy competency respectively. Second, the third grade university students showed more the influence from 'reflective thinking' factor to 'scientific explanation' factor and from 'reflective thinking' factor to 'evidence-based conclusion' factor than the first grade university students.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.340-352
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• 2019

The purpose of science education is scientific literacy, which is extended in its meaning in the $21^{st}$ century. Students must be equipped with the skills necessary to solve problems from the community beyond obtaining the knowledge from curiosity, which is called 'computational thinking'. In this paper, the authors tried to define computational thinking in science education from the view of scientific literacy in the $21^{st}$ century; (1) computational thinking is an explicit skill shown in the two steps of abstracting the problems and automating solutions, (2) computational thinking consists of concrete components and practices which are observable and measurable, (3) computational thinking is a catalyst for STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education, and (4) computational thinking is a cognitive process to be learned. More implication about the necessity of including computational thinking and its emphasis in implementing in science teaching and learning for the envisioned scientific literacy is added.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.166-176
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the science gifted children's Science Process Skiils and Creativity development by Scientific Writing Program using Thinking maps. To verify research problem, the subject of this study were third-grade students selected from two classes of an elementary scientific gifted students located in Ulsan : the search group is composed of twenty students who were participated in TScientific Writing Program using Thinking maps, and the other is composed of twenty students (comparison group) who were participated in teacher map based instruction in comparison group. Pro-test showed following results: First, the search group showed a significant improvement in the science process skills compared the comparison group. Second, the search group didn't showed a significant improvement in creativity compared in the comparison group. In conclusion, Scientific Writing Program using Thinking maps was more effective than teaching model using the teacher map on science process skill and creativity.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2007

In this study, it is assumed that understanding the nature of science (NOS) would enhance students' performance of scientific inquiry in more authentic ways. The ultimate goal of this study is to suggest new models for developing scientific inquiry activities through understanding the NOS by linking the NOS with scientific inquiry. First, the various definitions and statements of the NOS are summarized, then the features of the developmental nature of scientific knowledge and the nature of scientific thinking based on the philosophy of science are reviewed, and finally a synthetic list of the elements of the NOS is proposed, consisting of three categories: the nature of scientific knowledge, the nature of scientific inquiry, and the nature of scientific thinking. This suggested synthetic list of the NOS is used to suggest a model of scientific inquiry through the understanding of the NOS. This list was designed to provide basic standards regarding the NOS as well as practical guidance for designing activities to improve students' understanding of the NOS.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.237-253
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• 2001

This study examined the effects of the inquiry model on children's scientific thinking ability and processing skills. The experimental classroom of a kindergarten in Seoul was assigned the inquiry model while the control classroom was assigned general scientific education (N=48). Seventeen treatment sessions were applied to the experimental group. Tests to investigate the hypotheses included the Sink and Float Test and a new instrument developed by the researchers. Findings showed that preschoolers receiving the inquiry model of instruction gained higher scores in scientific thinking ability and processing skills than the preschoolers in the classroom using the general scientific education model. In sum, this study proved the superior effect of the inquiry model in developing children's scientific skills and ability.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

This study was to analyse the understanding of the concepts of science based on the 6th graders' levels of logical thinking in elementary schools. To achieve the goal of this study, logical thinking test was given to 108 6th graders of elementary school and 32 students were interviewed. The result of this study was as follows. First, 61.1% of students were in concrete operational period in their logical thinking, 27.8% were in their transitional period, and 11.1% were in their formal operational period. By using Flow-Map, 32 students were analyzed and their levels of logical thinking was significantly associated with their understanding of concept. Students' flexibility of cognitive structure was significantly associated with logical thinking and the levels of understanding concepts as well. However, misconception didn't show significant association with levels of logical thinking. Second, the characters of understanding of scientific concept by their levels of logical thinking was that as you get higher levels of logical thinking, their cognitive structure to understand concept was more systemized, in order and more logical. The result of this study suggested the followings in science experiment class. First, 6th graders of elementary schools had various levels of logical thinking and that affected to their understanding of scientific concepts. Therefore, lesson planning and class should be done by reflecting their different levels of logical thinking. Second, since they had different levels of logical thinking, various teaching methods should be utilized to make students understand scientific concepts more systematically.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.219-237
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 생각 지도를 이용한 반성적 사고 촉진 전략이 초등학생의 반성적 사고, 과학학업성취도 및 과학적 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 6학년 2개 학급을 실험반과 비교반으로 나누어서 실험반에는 반성적 사고 촉진 전략을 활용한 수업을 처치하였고, 비교반에는 전통적인 지도서 위주의 수업을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 생각 지도를 이용한 반성적 사고 전략은 초등학생의 반성적 사고력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 둘째, 생각 지도를 이용한 반성적 사고 전략은 초등학생의 과학 학업성취도 향상에 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 못했다. 셋째, 생각 지도를 이용한 반성적 사고 전략은 초등학생의 과학적 태도 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 넷째, 생각 지도를 이용한 반성적 사고 전략을 활용한 수업에 대한 학생들의 만족도는 매우 높았고, 대부분의 학생들은 과학 수업에 대한 흥미가 높아졌다.