• 영재교육연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.945-959
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• 2011

과학영재를 가르칠 때 고려해야할 중요한 요소로 거론 되는 것 중 하나는 창의성이다. 과학 영재들에게 창의성을 향상시키는 방법은 여러 가지가 있지만, 과학자처럼 사고하고 탐구할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 것도 한 가지 방법이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 과학영재의 창의성을 신장시키기 위해 창의적 화학자 '폴링'의 연구과정을 분석하였다. 분석에 활용한 자료는 폴링의 일대기와 연구 사례, 인터뷰 자료들이다. 이러한 자료들을 분석하여 창의적 사고방법과 연구방법 요소들을 각각 추출할 수 있었다. 창의적 사고방법 요소로는 귀추적 사고, 모순, 관점의 전환, 모형화, 단순화, 은유적 사고, 발산적 사고, 수렴적 사고가 추출되었다. 연구방법 요소는 반복 실험, 공동연구, 이론과 실험의 병행, 과학자의 사회적 책임이 추출되었다. 이러한 요소들을 과학영재를 지도할 때 사용하는 교육프로그램에 포함시킨다면 과학영재들은 창의적 과학자와 같은 행동을 따라함으로써 창의성 신장에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.475-493
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• 2020

In Korea, the lower elementary grades are applying a topic-oriented integrated curriculum. It causes a lack of science content and inquiry experience for young children. The purpose of this study is to understand the scientific experiences and perceptions of the lower elementary graders and to inquire about the meaning of those experiences in their science learning. Four students (male 2, female 2), their parents, and their first-year homeroom teachers participated in the study. The data collection was mainly conducted through in-depth interview of them. Results showed that the 'experiments' were the student's the main perception of science, and the epistemic emotion that students mainly feel about science was 'curiousness'. Since most experiences were dependent on non-formal educational experience, the parents were an important factor to determine their experiences about science. Various factors, such as students' scientific experiences, their epistemic emotions, and the parents, interacted to form children's perception of science. The positive perception of science affected the level of motivation and expectation for science learning as the third grade. It is suggested that improvement of curriculum and textbooks should emphasize scientific exploration for the lower graders of elementary school, which provides them meaningful scientific experience in school.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.314-335
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of students' prior knowledge on scientific reasoning process performing a task of controlling variables with computer simulation and to identify a number of problems that students encounter in scientific discovery. Subjects for this study included 60 Korean students: 27 fifth-grade students from an elementary school; 33 seventh-grade students from a middle school. The sinking objects task involving multivariable causal inference was used. The task was presented as computer simulation. The fifth and seventh-grade students participated individually. A subject was interviewed individually while the investigating a scientific reasoning task. Interviews were videotaped for subsequent analysis. The results of this study indicated that students' prior knowledge had a strong effect on students' experimental intent; the majority of participants focused largely on demonstrating their prior knowledge or their current hypothesis. In addition, studnets' theories that were part of one's prior knowledge had significant impact on formulating hypotheses, testing hypothesis, evaluating evidence, and revising hypothesis. This study suggested that students' performance was characterized by tendencies to generate uninformative experiments, to make conclusion based on inconclusive or insufficient evidence, to ignore, reject, or reinterpret data inconsistent with their prior knowledge, to focus on causal factors and ignore noncausal factors, to have difficulty disconfirming prior knowledge, to have confirmation bias and inference bias (anchoring bias).

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2016

Through the systematic analysis on articles about the environment in newspapers, the news reports were considered as effective materials, so after being reconstructed, they were used as learning materials in a lesson on environment contamination which is newly introduced in Earth Science I from the 2009 curriculum revision. To examine students' attitude toward science, before and after NIE application to the students, Test of Science Related Attitudes(TOSRA) as a test tool was carried out which was composed of 7 categories - four optional questionnaires for each category, 28 in total were used. The result was as follows: in a pretest, based upon the average scores by factors the factors ranked from the highest to the lowest as follows: the social meaning of science, the acceptance of the scientific attitude, the commonness of a scientist, the attitude to scientific exploration, the pleasure in science class, the vocational interest in science, the concern over science as a hobby, and in posttest, their ranking as follows: the acceptance of the scientific attitude, the pleasure in science class, the commonness of a scientist, the social meaning of science, the attitude to scientific exploration, the vocational interest in science, the concern over science as a hobby. Also they were all statistically significant at a significant level p<0.05. However, the test revealed that there were some negative effects on the social meaning of science and the attitude to scientific exploration and therefore it is judged that in order to overcome those influences, some bright articles about solving the environment contamination should be applied to the lessons and be complemented effectively by experiments and various media: NIE as well as science magazines, data from Internet search and treatises on science.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 자유탐구 활동에서 나타난 중학교 2학년 과학 영재 학생들의 과학적 추론 능력을 알아보는 것이다. 과학영재들이 과학자가 지식을 얻는 과정과 유사한 자유탐구 활동을 실시할 때 어떠한 과학적 추론과정을 거쳐 탐구하고 있으며 과학적 추론 능력이 어느 정도인지를 확인하고 분석하는 것은, 학생 지도에 있어서 교육적 시사점을 줄 수 있다. 이를 위하여 정선희 등(2011)이 번역한 Dolan과 Grady(2010)의 CSRI Matrix를 이용하여 추론 복잡성을 분석하였으며, 추론 복잡성이 높을수록 과학자가 지식을 얻는 과학적 추론 과정과 비슷하다. 연구 결과, 자유탐구의 과정별로 추론 복잡성 단계는 다양하게 분포하였다. 특히 의문 생성 과정과 연구 의문과 자료 연결 과정은 5개 팀이 모두 비교적 높은 추론 복잡성 단계를 나타낸 반면, 예비가설 생성과정 변인 선택 실험의 한계나 결점 고려 등은 비교적 낮은 단계를 나타내었다. 그리고 의사소통 및 연구 결과 방어는 가장 다양한 추론 복잡성 단계 분포를 나타내었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.787-795
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 SSC를 활용한 과학 실험수업이 고등학생의 과학성취도와 과학적 태도에 주는 효과를 알아보는 데 있다. 이 연구를 위해 몇 가지 SSC 실험들이 고등학교 과학 교과서의 5가지 실험 주제에 대하여 고안되었다. 부산에 있는 고등학교의 두 학급을 선정하여 비교집단과 실험집단으로 배치하였다. 34명으로 구성된 실험집단은 SSC를 활용한 과학 실험수업에 참가하였고, 37명으로 이루어진 비교집단은 전통적 실험수업에 참여하였다. 이 연구의 주요 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째,SSC를 활용한 과학 실험수업은 과학성취도 면에서 두 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 갖게 한다. SSC를 활용한 과학 실험수업은 파지효과가 있다. 둘째,SSC를 활용한 과학 실험수업은 과학적 태도 면에서 두 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 갖게 한다. SSC를 활용한 학습은 학생들의 과학적 태도 형성에 좋은 영향을 준다. 결론적으로 SSC를 활용한 과학 실험수업은 학생들의 과학성취도와 과학적 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치므로 적극 개발하여 현 교실에 적용할 필요가 충분하다는 것이다. 이에 앞으로 학교 현장에 바로 투입할 수 있을 만큼 적합하고 다양한 SSC를 활용한 자료가 개발되는 것은 물론,실제 적용되어 현 수업의 질 향상에 영향을 줄 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1381-1386
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• 2018

Animal experiments are essential to the study of animal nutrition. Because of the large variations among individual animals and ethical and economic constraints, experimental designs and statistical analyses are particularly important in animal experiments. To increase the scientific validity of the results and maximize the knowledge gained from animal experiments, each experiment should be appropriately designed, and the observations need to be correctly analyzed and transparently reported. There are many experimental designs and statistical methods. This editorial does not aim to review and present particular experimental designs and statistical methods. Instead, we discuss some essential elements when designing an animal experiment and conducting statistical analyses in animal nutritional studies and provide guidelines for submitting a manuscript to the Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences for consideration for publication.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.110-111
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• 2013

This research studies in the field of domestic fires are an issue in many scientific fire research as a research method to validate the domestic environment and ISO-9705 housing on the basis of experiments in virtual space by making a single fire compartment space for conducting experiments and Appearance of a fire occurring within each flammable Heat Release Rate analysis was carried out mainly. Placed within the space of one flammable HRR calculated as the sum of the number of single-room fire experiments conducted and the results compared with the value in comparing the conduct of fire locations and fire load within the building area of the future, the HRR value represents the change in domestic a consideration of the safety of the building is to propose matters.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2020

통계학적 실험계획법(DOE)은 수십 년 동안 산업계에서 품질을 개선하기 위해 사용되어온 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 화학공학 분야에서 통계적 실험계획법이 적용된 사례 115건을 검토해 보았다. 모든 사례는 지난 10년간 주요 과학저널에 발표된 내용이다. 적용되는 설계 유형, 실험 규모, 반응 변수에 영향을 미치는 요인 및 수준의 수 및 적용 분야가 분석되었다. 무엇보다 통계학적 실험계획법에 관련된 연구논문이 점차 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2020

This study analyzed the characteristics of "free inquiry" products for scientifically-gifted elementary school students. To do this, 5~6 graders (n=99) at a gifted science education institutes in Seoul were selected. The products (n=82) of "free inquiry" submitted by the students in 2018 and 2019 were analyzed according to their contents and method types. The analysis of the results showed that the free inquiry outputs of scientifically-gifted students tended to not include the scientific knowledge of the upper grades than the corresponding students. In the outputs, the scientific knowledge in different grades were often not linked. There were relatively many cases of convergence of knowledge in various science and/or non-science subjects and knowledge of 'physics', whereas knowledge of 'earth science' were the least. The outputs were more often aimed at "finding scientific facts" than "development and invention" and tended to target non-living things rather than living things. The scientifically-gifted students tended to conduct free inquiry using 'experimental-centered inquiry' by themselves rather than by group. They were also most likely to conduct experiments only once, and did not clearly write down the period of their inquiry. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.