• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2011

In the 18th century, Xu Lingtai (徐靈胎) and Yoshimasu Todo (吉益東洞) were medical revolutionaries. They emphasized researches about synthesis of formulae, efficacy of medication and observation and then classification of clinical phenomena, so they assumed a modern scientific character. But, there were clear differences between their academic thoughts. In this paper, we examine the causes of difference in three fields, i.e. traditional culture, viewpoints of talented people and academic personality. The first, difference was due to traditional culture. Chinese medicine has a long history and heavy traditional culture. Yin-Yang (陰陽) theory, Five Phase(五行) theory, Viscera and Bowels (臟腑) theory and Meridian and Collateral (經絡) theory stemmed from everyday practice, and Chinese people learn these theories from experience and observation. From the standpoint of Chinese people, particularly scholarly doctors [儒醫] such as Xu Lingtai, it was easy to debate medical theories. In contrast, Japanese traditional culture didn't have as long a history as China. Thus as a necessity, it was harder to disseminate traditional Chinese medicine theories in Japan. Yoshimasu Todo simplified it by cutting out the superfluous traditional Chinese medicine theory, so at that time it must have been shocking to the Japanese medical world's trends. The second, difference was due to viewpoints of talented experts. From the standpoint of Xu Lingtai, above all, medicine is just a learning, only a kind of technique, even more not a means of living. Xu Lingtai was concerned with the appearance of very talented experts such as 'great man' (偉人), and 'exceptional man' (奇士) who carried out medical research. Instead of cultivating a few talented people, Yoshimasu Todo tried to produce a large number of clinicians quickly who could treat ordinary people. The third was due to personality difference. As Xu Lingtai threw away Confucianism and studied medicine in his youth, although he had a critical attitude, he was always mild-mannered. Yoshimasu Todo always had a clearly critical and rebellious nature. Personality influenced their literary spirit and learning style, so although both advocated reactionism, the academic thought of Xu Lingtai was reformative and mild, while that of Yoshimasu Todo was revolutionary and fierce. Xu Lingtai and Yoshimasu Todo had considerably similar research domains and academic thought, so it is proper for them both to serve as examples for making a comparative study of medical history in China and Japan in 18th century.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.588-597
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• 2015

This study is to distribute 5-year-old nuri curriculum science education contents in child picture books, and to investigate the categorical difference of science education contents between domestic and foreign picture books and among genres. The subjects were 219 picture books for children from 4 to 7, listed in which is published by Children's Book Study Group in 2012 and 2013. The research tool was from the article of 5-year-old nuri curriculum nature study, to analyze the contents of young children science education in the child picture books. Content analysis categories was set to two upper-categories and seven sub-categories. Research data were calculated in the analysis of the frequency and percentage of each item's category by the method of analysis conformity. In conclusion, first, in the analyzed result of the upper categories of young children science education contents in 219 picture books, the frequency appeared in order of 'Curious to maintain and expand', 'Learn living things and the natural environment', 'To explore the investigation technique', 'To enjoy the investigation technique', 'Utilize simple tools and machines', 'To search objects and materials', 'Learn natural phenomena'. Second, in the compared result between the domestic and foreign picture books and among genres, "scientific inquiry" is appeared more than "fostering an attitude of exploration".

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.27.1-27.1
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• 2008

KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) is developing a compact wide-field survey space telescope system, MIRIS (The Multi-purpose IR Imaging System) to be launched in 2010 as the main payload of the Korea Science and Technology Satellite 3. Through recent System Design Review (SDR) and Preliminary Design Review (PDR), most of the system design concept was reviewed and confirmed. The near IR imaging system adopted short F/2 optics for wide field low resolution observation at wavelength band 0.9~2.0 um minimizing the effect of attitude control system. The mechanical system is composed of a cover, baffle, optics, and detector system using a $256\times256$ Teledyne PICNIC FPA providing a $3.67\times3.67$ degree field of view with a pixel scale of 51.6 arcsec. We designed a support system to minimize heat transfer with Muti-Layer Insulation. The electronics of the MIRIS system is composed of 7 boards including DSP, control, SCIF. Particular attention is being paid to develop mission operation scenario for space observation to minimize IR background radiation from the Earth and Sun. The scientific purpose of MIRIS is to survey the Galactic plane in the emission line of Pa$\alpha$ ($1.88{\mu}m$) and to detect the cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation. The CIB is being suspected to be originated from the first generation stars of the Universe and we will test this hypothesis by comparing the fluctuations in I (0.9~1.2 um) and H (1.2~2.0 um) bands to search the red shifted Lyman cutoff signature.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2001

To approach science education for all which has been required in STS program, it is indispensable to develop variously differentiated education courses that are suitable for various students. In order to do that, we have to abstract essential items that are dealt with in common from science textbook which is regarded as the kernel of science education. Then, these items are developed by fitting for each level-STS science study models. The purpose of this study is to improve the level-based investigation competence by applying these models to various level learning. We obtained some results as the following: First, there has been a positive change for attitude to study science in part. Second, we find the materials in our life and this study is relating to science, technique and society. So we find out the fact that there is close connection between science technique and our life. And also it helps encourage to learn. Third, in the process of searching for and producing STS materials, students have a chance to study for themselves by working out self-leading research activity. Finally, students can reduce a preconception that science is difficult by encouraging attitudes to search for and make our problems in our life scientifically and the habits thinking of and understanding our daily life itself in the scientific sight.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.106-106
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• 2014

SIGMA (Scientific cubesat with Instrument for Global Magnetic field and rAdiation)는 근 지구공간에서 우주방사선량 측정과 자기장 변화 검출의 과학적 목적과 교육적 목적을 가지고 개발하고 있는 초소형 큐브위성이다. $100mm{\times}100mm{\times}340.5mm$의 크기로 약 3.6 kg의 무게를 가지며, 탑재체는 방사선에 대하여 인체와 동일한 산란 흡수 특성을 가진 Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC)와 자기장 측정을 위한 Magnetometer (Mag)이다. 위성체는 구조계, 자세제어계, 전력계, 명령 및 데이터처리계, 통신계로 구성되어있다. 구조계는 위성의 뼈대인 Chassis와 Mag deployer로 이루어져있고, 위성의 안정적인 자세유지를 목적으로 Attitude Control System (ACS) Board와 Torque Coil이 자세제어계로 구성된다. 전력의 생산과 공급 및 충전은 태양전지판과 Electrical Power System (EPS), 리튬 배터리로 구성된 전력계에서 이뤄지며, 명령 및 데이터처리계는 On Board Computer (OBC)와 Instrument Interface board (IIB)를 중심으로 서브시스템의 명령체계와 데이터처리를 다룬다. 통신계는 Uplink인 VHF 안테나와 Downlink인 UHF, S-band 안테나로 구성되며 지상과 명령을 송수신한다. SIGMA는 타임인터럽트 기능을 활용한 Flight Software (FSW)로 운용되며 임무에 따른 6가지 모드의 시나리오로 위성을 운용한다. 이에 SIGMA의 개발과 테스트 결과를 소개한다. 본 큐브위성 개발기술을 바탕으로 향후 천문관측용 위성에도 활용할 예정이다.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2006

Phenomena experienced by all individuals and cultural interpretation of such phenomena seem to be irrelevant to the change of time. The subject dream to be discussed in this study is one of them. Nevertheless, people's attitude of understanding dreams in the past is obviously different from the contemporary one, and the interpretation of dreams reveals the science of the corresponding age. Bishop Daveluy, a missionary to Chosun in the mid 19th century, observed Korean people's hardly understandable response to dreams. According to his explanation, Chosun people regarded what they saw in a dream as a fact. It might have been quite long that a dream is regarded as a sign of the future. However, how a dream can be a sign of the future is explained different according to the science of the corresponding age. Many records on dreams since the late Koryo Dynasty and the early Chosun Dynasty did not give satisfactory answers to this question. However, new interpretations of dreams were attempted occasionally in the process that the Sung Confucian view of nature in the Chosun Dynasty was being matured. One of such interpretations is that a dream is obviously a phenomenon of human cognition and there is a rule behind dreams. I t was believed that the rule is a flow of energy defined by reason penetrating through the past, the present and the future and, as a consequence, dreams are future oriented. The view that a dream is a phenomenon with a causal relation is observed more specifically in medicine. I t was understood basically as a pathological phenomenon but, at the same time, a substance in an organic relation with the human body. In addition, it was understood as the results of facts (physiological and pathological processes) experienced by the body in the past and the sign of diseases in the future. However, from the viewpoint of contemporary science based on empirical rationalism, such foreseeability is fundamentally unacceptable. In contemporary science, in which scientific analysis of phenomena has to be of the past tense, dreams exist as the representations of the past. What Bishop Daveluy saw in Korean people was a phenomenon observed when the pre modern met the modern as pre modern people's life and idea were viewed from a modern people's eye.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.369-388
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• 2002

21th century that is repealing change is making the world that can enjoy human spiritual character and freedom wholeheartedly. Therefore, meet hereupon arid design may have to bring conversion to position of beginning that can be software at position that is hardware look raw and result look who is wrapping last result arts provide cause. Therefore, user supposes that do difficult form in that recognize things form, and that difference about attribution reaction may do differ and contradictory attribution reaction while specially 40s and 50s recognize product form laying stress on external form embodiment of product form meaning by guess and this research compares and investigates attribution process for human's attribution reaction instinct and attribution reaction type through scientific, theoretical considerations about form and things theoretically and defined cause reasoning in design. And designed product that things are recognized whether felt thing in product form is what hearing example relation sex between analysis and form of meaning induction by attribution leading person about subjective estimation reaction through literature arrange, and analyze and defined if cause some effect to designed product because drawing urea about attribution reaction through an experiment. And presented model about design access method and forward pratical use possibility and hereafter subject together with conclusion.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.106-119
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• 2012

In order to promote national competition on knowledge based-society in 21centuries, it is important for us to train talented people who have much creativity. Comparing curriculums and contents studied in SECG (Science Education Center for the Gifted) and other organizations is object of this thesis. Finding implications of proper GATE(gifted and talented education) by understanding the present conditions is also a part of this thesis. We select 5 Science Education Centers for the Gifted and devise framework for analysis in order to analyze chemical textbooks in GATE programs. The framework consists of 6 categories including the contents, the level of activities, the opening extent of experiments, and the ability to think creatively. In our study of textbooks, we have found that the contents of chapters are divided properly but lacked the field of frontier and convergence science. Their activity types will have to develop programs which consist of various activities such as lectures and experiments. Precedent studies and study activities to promote scientific thinking were rated highly in general ratio. The level of studies that we analyzed lacked creative activities very much. In the opening extent of experiments, activities in the level 2 and the level 3 were low-rate. And in our study of thinking creatively, activities of promotion for expanded and related-ability to think seemed to lack. In order to achieve specific education for the gifted children, developments of GATE program is required. In the in-depth analysis from the questionnaires of Likert's method's descriptions, narrations, and interviews, it is divided into two answers in depth: contents of program, management of program. These also divided into two answers by attitude: positive answer or negative answer. According to the responses of the contents of program, the result of analysis shows that most respondents have positive reactions to not only contents and the managing method of SECG programs, but also to individual enhancing-abilities overall.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1989

Cooking practice is keenly related to not only the betterment of family health but to the improvement of dietary life. Cooking is a kind of practical skill and one is skill in it by repeated practice. The aim of cooking practice in school is to fix cooking method practically and scientifically, to acquire cooking skill. To achieve this aim there are many unrecognized or unsolved problems in the first-line schools. The problems and efficient ways of cooking practice in the middle and high school are as follows； 1. The aim of cooking practice： It should be first of all remembered that the practice is so practical that the knowledge and skill of cooking should be related to the future domestic life. Second, the practice should be able to serve the communal and national life by scientifying and improving life. 2. The content of the practice： First, it should be so arranged step by step that the content of each year should not be repeated. Second, the ratio of Korean cooking practice should be increased and the material of the practice should be chosen in consideration of the peculiarity of the community, seasons and economical problems so that it may be applied to the very day life. Third, to improve dietary life, the practice should be a way of the simplification of dietary life, of the nutritional efficiency. Forth, for the betterment of physical condition of the family the practice should involve balanced dietary plans and dietary therapy. 3. Teaching method： First, the practice should be scientific and comprehensive in consideration of not only cooking skills but also knowledge of nutrition. Second, micro-class system should be adopted, and practice labor should be allotted each student to develop cooperative attitude and the sense of responsibility. Third, in addition to the practice conducted in a body, comparative cooking, applicable cooking and experimental ability and the content of the text. Fourth, teachers should let the students examine and find problems by bringing them to a focus on the basis of theory. 4. Administration method： First, the practice schedule should be planned that a class has practices at least more than twice a semester. Second, two hours of class should be continued without cessation after beforehand survey and theory study. Third, facilities and utensils for practice should be enlarged. That is, cooking practice rooms, tools, utensils should be prepared. Fourth, enough cost of practice should be secured. The above mentioned points show the present situation and problems with which cooking practice teaching is confronted. In order to normalize cooking practice teaching, the first-line schools should give the above mentioned problems their careful consideration and improve the present situation so that efficient, creative, practical cooking practice will be possible.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.351-367
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• 1999

This study aims to study the discourses influencing high school students' concept and attitude toward mathematics, and to examine how gender differences concerning mathematical aptitude are created. This study is based on the results of previous two studies which suggested that mathematical competence differs not only according to gender, region and school year, but also even within the same gender. For this study, 12 students ranking in the top 10% at two co-ed high schools were interviewed to find out 1) what discourses are related to gender and mathematics, 2) in what way these discourses are formulated and gain currency, and 3) how they have affected students in general. Common notions concerning mathematics may be summed up as follows: 1) Most of the students believe that gender difference in mathematical aptitude results because biologically men tend to be strong in mathematics and analytical skills while women tend to have better linguistic ability. This concept can help male students' studying to have a greater learning toward mathematics. 2) A large number of the students believe that male students' studying method is based on comprehension whereas female students' method is based on retention, and hence the former group tends to be better at applying their learning than the latter group. This notion seres to encourage male students and discourage female students from tackling difficult mathematical problems. 3) Many students believe that, although female students may surpass their male counterparts in middle school or the first year of high school, they will eventually fall behind by the 3rd year. Despite research which shows that these common beliefs are not grounded in scientific proof, high-school girls, who may be strong in mathematics, lose self-confidence and feel a sense of crisis. The mechanisms which produce and reinforce such concepts as those mentioned above can be summarized as follows: 1) Regarding the choice of majors and future career paths, parents show different attitudes toward sons and daughters, and this tends to influence high-school girls and hinders them from entering mathematics-related fields. 2) Teachers with value systems based on stereo-typed gender roles affect students a great deal, and give different advice according to gender of their students, for selecting their major fields - for instance, whether to study the natural sciences as opposed to humanities. 3) This study indicates that peer-group behavior, of either support or exclusion, also reinforces the process of internalizing notions of gender difference related to mathematical aptitude. 4) The gender-based notion that men are naturally more inclined to have better mathematical ability has caused male students to choose the natural science subjects and female students to turn to the humanities. The discourses discussed above, propagated in schools and homes, and in the mass media, are continually reinforced along with general gender inequalities in the society at large.