• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.59-70
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• 2006

Narratologists have long raised the question of how narrative theories could be applied to other disciplines that involve stories and storytelling. Focusing on recently revitalized concepts of space, sequence, and story, this article attempts to illustrate narrative constructions in various fields of arts and humanities and examine them particularly in typographical works. Through the concept of narrativity, this article highlights the prevalent uses of narrative in typography and scrutinizes the ways in which a sense of storyness is forming and emerging in some typographical works. Particularly emphasized are the importance of and interplay between the formal and cultural attributes of narrative that transform the spatial world of visual images to the temporal world of stories. Narrative is arguably the most familiar, interesting, and effective medium of communication regardless of age, race, and culture, and can be critically rethought to apply to typography and design.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.71-84
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of preschoolers'narrative competence. The subject were 60 preschoolers aged 3 through 5 years who were enrolled in the day care center All the subjects were asked to produce a new story. All the story children toad were recorded on audiotape. The data were analyzed Qualitatively and quantitatively using content analysis and the statistical package for Social Science 9.0. The main results of this study were as follows. 1) Significant age difference was observed in preschooler's narrative structure. Older children produced structurally more complex stories containing setting, character, initiating event, attempt and consequence than younger children. 2) Significant age difference was observed in preschooler's narrative length. Older children used significantly more words and sentence when they produced stories than younger children.3) Preschooler'narrative structure was significantly correlated with narrative length.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.211-249
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• 2006

This study investigated how many and which articles readers read in daily newspapers. Distinguished from previous research that measured readers' perception of their reading habits, this study picked up readers who read the newspaper in the morning, showed them every article in the newspaper, and asked them whether they read each article. This method enhanced the accuracy of measuring subjects‘ reading behavior. According to the results, 6.2% of the readers read at least half of the articles of the general section in the newspaper. Fewer readers went over the economic section of the newspaper. It was 4.1% of the readers. There were only 1.1% of readers who did not read any article of the general section, but the rate soared to 26.5% for the economic section. Many newspaper readers did not skip the first five pages of the newspaper, however the highest readership pages were found in the national coverage located in the middle of the general section. On the other hand, few readers read the articles on pages covering culture, international issues, and people. Readership of the top stories showed some unexpected results. The top stories of national coverage located in the middle of the general section were read by more readers than the top stories of the front pages. This study also investigated the difference between young and old readers. The readers of twenties and thirties did not read as many top stories on major pages and editorials as the readers of forties and older.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The definition of an apartment is a building more than 5 stories high and which is the standard law. Currently, the number of apartments is increasing much faster than detached houses. Owning an apartment is a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of apartments has been increasing the number of apartment fires which also has been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire extinguisher among other fire facilities because it is important for initial fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire extinguisher that is in the underground parking lot of 40 apartment complexes which are more than 10 stories. Survey and analysis were conducted for 80 fire extinguishers. There are two fire extinguishers for each apartment. The result of this study is that all installed fire extinguishers are ABC dry chemical type, 92% of them is 3.3kg and that meet the legal height(less than 1.5m). However, the condition such as appearance, inspection, manufactured year, appearance of signs, material of signs, size of signs, etc. was insufficiency. So improvement of law and system that are fire facility construction, maintenance implementation and additional designation of type approval about sign will be needed in my opinion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2011

There are many countermeasures collected by field experts, safety managers with their subjective decisions, without analysis. Subcontractor does not know which one of those can be more defective countermeasures. More weighted countermeasures should be taken for subcontractor's economical aspects. But there are almost no measures with useful weight so that subcontractors can select some as they need more effective even though there are not many measures at construction sites. AHP technique has been introduced into the analysis of counter measures for subcontractor. Countermeasures which car collected from field-experienced safety engineers have been weighed with frequency rate saying how many responders selected. And then, they are analyzed by AHP Technique for making out relative important level of the countermeasures, by each step such as Direct, Indirect, Management level, and policy level, quantitatively. AHP level in the study is composed of two stories, not three stories, in order to make respondents easier when they are asked. At least 15-year-experienced expert are asked for AHP questionnaire.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to generate industrial insights for developing sports movie industry. Related studies are scare. Research design, data, and methodology: The study employed case study and selected typical case samples who seem informative about sport movie industry. The authors interviewed six experts who are experienced in sport movie and related academic sector. Interviews were audio-taped and the text were decoded by multiple reading. Through this process, the study categorized significant meanings and produced results. Interviewees reviewed again the final findings to confirm validity, which calls member check. Results: It was suggested that developmental factors of sports movie were the realization of realistic sports scenes by using technologies. Second, participants told that contents of sport movie need to reflect real stories and it should tell the stories. Regarding constraints of sport movies, movie producers feel difficulty to make scenes in that sports are inherently quickly performed. Another constraints are that production cost is expensive but audiences are barely attended. Conclusions: For promoting economic outcomes and developing sport movie industry, government needs to financially support related markets to support sport movie producers assisting them to concentrate their movie works. Future directions for related-studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.12-30
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• 2013

The main aim of this study was to investigate side dishes served to guests of head families (Jong-ga) in Korea. In order to conduct of this research, we analyzed two books published by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) on the foods and the stories from head families: "Sharing beyond succession, stories and foods from the head families" and "Aesthetics of Serving". The total number of head families serving foods to guests was 10: 5 from Gyeongsangbuk-do, 2 from Jeollanam-do, 1 from Gyeonggi-do, 1 from Gyeongsangnam-do, and 1 from Chungcheongbuk-do. We classified the foods into 7 categories, staple dishes, side dishes, rice cakes, desserts, beverages, alcoholic beverages and others, on the basis of previous studies. Most foods served to guests were side dishes (119). These were further classified into 14 categories: Guk Tang, Namul, Hwe, Bokkeum, Mareunchan, Gui, Jorim, Pyeonyuk Jokpyoen Suran, Jiim Seon, Jeon Jeok, Jangajji, Kimchi, Jeotgal Sikhae and Jang. The most common side dish was Jangs (17), served by 8 head families. The next most common side dishes were Marenchan (15), Jeon Jeok (14) and Kimchi (11).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.473-480
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• 2005

The cost of the construction and management of new apartment buildings was evaluated using a monetary analysis and an emergy concept to provide a new perspective regarding the housing policy of Korea. The systems of analyses were typical apartment buildings with an area of $76.03m^2$ per household in Korea built on the same size of land area. Three apartment buildings with different stories were evaluated and compared; 5-story, 15-story, and 20-story apartment buildings. The durable years of those apartments were assumed to be 40 years. The total cost of the construction and management of an apartment building was divided into three categories of construction, land purchase, and management. A 20-story apartment showed the highest cost and a 15-story apartment the lowest in the monetary cost analysis. In contrast, the emergy evaluation revealed a different pattern in the cost of construction and management, the cost increasing from a 5-story apartment to a 20-story one. This means that the higher the apartment constructed, the greater the cost in terms of real wealth. This result suggests that new evaluation methodologies like the emergy analysis should be used together with the monetary analysis to provide better insights on the national housing policy.

• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

An innovative multi-story Semi-Active Tuned Mass Damper (SATMD) building system is proposed to control seismic response of existing structures. The application of adding new stories as large tuned mass and semi-active (SA) resettable actuators as central features of the control scheme is derived. For the effective control of the structures, the optimal tuning parameters are considered for the large mass ratio, for which a previously proposed equation is used and the practical optimal stiffness is allocated to the actuator stiffness and rubber bearing stiffness. A two-degree-of freedom (2-DOF) model is adopted to verify the principal efficiency of the suggested structural control concept. The simulations for this study utilizes the three ground motions, from SAC project, having probability of exceedance of 50% in 50 years, 10% in 50 years, and 2% in 50 years for the Los Angeles region. 12-story moment resisting frames, which are modified as '12+2' and '12+4' story structures, are investigated to assess the viability and effectiveness of the system that aims to reduce the response of the buildings to earthquakes. The control ability of the SATMD scheme is compared to that of an uncontrolled and an ideal Passive Tuned Mass Damper (PTMD) building system. From the performance results of suggested '12+2' and '12+4' story retrofitting case studies, SATMD systems shows significant promise for application of structural control where extra stories might be added.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2017

The Self-Organization Feature Map as an unsupervised network is very widely used these days in engineering science. The applied network in this paper is the Self Organization Feature Map with constant weights which includes Kohonen Network. In this research, Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall buildings with different stories and heights are analyzed and a database consisting of measured fundamental periods and characteristics of 78 RC SW buildings is created. The input parameters of these buildings include number of stories, height, length, width, whereas the output parameter is the fundamental period. In addition, using Genetic Algorithm, the structure of the Self-Organization Feature Map algorithm is optimized with respect to the numbers of layers, numbers of nodes in hidden layers, type of transfer function and learning. Evaluation of the SOFM model was performed by comparing the obtained values to the measured values and values calculated by expressions given in building codes. Results show that the Self-Organization Feature Map, which is optimized by using Genetic Algorithm, has a higher capacity, flexibility and accuracy in predicting the fundamental period.