• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of mind map activity on scientific attitude and science achievement in elementary school science. The subjects of this study were fifth-grade students selected from two classes in elementary school located in Seoul. The subjects were classified into two groups: One group is composed of thirty-eight students(experimental group) who were participated in mind map activity, and the other is composed of thirty-five students(control group) who were participated in traditional teaching situation. Pretest showed that there were no significant differences between experimental and control group in scientific attitude and science achievement. The results were as follows: First, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the post-test science achievement compared to the control group. Second, the experimental group showed insignificant improvement in the post-test scientific attitude compared to the control group. Third, female students and mid-ranking group showed a significant improvement in the post-test science achievement. Fourth, in sex and academic ranking, experimental group did not show significant difference in the post-test scientific attitude. In conclusion, mind map activity was more effective than traditional teaching situation on science achievement. But mind map activity was less uneffective than traditional teaching situation on scientific attitude.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.268-274
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• 1992

An attempt to improve the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of MAP (methyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl)aminopropanoate) by modifying the substituents on the amino group of MAP is described. Several MAP analogues have been prepared using optically active amino acids alanine, phenylalanine and serine, and their SHG efficiencies measured. None of the MAP analogues exhibited SHG efficiencies as high as that of MAP. X-ray crystal structures of three MAP analogues have been determined. In the crystal structures of two of them, which were the derivatives of phenylalanine, two crystallographically-independent molecules existing in the asymmetric unit are aligned almost antiparallel. These structures are consistent with the very low SHG efficiencies of these compounds. On the other hand, the crystal structure of a serine derivative reveals substantial alignment of the dinitroaniline chromophore along the polar axis. However, the angle of 86.2° between the molecular charge tranfer axis and the polar axis of the crystal is still far away from the optimum value of 54.74° for the phase-matchable SHG. The structure is consistent with the SHG efficiency of this compound which is much higher than those of the phenylalanine derivatives but still lower than that of MAP. This study demonstrates the importance of the orientation of molecules in the crystal lattice in determining secod-order nonlinear optical properties of crystalline materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.370-372
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• 2020

가상 현실을 이용한 다양한 응용기술이 등장함에 따라, 그를 이용한 서비스와 상용 애플리케이션이 개발되고 있다. VR, AR 사용자가 증가하고, 주위에서도 쉽게 이러한 기술을 접할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 본 논문은 2D로 표현되는 기존의 지도 사용을 어려워하는 사람들의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 VA과 AR-based 3D를 통합할 수 있는 지도를 연구하고 'SNUT MAP'을 개발하였다. 'SNUT MAP'을 개발하는 데 Unity 3D와 Dronedeploy, Blender, Vuforia, AR+GPS location, Google maps API를 사용하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2001

It is well known that the web design is composed of several factors which are interacting with each other. However, the current approach to web design had been focused on modifying specific factors without considering its impact on other factors. In this sense, we propose more holistic approach to the web design by using fuzzy cognitive map. For this purpose, we form an illustrative fuzzy cognitive map for the web design which is based on the literature, and analyzed and impact of change in a specific factor on other factors. Especially, to improve the output analyzability, we suggested an advanced version of fuzzy cognitive map called stratified fuzzy cognitive map. After simulating the fuzzy cognitive map for web design, we could conclude that our approach is robust and effective compared to the traditional web design approach.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.2730-2747
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• 2016

Due to the limitation of the bandwidth resource and capture resolution of depth cameras, low resolution depth maps should be up-sampled to high resolution so that they can correspond to their texture images. In this paper, a novel depth map up-sampling algorithm is proposed by exploiting the fractal internal self-referential feature. Fractal parameters which are extracted from a depth map, describe the internal self-referential feature of the depth map, do not introduce inherent scale and just retain the relational information of the depth map, i.e., fractal transforms provide a resolution-independent description for depth maps and could up-sample depth maps to an arbitrary high resolution. Then, an enhancement method is also proposed to further improve the performance of the up-sampled depth map. The experimental results demonstrate that better quality of synthesized views is achieved both on objective and subjective performance. Most important of all, arbitrary resolution depth maps can be obtained with the aid of the proposed scheme.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii (MA) in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Two groups were fed either a normal control diet or an HF (45% kcal fat) diet for 12 weeks and three groups were fed an HF diet supplemented with powdered MA (MAP, 1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The anti-obesity effects of MAP supplementation on body weight, fat mass development, and lipid-related markers were assessed. Consumption of an HF diet resulted in increased body weight, serum lipids, relative adipose tissues weight, and liver fat accumulation. However, administration of MAP significantly decreased body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, hepatic cholesterol level, and adipose tissue weight in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with MAP significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, and inhibited an HF diet-induced increase in adipocyte size. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with MAP exerts anti-obesity effects and indicate that MAP could be used as a functional food to control obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2015

Two hundred and sixteen Institut de S$\acute{e}$lection Animale (ISA) brown layers (40 wks of age) were studied for 6 wks to examine the effect of microalgae powder (MAP) on egg production, egg quality, blood lipid profile, and fatty acid concentration of egg yolk. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON (basal diet), ii) 0.5% MAP (CON+0.5% Schizochytrium powder), and iii) 1.0% MAP (CON+1.0% Schizochytrium powder). From 44 to 46 wks, egg production was higher in 1.0% MAP treatment than in control treatment (linear, p = 0.034); however, there was no difference on the egg production from 40 to 43 wks (p>0.05). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the groups fed with MAP, compared to those in groups fed with control diets (Quadratic, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Inclusion of 0.5% MAP in the diet of layers improved egg yolk color, compared with hens fed with basal diet at 46 wks (quadratic, p = 0.044). Eggshell thickness was linearly increased in MAP-fed treatments at 46th wk (p<0.05). Concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) was increased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). The n-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were decreased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). These results suggest that MAP improved the egg production and egg quality, and may affect serum lipid metabolites in the layers. In addition, MAP increases yolk DHA levels, and deceases n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.147-158
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• 2013

This invited paper introduces results on Web science and technology obtained during work with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. In the first part, we discuss algorithms for exploring the deep Web, which refers to the collection of Web pages that cannot be reached by conventional Web crawlers. In the second part, we discuss sorting algorithms on the MapReduce system, which has become a dominant paradigm for massive parallel computing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2006

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)는 치주조직내에 존재하는 세포외기질의 유지와 분해에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있으며 이중 MMP-13은 치주질환의 진행과 깊은 관계가 있다고 알려져 있다. 이번 연구는 치주질환의 진행에 있어서 MMP-13의 활성에 대한 mitogen activated protein(MAP) Kinase의 역할을 구명하기 위해 시행되었다. 백서 치주인대세포에서의 MMP-13 mRNA의 발현은 RT-PCR에 의하여, 그리고 MAP Kinase의 발현은 Western blot에 의하여 측정하였다. $Interleukin-1{\beta}$(IL $-1{\beta}$), Tumor necrosis $factora(TNF-{\alpha})$와 parathyroid hormon(PTH)는 MMP- 13 mRNA 발현을 각각 320%, 180%, 380% 증가시켰으나 bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7)은 MMP-13 mRNA의 발현을 증가시키지 않았다. p38 MAP Kinase 억제제인 SB203580은 IL $-1{\beta}$ 유도 MMP-13의 발현을 약 40% 정도 억제시켰으나, PTH-유도 MMP-13 mRNA의 발현은 억제하지 못했다. IL $-1{\beta}$는 MMP- 13 mRNA의 반감기를 약 2시간 정도로 증가시켰으나, p38 MAP Kinase 억제제로 전처치한 경우에는 반감기가 60분으로 줄어들었다. $IL-1{\beta}$는 p38 MAP kinase와 JNK의 인산화 활성을 증가시켰으나 PTH, $TNF-{\alpha}$와 BMP-7은 p38, JNK, ERK의 활성을 증가시키지 못했다. 이상의 연구결과는 p38 MAP Kinase가 백서 치주인대세포에서의 MMP-13 mRNA 발현을 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 담당함을 시사하였다.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.153-174
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• 2022

This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of overwrap, vacuum, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on poultry breast fillets' microbiological, biochemical shelf life and sensory attributes. The fillets were divided into 4 groups, and each of the treatments was replicated 3 times with 60 breast fillets. The first group was a control group with overwrap packaging; the second group was vacuum packed (VP); the third and fourth groups were MAP-1: 0% O₂, 40% CO₂, 60% N₂, and MAP-2: 20% O₂, 40% CO₂, 40% N₂. The microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed for the total viable count, coliform count, Pseudomonas count, Salmonella count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, cooking loss, color, lipid oxidation, tenderness, and sensory analysis. The data were analysed through two-way ANOVA by Minitab (Minitab 17.3.1). Meat treated with understudy MAP compositions and vacuum packaging reduced total viable count, Pseudomonas count, and total coliform count than control (p<0.05). TVB-N remained below the recommended limit throughout storage except aerobic packaging (p<0.05). Cooking loss (%) was lowered and showed non-significant results (p>0.05) between vacuum packaging and both MAP concentrations. The meat stored in MAP-2 was characterised by higher (p<0.05) visual scores. Whilst MAP-1 showed higher (p<0.05) L^* values and overall acceptability. Sample packaged under aerobic packaging showed significant (p<0.05) results for b^* and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Meat stored in aerobic packaging showed higher (p<0.05) shear force values. The outcome of this trial may help to promote the application of understudy MAP compositions and rapid detection of microbes by biochemical analysis under local conditions.