• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 1992

The muscle extracts of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi cultured for two and three years old on the southern coast near Chungmu and the eastern coast near Pohang of Korea, were analyzed for extractive nitrogen (EN), free amino acids (FAA), combined amino acids (CAA), nucleotides and related compounds (NRC), quaternary ammonium bases and guanidino compounds using specimens collected in February 1989 and in April 1989, and compared for those contents with each other. As for the amount of EN, no remarkable difference was found between two- and three-year-old samples collected at St. 1 in the spring and winter seasons, while at St. 2 in the spring season the two-year-old sample was distinctly lower than the three-year-old one. Taurine, proline, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine were the major FAA in every sample. The amount of taurine, the most prominent FAA, was higher in three-year-old sample than in two-year-old one regardless of sampling station and season. Most of the other major FAA showed a similar tendency to EN at both sampling stations in both seasons. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), inosine (Ino) and hypoxanthine (Hyp) were detected in all the samples and ATP, ADP and AMP were the major ingredients. The amounts of total NRC were in parallel with those of EN and total FAA. As for the contents of betaines, two- and three-year-old samples collected in the winter season exhibited a great discrepancy each other, the former being clearly lower than the latter, but no remarkable difference was observed between two samples of two groups in the spring season. In proximate composition of the muscles, the two-year-old sample was considerably higher in moisture content and lower in protein and glycogen contents than the three-year-old one at St. 2 in the spring season. The large discrepancies observed between two- and three-year-old samples from St. 2 seems to be attributable to the difference in size of samples rather than to the difference in age.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.309-314
• /
• 2018

In this study, methanol extracts of the Oxalidaceae were tested with a potential functional cosmetic agent. As cosmetic agent tests, cell toxicity, polyphenol content, antioxidation, anti-wrinkle, and whitening effects were measured. Cell toxicity of the extracts was weak up to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Polyphenol contents of Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz and Oxalis articulata Savigny were $116.036{\pm}0.37mg/g$, $54.72{\pm}0.52mg/g$ and $88.18{\pm}1.15mg/g$, respectively. Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz and Oxalis articulata Savigny extracts showed 89%, 80% and 88% of antioxidation effects at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz and Oxalis articulata Savigny extracts indicated 81%, 51% and 57% of antiwrinkle effects at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration using elastase inhibition assay. Oxalis corniculata L. extract was particularly excellent in elastase inhibition effect. Whitening effect using tyrosinase inhibition assay was relatively weak. Lotion formulation including 1% Oxalis obtriangulata Maximowicz extract was stable based on the temperature stability test for 28 days in terms of pH, viscosity and appearance. However, Lotion formulation including 1% Oxalis corniculata L. extract and Oxalis articulata Savigny extract need formulation improvement. From the research, methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata L. seems to be good candidate for antiwrinkle functional cosmetic agent.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.414-429
• /
• 1990

Numerous research reports have substantiated the role of stressful life events in relation to the onset of health changes. The relationship tends to hold across different age groups. Theoretically, adolescence has been considered a developmental crisis period of great stress, impoverished coping skills and high vulnerability to biological, social and psychological demands. The research problem addressed by this study was to examine the relationships between stressful life events and health symptom patterns, and the effect of two variables, coping and social, support, theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptoms in adolescents. The following five hypotheses were tested in this research : 1. Health symptoms are positively related to stressful life events in adolescents, 2. Health symptoms are negatively related to coping in adolescents, 3. Health symptoms are negatively related to social support in adolescents, 4. When coping is controlled, the relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events will decrease, and 5. When social support is controlled, the relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events will increase. The study subjects consisted of 1090 high school students of the metropolitan city of Seoul. The following sampling procedure was used : 1. Of the 169 high schools in nine school administrative districts in the city, a proportional sample of ten schools was selected. 2. One class from each of the freshman and sophomore was randomly selected and all the students who were in the sampled class were used as the study sample. The study was limited to freshman and sophomore adolescents, aged 15 to 18(mean＝16.6). Of the 1090 subjects 688(63%) were boys and 402(37%) were girls. An Adolescent Inventory of Stressful Life Events, a Health Symptom Questionnaire and an Adolescent Coping Inventory were adapted for this study. The Norbeck Social Support questionnaire was utilized to collect the data on perceived social support. Five high school teachers in the areas of school health and counselling reviewed the items of each questionnaire for content validity. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain reliability. Fifty three high school students responded to the questionnaires and gave their opinions on the items. For stressful life events, health symptoms, coping, and social support, the Cronbach's alpha's on the study were .70, .94, .77, and .76, respectively. Research assistants attended all the sampled classes with the school proctor to explain the purpose and procedures of the study to the students. The questionnaires along with a ballpoint pen were distributed to the students who were asked to complete each item. The research assistants left the ballpoint pen with the students as a gift for their cooperation. An average of 50 minutes was required to complete the questionnaires. Using an SPSS, the first, three hypotheses were tested using Gamma, a measure of association for ordinal variables. Partial gamma was used to test the fourth and fifth hypotheses. Patterns of elaboration described by Babbie were selected to interpret the relationship of the three variable analyses. The significance of gamma was determined by Chisquare at a .05 level of significance. There was a positive relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events(Gamma＝.35, p＝.000). Thus the first hypothesis was supported. Unexpectedly, coping was positively related with health symptoms(Gamma＝.13, p＝.000). That is, the higher the coping levels, the greater number of health problems. The third hypothesis, the higher the level of social support, the fewer the health symptoms, was not accepted in this adolescent study group. When coping was controlled, under the condition of low coping the association between health symptoms and stressful life events increased significantly to a partial gamma of .39, and under the condition of high coping it was .30. According to the elaboration model, when one partial relationship is the same or greater than the original and the other is smaller, the control variable should be considered to be specifying the conditions. When social support was controlled the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms increased under the condition of low social support, but with high social support, the relationship decreased. Both partial gamma were statistically significant at .05 level(.43 and .26 relatively). It can be interpreted that stressful life events are strongly and positively related to health symptoms under the condition of low social support, however this relationship can not be expected with high social support. Thus, the last two hypotheses were conditionally sustained. In this study, the relationships between stressful life events and health symptoms, and the specified me diating roles of coping and social support were found to have statistical interaction. This finding supports the theoretical position of this study. It suggests that stressful life events would create high susceptability to biological social and psychological health symptoms and coping and social support buffering the relationship between stressful life events and health symptom. The findings of this study have implications for nursing practice. When adolescents are confronted with non-developmental life events that are perceived as stressful, nurses should recognize the evidence of the stress-buffering effect of coping and social support on health symptoms and utilize the diverse sources of social support that are readily available to adolescents.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.127-142
• /
• 1992

A feeding experiment was carried out to investigate the availability and feasibility of fish processing by-products as a substitute for frozen round fish in moist pellet diets for flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. A control diet was prepared by incorporating $50{\%}$ frozen horse mackerel and $50{\%}$ commercial binder feed. In test diets the frozen horse mackerel of the control diet was replaced with either tuna scrap, tuna viscera, flatfish offal, deskinned hagfish, or tuna viscera ($20{\%}$) with frozen horse mackerel ($30{\%}$). Eighty flounders, 13.4 g in mean body weight, were stocked in 12 aquaria ($250\;{\ell}$ each) and fed six experimental diets for the first 28-day experiment. For the second 23-day experiment, forty flounders,44.8 g in mean body weight, were stocked and fed the same experimental diets. All treatments were duplicated. There were no significant differences in growth, feed efficiency and nutrient utilization among fish fed experimental diets containing either frozen horse mackerel, deskinned hagfigh, flatfish offal or tuna viscera with frozen horse mackerel. However, the feeding performances of fish fed experimental diets containing tuna scrap or tuna viscera were significantly lower than those of the control diet (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the treatments on the proximate analysis values of the whole body. However, the crude lipid content of liver of the fish fed the experimental diet containing tuna scrap was significantly lower than that of the others. The results indicate that deskinned hagfish, and flatfish offal could be successfully substituted for frozen fish portion of moist pellet diets for flounder, but tuna viscera could only be partially substituted.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.55-69
• /
• 2002

Sedum Sarmentosum Bunge has been used as medical material and food in Korea. To upgrade it's value as a materials of beverage, I research and analysed nutritive substance and taste. Inorganic components content was included in the order of Ca, mg, P, K, Na, in line, and there were little Fe, Cu, Zn. It appeared much Ascorbic acid contents in May sample for March sample, but it was included less than other Green Vegetables. Chlorophyll contents decreased about 37.8% and 37.6% to the first each contents after seven days resulting measuring May sample and March sample in room temperature. There was much difference in appearance. Sedum Sarmentosum Bunge included a little polyphenol contents. Polyphenol contents decreased a little in five days in May sample and March sample. I measured phenol compounds of garlic acid, vani11ic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, most of consisted in corrected forms. Fragrance components were confirmed 9 kinds in March sample, 11 kind in May sample the common components in May sample and March sample were 7-octen-4-o1.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the Lycopene cultivar of cherry tomatoes as a functional food and food material by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, anti-oxidative and anticancer activity. The contents of polyphenol and flavonoid were $12.28{\pm}1.78mg$ and $3.89{\pm}0.54mg$ per one g of dried cherry tomatoes respectively. The anti-oxidative activity of the cherry tomato was verified by measuring ${\alpha}$-${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DSA), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (ASA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). 50% of radical scavenging concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of DSA and ASA were $328.64{\pm}4.190{\mu}g/mL$ and $350.61{\pm}3.300{\mu}g/mL$ respectively. FRAP value was $26.92{\pm}0.68{\mu}mol$ $Fe^{2+}/g$. The effects of the cherry tomato extract on the growth of a normal lung cell (Hel299), lung cancer cell (A549), cervical cancer cell (HeLa) and a liver cancer cell (HepG2) were investigated using MTT assay. The cherry tomato extract showed a significantly strong growth inhibition effects against A549 cell and $IC_{50}$ was $375.46{\pm}33.670{\mu}g/mL$. The extract also inhibited growths of HeLa and HepG2 cells weakly. In this study we found that Lycopene cultivar of cherry tomato had anti-oxidative activity and strong inhibition effect against lung cancer cells. These results indicate that the Lycopene cultivar of cherry tomato would be a functional food and food material.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2016

This study examined the nutrient components and physicochemical properties of Acer termentosum Maxim. leaf as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the general and antioxidative contents of Acer termentosum Maxim leaf were measured. Total contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were 53.6%, 24.3%, 3.5%, and 3.5%, respectively. Caloric content of Acer termentosum Maxim was 246.5 kcal, while total dietary fiber was 46.7%. Regarding mineral contents, K was the most abundant mineral, followed by Ca, Mg, and P. Therefore, Acer termentosum Maxim is an alkali material. Total phenol contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts of Acer termentosum Maxim was $116.35{\pm}1.4mg\;GAE/g$. Total flavonoid contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts were $20.3{\pm}1.23mg\;RE/g$. The antioxidative activities of Acer termentosum Maxim. were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner on DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity, reducing power. It is expected that follow up study of Acer termentosum Maxim through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of functional foods.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.60-64
• /
• 2014

These studies were conducted to identify the effects of non-perforated breathable package film on storability at $1^{\circ}C$, $8^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$ storage of 'Fuji' apples. The fresh weight loss rate was less than 2.0% in all non-perforated breathable films at three different storage periods and temperatures, $1^{\circ}C$; 210 days, $8^{\circ}C$; 75 days, and $20^{\circ}C$; 30 days except for the perforated film. 1,300 cc ($1^{\circ}C$), 5,000 cc ($8^{\circ}C$), and 10,000 cc ($20^{\circ}C$) films were closed at the optimum MA storage condition by carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration. Ethylene concentration was lowest at the 40,000 cc film in every temperatures during storage. The 1,300 cc film established higher result in soluble solid and vitamin C content than any other films at $1^{\circ}C$, also showed higher in visual quality by panel test. The 5,000 cc film had the best results on soluble solid and off-flavor in $8^{\circ}C$. In the $20^{\circ}C$ storage after 30 days of treatment the 10,000 cc film had highest firmness and visual quality. Following these results, it come to conclusion the suitable type of non-perforated breathable film such as 1,300 cc at $1^{\circ}C$, 5,000 cc at $8^{\circ}C$, and 10,000 cc at $20^{\circ}C$ for MA storage in 'Fuji' apples.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.116-122
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to find out the appropriate packaging materials to extend the storability and maintain the quality of cherry tomato for modified atmosphere (MA) storage. Tomatoes were grown by hydroponic at a plastic house in Gangwon Province. Light red maturity stage tomatoes were harvested and packed with MA condition (10,000; 20,000; 40,000; 60,000; 80,000; and $100,000cc/m^2.day.atm$ $O_2$ permeability film) and perforated film to store at $5^{\circ}C$, $11^{\circ}C$ and $24^{\circ}C$. The fresh weight loss was less than 0.6% in all non-perforated breathable films at $^5{\circ}C$, $11^{\circ}C$, and $24^{\circ}C$, but perforated film had less than 2.93% at $5^{\circ}C$, 13.29% at $11^{\circ}C$ and 27.24% at $24^{\circ}C$. The 20,000cc at $5^{\circ}C$ and $11^{\circ}C$, and the 40,000cc film at $24^{\circ}C$ balanced optimum carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the package to maintain quality. The 10,000cc film was appeared the significantly highest ethylene concentration at $5^{\circ}C$, $11^{\circ}C$, and $24^{\circ}C$, this film had the lowest $O_2$ permeability. Visual quality, firmness, and soluble solids were maintained in 20,000cc films both at $5^{\circ}C$ and $11^{\circ}C$, the 40,000cc film at $24^{\circ}C$. There was no any trend in titratable acidity and vitamin C content of treated packed film types and temperatures at cherry tomatoes packages. Therefore, the appropriate MA condition for $5^{\circ}C$ and $11^{\circ}C$ is $20,000cc/m^2.day.atm$ $O_2$ permeability film; for $24^{\circ}C$ it is $40,000cc/m^2.day.atm$ $O_2$ permeability film because those films extended the storability through the firmness, soluble solids as well as visual quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.83-87
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the changes in carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) concentration due to application of solid $CO_2$ generator (Tansansol) in plastic greenhouses during winter cultivation of Korean melon. The experimental treatments consisted of four levels, namely, 0 (control) 10, 20 and 30bags with solid $CO_2$ generator per $600m^2$ of plastic greenhouse. $CO_2$ concentration in plots with solid gas generators was higher by 3.0-3.2% compared to control. Fruit weight, sugar content and color parameter were also enhanced due to application of solid $CO_2$ generator. The fraction of fermentated and unmarketable fruits were decreased by 2.9-3.9% and 5.4-7.3%, respectively, in plots where solid $CO_2$ generators were applied. The marketable yield increased by 10.3, 14.8 and 16.2% in plots with 10, 20 and 30bags with $CO_2$ generators, respectively. As a result, $CO_2$ concentration within the greenhouses was increased by applying $CO_2$ generators and it is positively affected the rate of photosynthesis.