• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.723-752
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• 2012

Although his mythic poetry deals with the fall and resurrection of Albion as the origin of humankind, William Blake (1757-1827) simultaneously links it to the professionalization and unification of disciplinary knowledge itself. He particularly takes a great interest in the cross-referential relation of poetry to science. He argues for the communication of poetry and science on equal footing with each other without the former's prioritization over the latter, or vice versa. In his works Vala, or The Four Zoas (1797-1807) and Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion (1804-1820), on which I focus in this essay, Blake's primary problematic is to display strong conflicts among different systems of knowledge. I approach this issue in light of the ideological clash of Newtonian thought, Romantic thought, and postmodern thought. In his poetry, Blake thematizes the very clashes of these different thought patterns. From the standpoint of Romantic thought, first of all, Blake problematizes Newtonian Enlightenment. He criticizes abstract universalization both in poetry and science, which Urizen, one of four Zoas, propagates. Protesting against Urizen's Newtonism, Los values "living form." Thus, Blake demonstrates, through this figure, that poetic imagination and scientific organicism are discursively communicative. Blake, however, also questions the network of Romantic science and Romantic poetry so as to suggest what current critics would call postmodern thought. Blakean postmodernism pursues the self-similarity of organic structure in science and poetry. Precisely, Blake sees polypus as a proliferation of organic body; he arranges four Zoas' self-repetitive stories in a non-linear way. Blake aspires for the conflicting coexistence of different thought patterns.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.199-212
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• 2021

Background: Various oral health management programs in Korea affect the oral health improvement in the elderly Several studies have been conducted to date; however, those studies have not shown uniform results due to the differences in research methods or designs. Hence, this study aimed to review the overall research trends of the reported oral health care programs for the elderly in Korea, verify their effects, and clarify them based on the systematic literature review. Methods: The literature search selected intervention studies that applied the oral health care program for the elderly in Korea from 2001 to 2020. Following the COre, Standard, and Ideal (COSI) models presented by the US National Library of Medicine, we selected databases including Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), ScienceOn, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), DBpia, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Of the 1,335 studies searched using keywords, titles, and abstracts, 21 were finally selected based on primary and secondary exclusion criteria. Results: The most frequent intervention period was 4 weeks, and the number of interventions varied between 2 and 90 times. As for the type of intervention, 14 studies that conducted both theory and practice were the most frequent. Significant differences in the clinical indicators, such as calculus, halitosis, salivation rate, swallowing function, and dry mouth, were found in most oral health care programs. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the intervention program needs further verification using multiple indicators in future studies. In addition, a study extending the intervention period and the number of samples is considered necessary for verifying continuous effectiveness of the intervention program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.599-613
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• 2011

The aim of this research was to analyze changes in a Roasted Beef recipe through Sulhamyukjuk. In order to conduct this study, we investigated ancient and modern culinary literature published until 1950. The main method of research in this study was content analysis. There were 15 pieces of ancient and modern culinary literature used. In addition, the roasted beef recipes totaled 78. Analysis of recipe data published over the last 300 years showed two different types of Roasted Beef recipes: 1) Roasted Skewered Beef and 2) General Roasted Beef. In the case of Roasted type, the method was divided into three steps: 1) Coating of flour porridge after marinade in the source, 2) Three dippings into cold water during Roasting, and 3) Roasting again with Seasoning.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Purpose: We conducted a literature review for analyzing the effect of massage on children according to their developmental stage in Korea. Methods: Various academic databases were utilized for a bibliographic search, and the keyword, 'massage', was used to identify relevant references without limits on years to determine the overall research trends. Finally, 38 references cited from 1998 to 2014 were selected in Korea. Results: Only two studies adapted a randomized controlled trial design. With regard to children's developmental stage, half studies were conducted for neonates. Moreover, the percentage of application of a sensory stimulation protocol in newborn infants was 47.3%. Eighty four point one percent of studies measured physiological characteristics as outcome variables and the rate of growth was the most common (46.5%) physiological characteristic. On the contrary, only one study (4%) was conducted to evaluate the effect of massage on psychological characteristics in school aged and the adolescents. Conclusion: This study provides fundamental data on the development and direction for future studies by analyzing studies on pediatric massage in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.234-255
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• 2002

Despite of the importances, grey literatures are often overlooked as a resource in libraries because they have always had the reputation of being obscure and difficult to locate. Thus, an information system and network for the management of grey literature is essential to the improvement of Korean R&D in science and technology. The Results of the research are as follow : - Declare the clear definitions and types of grey literatures - Suggest the utilizing methods of grey literatures - Identify the major functions or requirements of National Information Center on Grey Literature.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.73-94
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• 1988

Author co-citation analysis with 20 authors from Korean Nutrition Literature were executed. The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of bibliographic phenomena in Korean literature by co-citation and to approach the intellectural structure of nutrition field in view of multidimensional space. The analysis assumes that the more two author are cited together, the closer the relationship between them. The raw data are co-citation counts from the Korean Journal of Nutrition over the period 1986~1987. The resulting map shows (1) identifiable author groups of nutrition, (2) locations of these groups with respect to each other, (3) the degree of centrality and peripherality of author within groups, (4) the relationship between domestic authors and foreign authors.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2016

Objectives Based on related literature, cold and heat, deficiency and excess, true and false, and actually used formulas, paradoxical treatments presented in the 『Plain Questions of Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor』 including ‘treating pseudo-heat symptoms and real cold syndrome with cold herbs, treating pseudo-heat symptoms and real cold syndrome with cold herbs’ were analyzed.Methods Out of literature, paradoxical treatment related classics and papers were investigated and analyzed. Among diseases and syndromes, real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms, real heat syndrome with pseudo-cold symptoms, real deficiency syndrome with pseudo-excess symptoms, and real excess syndrome with pseudo-deficiency symptoms were reviewed. Among formulas, typical examples of the above mentioned paradoxical treatments were used as examples to analyze paradoxical treatments.Results Treating pseudo-heat symptoms and real cold syndrome with cold herbs is a method that uses herbs with cool and cold nature to treat real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms and Tongmaeksayeokgajeodamjeuptang is suitable for this method. Treating pseudo-cold symptoms and real heat syndrome with hot herbs is a method that uses herbs with warm and hot nature to treat real heat syndrome with pseudo-cold symptoms and Baekhogainsamtang is suitable for this method.Conclusions Based on the related literature, cold and heat, deficiency and excess, true and false, and actually used formulas examined as mentioned above, the paradoxical treatments presented in the 『Plain Questions of Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor』 are thought to be reasonable paradoxical treatments that fit the diseases and syndromes that actually appeared in our bodies.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-61
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• 2019

Within the discipline of International Relations (IR), the literatures on global governance (GG) and great power management (GPM) at best ignore each other, and at worst treat the other as a rival or enemy. On the one hand, the GPM literature, like both realism in all its forms, and neoliberalism, takes for granted the ongoing, disproportionate influence of the great powers in the management of the international system/society, and does not look much beyond that. On the other hand, the GG literature emphasizes the roles of smaller states, non-state actors and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and tends to see great powers more as part of the problem than as part of the solution. This paper argues that the rise to prominence of a non-traditional security agenda, and particularly of human security, has triggered a de facto merger of GPM and GG that the IR literature usually treated as separate and often opposed theories. We use the Ebola crisis of 2014-15 to show how an issue framed as human security brought about a multi-actor response that combined the key elements of GPM and GG. The security framing overrode many of the usual inhibitions between great powers and non-state actors in humanitarian crises, including even the involvement of great power military forces. Through examining broadly the way in which the Ebola crisis is tackled, we argue that in an age of growing human security challenges, GPM and GG are necessarily and fruitfully merging. The role of great powers in this new human security environment is moving away from the simple means and ends of traditional GPM. Now, great powers require the ability to cooperate and coordinate with multiple-level actors to make the GG/GPM nexus more effective and sustainable. In doing so they can both provide crucial resources quickly, and earn respect and status as responsible great powers. IGOs provide legitimation and coordination to the GPM/GG package, and non-state actors (NSAs) provide information, specialist knowledge and personnel, and links into public engagement. In this way, the unique features of the Ebola crisis provide a model for how the merger of GPM and GG might be taken forward on other shared-fate threats facing global international society.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3207-3211
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• 2016

Background: Skin cancer has a remarkable importance given the high incidence in the population. In Brazil, it is estimated that there were 98,420 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer among men and 83,710 new cases among women in 2014. Objectives: To verify signs and symptoms present in patients with skin neoplasms according to the literature and relate them to the nursing diagnoses of NANDA International. Materials and Methods: Integrative literature review carried out from March to May 2015 in the databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, National Library of Medicine and Nattional Institutes of Health, Latin American and Caribbean Sciences of Health and Web of Science. The descriptors used were: 'Signs and Symptoms' and 'Skin Neoplasms'. Sixteen articles were identified as the final sample. After review, the signs and symptoms of skin cancer identified in the literature were related to the defining characteristics present in NANDA International, with the aim to trace possible nursing diagnoses. Results: The most prevalent signs and symptoms were: asymmetric and well circumscribed nodules with irregular borders; speckles with modified color aspect; ulcerations; blisters; pain; itching; and bleeding. The principal nursing diagnoses outlined were: risk for impaired skin integrity; impaired skin integrity; acute pain; risk of shock; and impaired comfort. Conclusions: The identification of signs and symptoms present in patients with skin cancer and the relationships of these with the nursing diagnoses of NANDA International provide a basis for qualified and systematized nursing care to this clientele.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2017

A huge number of chemicals are produced and used in the world, and some of them can have negative effects on the reproductive health of workers. To date, most chemicals and work environments have not been studied for their potential to have damaging effects on the workers' reproductive system. Because of the lack of information, many workers may not be aware that such problems can be related to occupational exposures. Newly industrialized countries such as Republic of Korea have rapidly amassed chemicals and other toxicants that pose health hazards, especially to the reproductive systems of workers. This literature review provides an overview of peer-reviewed literature regarding the teratogenic impact and need for safe handling of chemicals. Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Search strategies were narrowed based on author expertise and 100 articles were chosen for detailed analysis. A total of 47 articles met prespecified inclusion criteria. The majority of papers contained studies that were descriptive in nature with respect to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords: "reproductive and heath or hazard and/or workplace or workers or occupations." In the absence of complete information about the safe occupational handling of chemicals in Republic of Korea (other than a material safety data sheet), this review serves as a valuable reference for identifying and remedying potential gaps in relevant regulations. The review also proposes other public health actions including hazard surveillance and primary prevention activities such as reduction, substitution, ventilation, as well as protective equipment.