• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2022

Purpose: Based on the Health Belief Model, this study aimed to identify factors influencing on COVID-19 vaccination intention of mothers with elementary school children by examining the relationships between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, cue to action, and perceived self-efficacy. Methods: Mothers with elementary school children were recruited from three elementary schools. An online survey was conducted of 130 mothers in November, 2021. Results: As a result, the factors influencing on vaccination intention were perceived self-efficacy (β=.33), perceived susceptibility (β=.18), perceived benefit (β=.16), and perceived barrier (β=-.17). Conclusion: Based on our findings, there is a need to develop a tailored nursing intervention that enhances perceived self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and perceived benefit while decreasing perceived barrier in order to improve vaccination intention.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 2017

Objectives: Influenza is a significant worldwide public health issue. Knowledge and perceptions regarding the flu vaccination are associated with whether individuals obtain the vaccination. The purpose of this study was to examine how such perceptions were related to knowledge and self-efficacy regarding influenza and the flu vaccination in Vietnam and the US. Methods: College students (n=932) in Vietnam (n=495) and the US (n=437) completed a self-administered survey regarding knowledge and perceptions of influenza vaccinations in September and October 2016. Results: Vietnamese participants reported significantly lower levels of awareness about flu risk, higher levels of negative attitudes toward flu vaccination, lower levels of knowledge about the flu and vaccination, and lower levels of self-efficacy than US participants. Higher levels of flu and flu vaccination knowledge and self-efficacy regarding general responsible health practices were associated with lower levels of negative perceptions of flu risk and attitudes toward vaccination. At the same time, self-efficacy regarding responsible health practices was associated with higher levels of awareness of flu risk and lower levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. Self-efficacy regarding exercise was associated with lower levels of perceptions of flu risk and higher levels of negative attitudes toward vaccination. Conclusions: Vietnam could benefit from influenza education based on this comparison with the US. In both countries, knowledge and self-efficacy were found to be important factors influencing perceptions of influenza risk and vaccination.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control toward Human Papillomavirus (HPV) on HPV vaccination intention in female high school students. Methods: Subjects of this study were female students aged 16 to 17 years, the optimal age group of HPV vaccination, arbitrarily selected from three high schools in B city. A total of 140 students agreed to participate in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control toward HPV were factors influencing HPV vaccination intention of subjects. Perceived behavior control toward HPV vaccination was the most influential factor. These factors accounted for 49% of HPV vaccination intention. Conclusion: These results suggest a need to increase perceived behavior control to increase HPV vaccination intention. The government needs to establish a national policy system such as financial support for HPV vaccines and free vaccinations so that students are aware that HPV vaccines can be easily inoculated.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the intention of HPV vaccination in 12-year-old female adolescents and their mothers. Method: A descriptive study was conducted with 64 HPV-unvaccinated female adolescents and their mothers in W city, Republic of Korea. Data collection was conducted from October to November in 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 24.0 Program. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent t-test, χ²-test and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Result: According to the results, 57.8% and 62.5% of female adolescents and mothers had the intentions of HPV vaccination, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis for the factors affecting female adolescents' and mothers' HPV vaccination intentions, there was no significant factor in female adolescents. In the case of mothers, the significant factors were cervical cancer knowledge and perceived disability. Conclusion: In order to increase the HPV vaccination rate, educational programs are needed to provide knowledge of cervical cancer. A variety of intervention strategies should be developed to decrease the perceived disability of HPV vaccination health beliefs.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.125-142
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• 2002

This study was carried out to purpose drawing up the efficient method of rural residents' health management, analyzing factors having influences on the behavioral intention and the behavior of hepatitis B vaccination of rural residents, using the theory of planned behavior(TPB). Surveying the first questionnaire about TPB to 439 people of rural adults over 40-year old who participated to hepatitis B examination program was made from March 14 to April 23 in 2001 at two primary health care posts in a city in Gyeongsangbuk-do and the second survey for hepatitis B vaccination was made to the last subjects of 332 people(75.6%) that had been proved as subjects of inoculation against the hepatitis B as the result of examination after two months of notification. In the behavioral intention rate of hepatitis B vaccination of the subjects within a month, 100%(the top) was 45.2%, 80-90%(the middle) was 21.1% and under 70%(the low) was 33.7%. In simple analysis, vaccination intention was related with significantly health security type and economic status(p<0.05). And vaccination intention was related with significantly all variables of attitude toward behavior and subjective norm, and economic power of utilizing medical facilities and perceived power variable of perceived behavioral control(p<0.01). The vaccination rate of the subjects within a month was 31.3%. In simple analysis, the vaccination rate was higher significantly in the lower the age was, the higher the educational level was(p<0.01), the larger the family was, and subjects having transport(p<0.05). And the vaccination rate was higher in the higher the economic power was and the higher the perceived ability was. As the results of making generalized logit analysis for behavioral intention, the more positive the subjective norm was, the higher was the score of the perceived behavioral control, the intention was higher significantly in the top class on a basis of the low class of behavioral intention. In multiple logistic regression analysis for vaccination(behavior) using intention and perceived behavioral control as dependent variables, it showed that perceived behavioral control variable only influenced significantly. The higher was the score of perceived behavioral control, it showed that they got the more vaccination(p<0.01). And even in the result having analyzed, adding the significant general characteristics variables in the simple analysis to the independent variable, the higher was the score of perceived behavioral control, it showed that they got vaccination more.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

Purpose: Human Papillomavirus(HPV) vaccination is the best prevention for cervical cancer. Therefore, this study was to examine the best predictors of HPV vaccination status in female nursing university students. Methods: Five hundred and forty junior and senior female nursing students from Seoul and provinces of Kyunggi, Chungcheong and Gyungsang completed paper and pencil questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression with dummy variables were conducted using SAS 9.2. Results: Of the total students, 56.8% were vaccinated. As a result of the analysis of the bivariate relationships, family economic status, school type, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit and perceived barriers (cost, time, distance from hospital and side effects) were significantly related to vaccination status. After controlling for the general characteristics and the HPV related knowledge score, higher family economic status (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 3.78, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.21~11.76), private university (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.14~2.53), higher perceived benefit (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.47~2.20), lower perceived barrier (cost) (AOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74~0.99), lower perceived barrier (time) (AOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61~0.84), and lower perceived barrier (side effects) (AOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72~0.94) were significantly related to HPV vaccination. Perceived benefit, perceived barrier (time) and perceived barrier (side effects) were the top 3 predictors of HPV vaccination status. Conclusion: This study suggests that vaccinated female nursing students were more likely to be from higher family economic status and private universities and have a higher perception of benefit and a lower perception of barriers (cost, time, and side effects). Thus, efforts to increase HPV vaccination rates of female nursing students should focus on improving their perception of benefit while lowering their perception of barriers, particularly cost, time and side effects.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2021

Background and objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally and is responsible for multiple clinical outcomes, including genital warts and cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Despite the well established burden of HPV on both men and women, vaccine uptake among men is critically low in Korea. A preliminary step to combat this issue is to target parents of male adolescents. In the present study, we aimed to assess any change observed in parents' HPV knowledge and attitudes towards male HPV and subsequent willingness to vaccinate their sons following an HPV educational intervention. Methods: On November 14, 2020, a one-time HPV educational session was conducted and parents (n=136) completed self-administered pre-/post-test questionnaires that included previously validated survey items. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate change in HPV-related knowledge, attitudes and intent for HPV vaccination. Results: Following the intervention, participants reported increased scores in HPV and vaccine related knowledge by approximately 4 and 1.5 points, respectively (p<.001). Parents scored higher on perceived benefits of the vaccine, perceived social influence on vaccination decision and perceived severity of diseases caused by HPV infections, whereas lower scores were observed for perceived harm of the vaccine, and difficulties communicating with their sons about sex and HPV vaccination. Following the intervention, those without the intent to vaccinate their sons significantly decreased and those who intended to vaccinate their sons though not in the next six months significantly increased (χ2=33.045, p<.001) Conclusion: Our educational intervention resulted in an increase in HPV-related knowledge with a positive impact on parents' attitudes toward male HPV vaccination. We expect that this study can serve as a pivotal reference to promote the unexplored issue of HPV vaccination among male adolescents in Korea.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.39.1-39.15
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• 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination may non-specifically alter the host immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) titer and host immunity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Consecutive 2,797 CHB patients who had serial HBsAg measurements during antiviral treatment were included in this study. Changes in the HBsAg levels after COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed. The dynamics of NK cells following COVID-19 vaccination were also examined using serial blood samples collected prospectively from 25 healthy volunteers. Vaccinated CHB patients (n=2,329) had significantly lower HBsAg levels 1-30 days post-vaccination compared to baseline (median, -21.4 IU/ml from baseline), but the levels reverted to baseline by 91-180 days (median, -3.8 IU/ml). The velocity of the HBsAg decline was transiently accelerated within 30 days after vaccination (median velocity: -0.06, -0.39, and -0.04 log₁₀ IU/ml/year in pre-vaccination period, days 1-30, and days 31-90, respectively). In contrast, unvaccinated patients (n=468) had no change in HBsAg levels. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the frequency of NK cells expressing NKG2A, an NK inhibitory receptor, significantly decreased within 7 days after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine (median, -13.1% from baseline; p<0.001). The decrease in the frequency of NKG2A⁺ NK cells was observed in the CD56^dimCD16⁺ NK cell population regardless of type of COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccination leads to a rapid, transient decline in HBsAg titer and a decrease in the frequency of NKG2A⁺ NK cells.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.403-410
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to identify the current status of vaccination against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus among university students from the fields of nursing and allied health from a local community and verify factors influencing vaccination. Methods: The study included 227 students in the fields of nursing and allied health from a provincial university. Data were obtained from these participants between May 31 and June 11, 2010 by using self-report questionnaires. Results: The rate of vaccination against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus for these participants was 14.5%. No difference was observed in this regard between majors and school year. Factors that influence vaccination against this virus included previous vaccination against seasonal influenza and participants’ attitudes toward general vaccination. Conclusion: The results suggest that for effective pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination of university students from the fields of nursing and allied health, students who have not been vaccinated should be intensively managed. Developing a vaccination program that encourages a positive attitude toward vaccination is recommended.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.696-703
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• 2008

Korea is now classified as an area of intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV), due to the implementation of universal HBV vaccination and national preventive programs for HBV infection. A national program of HBV vaccination was launched in Korea in 1988 for school-going children and was listed on a vaccination guideline in 1991. In 1995, universal vaccination for newborn infants was started for the prevention of perinatal HBV transmission. The prevalence of HBsAg among Korean middle school students has shown marked decreased from 3.2% in the late 1990s to 0.44% in 2007. HBsAg positivity in preschool children was 0.9% in 1995, decreased to 0.2% in 2007 by national prevention program of hepatitis B vertical transmission, launched in 2002. Vaccine failure rate of HBV immunoprophylaxis is 4.2% by this program. The infected children should be monitored per 6-12 months interval. Lamivudine and interferon are approved therapies for children with chronic hepatitis B in immune-clearance phase in Korea.