• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.269-277
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• 2001

This study examined the health conditions of schoolteachers in terms of the prevalence rate and risk factors for liver disease. A cohort design was conducted for 21,319 teachers who were born from 1953 to 1957. The cohort was constructed for teachers who had no disease history such as liver disease, hypertension, cerebral vascular disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer, and had 'normal' results from liver disease examinations in 1998. They were followed up from 1998 to 2000. SAS 6.12 was used for the data analysis. The results were as follows; (1) Prevalence rates of liver disease per 1,000 people in 1998 were 43.0. (2) The 2-year cumulative incidence of liver disease was 433/16,103(26.9/1000 persons). (3) Factors such as sex, age, school type(private or public), drinking, smoking, exercise, BMI, weight gain, fasting-blood sugar levels and total cholesterol levels were statistically significant. The significant risk factors of liver disease be identified from the multiple logistic regression analysis were age, sex(male), drinking, smoking, BMI, weight gain, fasting-blood sugar levels, and total cholesterol levels.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.473-477
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• 2011

Periodontitis is a very prevalent disease. Therefore, biomarkers for the early and standard diagnoses of periodontitis are urgently needed. TACE is a membrane-bound metalloprotease. Although a recent study suggested that TACE levels in GCF are elevated during periodontal disease, the levels of TACE in GCF at different stages of chronic periodontitis have not been determined. Here, we analyzed the protein levels of TACE in GCF from periodontal disease subjects and confirmed that the protein levels of TACE were higher in the moderate periodontitis groups. TACE is known to be a NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand that stimulates RANKL secretion in osteoblasts. To understand the effects of TACE on RANKL and OPG in osteoblasts, we treated MG63 cells with TACE. We observed an increase in RANKL protein expression but a decrease in OPG protein expression. Our data suggest that TACE can induce RANKL expression and promote osteoclastogenesis, thus worsening the outcome of periodontitis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2024

We investigated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (BMSC-CM) on immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC/TERT1) in a fibrotic environment. To replicate the increased stiffness characteristic of kidneys in chronic kidney disease, we utilized polyacrylamide gel platforms. A stiff matrix was shown to increase α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels, indicating fibrogenic activation in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Interestingly, treatment with BMSC-CM resulted in significant reductions in the levels of fibrotic markers (α-SMA and vimentin) and increases in the levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and aquaporin 7, particularly under stiff conditions. Furthermore, BMSC-CM modified microRNA (miRNA) expression and reduced oxidative stress levels in these cells. Our findings suggest that BMSC-CM can modulate cellular morphology, miRNA expression, and oxidative stress in RPTEC/TERT1 cells, highlighting its therapeutic potential in fibrotic kidney disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1165-1173
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• 1998

The effect of oral iron supplementation was assessed on blood iron levels and Pb and Cd levels in erythrocytes, hair and urine of 101 Puchon 5th grade school children with suboptimal iron status. Treatment with 25mg of elemental iron per day for 8weeks resulted in a significant increase in the intake of most nutrients in addition to iron. Iron supplementation resulted in significant improvements in hemoglobin, MU, MCH, MCHC, serum ferritin, serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation of subjects(p<0.05 - p<0.01) and cocomitantly lowered Pb and Cd levels in erythrocytes, hair, and urine(p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that only iron intake contributed to significant increases in hemoglobin and serum ferritin. It seems that 25mg of iron supplementation is safe and adequate to improve iron status in school children with suboptimal iron status and it also has the benefit of alleviating Pb and Cd status. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1165-1173, 1998)

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2019

Androgens act in almost all tissues throughout the lifetime and have important roles in skeletal muscles. The levels of androgens increase during puberty and remain sustained at high levels in adulthood. Because androgens have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscles and muscle stem cells, these increased levels of androgens after puberty should lead to spontaneous muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia in adulthood. However, the maintenance of muscle volume, myonuclei number per myofiber, and quiescent state of satellite cells in adulthood despite the high levels of androgens produces paradoxical outcomes. Our recent study revealed that the physiological increase of androgens at puberty initiates the transition of muscle stem cells from proliferation to quiescence by the androgen-Mindbomb1-Notch signaling axis. This newly discovered androgen action on skeletal muscles underscores the physiological importance of androgens on muscle homeostasis throughout life. This review will provide an overview of the new androgen action on skeletal muscles and discuss the paradoxical effects of androgens suggested in previous studies.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2021

The purpose of the present study is to compare the differences in levels per group of high school students regarding the self-regulated learning factors for mathematics. For this purpose, a self-regulated learning measurement tool was developed and surveys were conducted. And the statistical analysis was completed using the frequency analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. As a result, it is found that self-efficacy is of statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications but test anxiety does not show statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2012

Retinoic acid plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In our present study, we evaluated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on cell proliferation and on the cell cycle regulation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry, and cell cycle regulatory proteins were determined by western blot. Cell proliferation was increased in the presence of a 0.1 nM to 1 ${\mu}M$ RA dose range, and maximal growth stimulation was observed in cells exposed to 1 nM of RA. Exposure of HGFs to 1 nM of RA resulted in an augmented cell cycle progression. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cell cycle regulation by RA, we measured the intracellular levels of major cell cycle regulatory proteins. The levels of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 were found to be increased in HGFs following 1 nM of RA treatment. However, the levels of cyclin D, CDK 4, and CDK 6 were unchanged under these conditions. Also after exposure to 1 nM of RA, the protein levels of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ and $p16^{INK4A}$ were decreased in HGFs compared with the control group, but the levels of p53 and pRb were similar between treated and untreated cells. These results suggest that RA increases cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in HGFs via increased cellular levels of cyclin E and CDK 2, and decreased cellular levels of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ and $p16^{INK4A}$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the noise exposures of firefighters according to their time-dependent activity patterns. Methods: Personal exposure levels were measured for six days and nights using noise dosimeters; three days and nights for on-duty tasks, the other days and nights for off-duty activities. Results: The total amount of time spent in the workplace was 13,677 min (67%), outside areas 4,833 min (23%), in transit 1,002 min (5%), and other indoor area 807 min (4%) during a working period. However, during off-days they spent 10,858 min (76%) at home, 1,382 min (10%) outdoors, 1,225 min (9%) other indoors, and 493 min (3%) in transit. As a result of individual exposure levels, TWA did not exceed 90 dBA of the occupational exposure limit for the majority of the firefighters, whereas the levels of Lmax were 119 dBA, which were higher than the noise levels of firefighters in USA. Sometimes during dispatching the levels of Lpeak exceeded the ACGIH exposure standard (140 dBC). The Leq levels in transit were higher than the levels in home and other indoors even though the activity time is short. Conclusions: This paper characterized the noise exposure patterns of firefighters in Korea. We suggest that special noise sources, including sirens and speaker phones, should be readjusted to reduce noise exposure.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the differences (if any) and the causes of preferences for science between elementary school boys and girls. Another purpose of this study is to find out when such differences in preference begin and what their causes we. Fourth, fifth and sixth grades from elementary school A in Gyeongg-gi Province participated twice in research surveys on preference levels in science with education, career course and personal experience taken into account. A total of 997 survey responses, (excluding no responses or half-hearted ones) were selected for comparative analysis. The analysis methods used were frequency analysis, cross stabs and one-way ANOVA Analysis which depended on survey items. The results of this study show that preference levels in science are 61.7% and the difference of preference levels in science between boys and girls are 31.2% and 30.5% with boys showing higher percentages in science preference levels than girls(p<.01). Moreover, the results also show that the point in which changes in preference level in science emerges is from fifth and sixth grades. Therefore, the gender difference in preference levels in science begins with fifth grade students, with science being slightly more favored by boys. finally, the main causes in gender differences seems to be the experiment participants' levels, scientific education textbook preference level, interests in science class, and plans for the future that are related to field of science. Among these causes, interests level in science class and preference levels in science are closely related.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2018

Purpose: Feeding children is a problem in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and it is difficult to know the correct amount. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if prealbumin or retinol binding proteins (RBP) are effective relative to daily enteral nutrition, without being affected by severity of diseases or infections and can be used to follow up nutritional amount. Methods: This is a prospective observational study that includes 81 patients admitted to PICU in Akdeniz University with estimated duration >72 hours, age between 1 month and 8 years. Daily calorie and protein intake were calculated and prealbumin, RBP and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured on the first, third, fifth and seventh mornings. Results: We find moderate correlation between daily calorie intake and prealbumin levels (r=0.432, p<0.001), RBP levels and daily protein intake (r=0.330, p<0.001). When we investigated the relationship between changes of prealbumin, RBP, CRP, calorie and protein intake during intensive care stay, we found that increase of Prealbumin and RBP levels are explained by decrease of CRP levels (r=-0.546 and -0.645, p<0.001) and not with increase of nourishment. Conclusion: Even adjusted for PRISM3, age and CRP, prealbumin and RBP are correlated with last 24 hours' diet. However, it is not convenient to use as a follow up biomarker because increase of their levels is related with decrease of CRP levels.