• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 1995

In this study, the researcher tried to find out the effect of using a computer interface in teaching speed concept in the elementary school. The 4th and 5th pupils were sampled for this study. The school is located in a sub-urban agricultural area in Korea. In the study, the subjects were divided into two groups: experimental and comparison group. From the pretest, two groups did not show any difference in the understanding of speed concept. The computer interface and the programs to operate the interface and data analysis were developed by researcher. The interface is a modular type and designed ready to connect to microcomputer. The test items were consisted of (1) comparison of speed, (2) change of motion, (3) acceleration, and (4) deceleration. As the result, the researcher found the following results: 1. In case of speed comparison, no significant difference was found between experimental and comparison group. 2. In case of change of motion, acceleration, and deceleration, the experimental groups showed higher achievement both in 4th grade and 5th grade. However, the 4th graders showed more learning than the 5th graders. In conclusion, this study showed that the use of computer interface seemed to be very effective in teaching and learning speed concept in elementary school.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-79
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• 2009

본 연구는 한국 초등학생을 대상으로 인종에 대한 명시적 및 암묵적 태도가 학년에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지 발달적 관점에서 살펴보고, 탈 편견적 메시지를 담은 다문화교육 프로그램이 초등학생들의 인종에 대한 태도변화에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 초등학교 일학년(6세) 117명과 사학년(10세) 117명을 대상으로 명시적 태도검사, 명시적 선호도검사와 암묵적 연합검사(IAT)를 사용하여, 각 인종(한국인/백인/흑인/동남아인)에 대한 내집단선호/외집단 편견적 태도를 살펴보았다. 학년과 성별에 따른 이원 다변량 분산분석결과, 학년증가에 따라 명시적 수준에서는 내집단 선호가 감소하고 외집단선호가 증가하는 반면, 암묵적 수준에서는 오히려 흑인에 대한 편견적 태도가 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 탈 편견적 다문화교육 프로그램을 실시하여 태도 변화에 미치는 효과를 검증한 결과, 초등학교 일학년과 사학년생 모두 명시적 태도검사에서 흑인에 대한 호감도가 증가하였다. 그러나 명시적 선호도검사와 IAT에서는 탈 편견적인 방향으로 태도변화가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과들을 이론 및 실제적인 측면에서 논의하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2021

The present study describes a hands-on experiment to help students understand the concept of phase change or phase transition and its application in a phase change material (PCM). PCMs are substances that have the capability of storing and releasing large amounts of thermal energy. They act as energy storage materials that provide an effective way to save energy by reducing the electricity required for heating and cooling. Lauric acid (LA) was selected as an example of the PCM. Students investigated the temperature change of LA and the temperature (of air) inside the test tube. The differences in the temperatures of the systems helped students understand how PCMs work. A one-group pretest and posttest design was implemented with 34 grade-11 students in science and mathematics. Students' understanding was assessed using a multiple-choice test and a questionnaire. The findings revealed that the designed activity helped students understand the concept of phase change and its application to materials for thermal energy storage.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.58-79
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• 2015

이 연구는 다양한 과학 수업 상황에서 학생의 질문 빈도와 유형에 대한 학생들의 인식이 학년별로 어떻게 변화하는가 분석하기 위하여 3~9학년까지 총 2,289명의 학생을 대상으로 설문을 분석한 것이다. 설문에 제시된 수업 상황은 수업 내용, 수업 형태, 수업 자료, 수업 진행 방식의 네 가지 영역에 대하여 19가지 하위 항목으로 세분화한 후 각 항목별로 과학 수업 1차시 동안 학생이 제시한 질문의 유형과 빈도를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 학생 질문의 유형은 이해 질문이 가장 많았고, 다음이 기억 질문으로 두 유형이 50%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 학년별 질문 유형의 변화도 뚜렷한 경향성을 보이지 않았다. 다만 특히 잘 아는 내용의 수업, 강의 수업, 교과서를 이용한 수업, 교사가 교과서를 읽으면서 설명하는 수업에서 높은 비율로 나타났다. 또한 학생의 질문 빈도는 4학년에서 가장 크게 나타났고 학년이 올라감에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 학년별 질문 빈도의 변화는 3~4학년 사이에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 수업 상황별, 학년별로 다양한 질문이 오갈 수 있도록 학생들의 사고를 자극시키고 활발한 수업 분위기를 조성하여 수업의 효과를 높일 수 있는 수업 전략이 요구된다고 하겠다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the changes in nurse staffing in hospitals after implementing the policy of differentiating inpatient nursing fees by staffing grades. Method: The study sample included 43 tertiary hospitals, 185 general hospitals, and 282 non-general hospitals that were operating in both 1999 and 2008. Nurse staffing grade was categorized from Grade 1 (highest) to 6 (lowest) in 1999 or Grade 7 in 2008, based on the nurse-to-bed ratio. Results: Tertiary hospitals at Grade 3 and Grade 4 accounted for 49% and 35%, respectively, in 2008, whereas 63% were Grade 6 in 1999. General hospitals at Grade 6 decreased from 87% to 48%. In non-general hospitals, little change was found in the staffing distribution, in that 92% still remained in Grade 6 or 7 in 2008. Forty tertiary hospitals (93%) and 45% of general hospitals improved their staffing grades, while only 7% of non-general hospitals did. Greater likelihood of improvement in staffing grades was found in general hospitals located in metropolitan areas or having 250 or more beds. Conclusion: Elaboration of the financial incentive system is needed to increase the policy impact on staffing improvement.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity management program on height and body Composition and its correlationship with constitution types, obesity grade, and the frequency of attendance among the elementary school student. Methods : The subjects consisted of 75 elementary school student who participated in the obesity management program and got the constitution type test and height and height-body composition test(2 times). The program contained proper lifestyle education, dietary education, exercise and so on once a week for nine weeks. The data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Results : Height and body composition were significantly improved at the post-test. Among constitution types, obesity grade, and the frequency of attendance, obesity grade by BMI was correlated with the change of height and body composition. Conclusion : These results provides evidence that obesity management program is effective in improving height and body composition for elementary school student.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2011

This research is about the six graders' preconceptions in elementary school about a cause of the seasonal change before learning. The result of this research is that the patterns of six graders's preconceptions in elementary school are earth's rotation, earth's revolution, the distance between the earth and the sun and the location factor between the sun and our country, which are mixed up with two more things. Especially many patterns of students explain the seasonal change of our country using the change of location of our country by earth's rotation, the location factor between the earth and the sun and the distance between the earth and the sun by earth's revolution.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2011

The objective of the research which it sees to investigate and teachers elementary school preparation should have had what kind of line concept from astronomical field, to interpret. The research questions of this study were as follows. It tried to observe the result which investigates the line concept of teachers preparation in about conceptual gain and loss degree of the astronomical field which it comes to reveal from the research which it sees. The students where are not the scientific department of pedagogy and the scientific department of pedagogy were visible a relatively high gain and loss degree from the earth shape and phase change of month during one night. Also the part which it thinks rhinologically was many. When it presents the type, with afterwords it is same. First, The endurance rotates in about location change of month during various day, it revolves with the direction where also the month is the same type which does not know a fact, The students do not recognize well in about the shape of month changing everyday the type. The students does not understand the location which the month when it follows at time is accurate well the type was many. Second, when it tries to compare a scientific department of pedagogy 3 grade and a rhinologic department of pedagogy 3 grade, the gain and loss degree of most scientific department of pedagogy 3 grade is appearing highly.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.71-94
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the desirable method of courtesy education for middle school students. The major research questions of this study are to identify and test the follows： 1) The influence of the environment (grade, sex, the educational background of father, the educational background of mother, the scale of family, the presence of grandfather, the presence of grandmother, students’age ranking among their brothers and sisters, religion, academie record) on the middle school students’ knowledge and attitude on courtesy. 2) The influence of the courtesy education on students’knowledge and attitudes on courtesy. 3) The degree of change on their knowledge and attitudes after courtesy education. The response were given by 485 middle school students and their mothers in Wanju county Chonbuk province. Frequences, Percentages, Means and Standard Deviations were calculated, T-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were used for data analysis. The result of this study are as follows, 1. The influence of environment： 1) Higher grade students gained more score of courtesy test than lower grade ones. 2) Female students gained more score than male students. 3) The students who had higher academic record gained more score of courtesy test than any other students. 2. The influence of courtesy education： Most of educated groups changed significantly due to courtesy education. It showed that courtesy education contributed to improve their knowledge and attitudes on courtesy. 3. After courtesy education： On the one hand, the most changed attitude was bow-courtesy area and then good-manners area, conversation-courtesy area, etc. On the other hand, the basic spirit area on courtesy changed less than any other areas. It means that long-term courtesy education should be done in order to change students’ attitudes on courtesy basically, even though they could improve their knowledge and attitudes externally in a short time.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1992

New-Piagetian theory has proposed that mental capacity and mental demand do a critical role in human cognitive processes. In this study, the students' mental capacity and the mental demand of the given problems were examined. The principal findings of the study are as follows; (1) There was no significant difference among achievement scores of subjects (3rd grade students of middle school, 2nd grade students of high school, 3rd grade students of high school) in the items of balance that needed specific content knowledge. But, in the Newton's 2nd law items that needed specific content knowledge, there was significant difference be ween3rd grade students of middle school and high school students(2nd, 3rd). According to increase of mental demand, middle school students' achievement score appeared to decrease linearly. However high school students' achievement score didn't change untill they faced the items of critical mental demand. When mental demand was beyond critical mental demand,their score was decreased rapidly. (2) According to hierchical analysis of items, the more mental demand an item needed, the higher or at least the same hierachical item was. These results showed that mental demand was the main factor which decided diffculties of problem solving (3) It was possible for students to solve the newton's 2nd law item that had one or two more mental demand relative to balance beam item. Although the item needed the same mental demand.students recognized that the Newton's 2nd law items were easier than the balance beam items.