• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2004

A human-friendly interactive system that is based on the harmonious symbiotic coexistence of human and robots is explored. Based on this interactive technology paradigm, a robotic cane is proposed for blind or visually impaired travelers to navigate safely and quickly through obstacles and other hazards faced by blind pedestrians. The proposed robotic cane, "RoJi,” consists of a long handle with a button-operated interface and a sensor head unit that is attached at the distal end of the handle. A series of sensors, mounted on the sensor head unit, detect obstacles and steer the device around them. The user feels the steering command as a very noticeable physical force through the handle and is able to follow the path of the robotic cane easily and without any conscious effort. The issues discussed include methodologies for human-robot interactions, design issues of an interactive robotic cane, and hardware requirements for efficient human-robot interactions.ions.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

Background: Ketamine is widely used in infants and young children for procedural sedation and anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose oral ketamine to control pain and distress in children during intravenous (IV) cannulation. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, including children aged between 3 and 6 years requiring a non-emergent IV-line placement. Children were randomly assigned to two groups, treated either with oral ketamine or a placebo. All patients were monitored for vital signs. Pain was assessed using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFS) scales and sedation using a 5-point sedation score. The facility of IV-line placement was measured by a 3-point scale. Adverse effects were recorded after 1 and 24 hours. Results: A total of 79 and 81 children were entered in the ketamine and placebo groups, respectively. The heart and respiratory rates increased significantly in the placebo group. The median CHEOPS 4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3, 4, P < 0.001) and WBFS 6 (95% CI: 4, 6, P < 0.001) scores decreased statistically in the ketamine group. IV-line placement was 50% easier in the ketamine group (95% CI: 37%, 63%, P < 0.001). No serious adverse effects were observed in all cases. Conclusions: Low dose oral ketamine effectively decreased the pain and distress during IV cannulation in children without any significant adverse reactions.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.597-618
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• 2010

This paper discusses American disability theater's representations of disability identity and disability identity politics. Dramatists John Belluso and Lynn Manning, among others, present characters with disabilities who experience oppressions at multiple, interlocking levels of domination on the basis of disability, race, and ethnicity. In Manning's Shoot, the black, blind hero iterates episodes in which he experienced discrimination and insults in encounters with whites who used derogatory racist words or belittled him and with some school children who taunted him for just being blind. This play, as in Manning's solo performance, Weights, presents narratives of a blind person traversing multiple locations of oppression in "a long litany of losses" in a white-dominated and ableist society. Belluso's Gretty Good Time similarly weaves together stories of disabled women, Gretty and Hideko, who bond together to resist the dominant ideology that reduces them into titillating commodities of mass consumption. Hideko's story serves the two-fold function of both affirming the specificity of her individual experience as an ethnic other and espousing the communal experience of stigmatization she shares with other disabled women like Gretty. In these plays, the intersection of the identity categories of disability, race, and ethnicity highlights the diversity of the body and the fluidity of boundaries, foregounding the specificity of disabled bodies, while at the same time overthrowing the hierarchical binarism between disabled and "normal" bodies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2332-2337
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 상수 모듈러스 오차의 정보 포텐셜에 대해 소개하고 채널왜곡에 의해 나타나는 큰 출력차이에 대해 상수 모듈러스 오차의 정보 포텐셜은 비교적 안정된 변화율을 나타난다는 특성이 결정궤환 구조의 오차 전파를 막을 수 있다는 점에 근거하여, 상수 모듈러스 오차의 정보 포텐셜의 견지에서 표현된 비용함수를 바탕으로 비선형 결정궤환 구조의 이퀄라이져 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 두 가지 채널 환경에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과로부터 스펙트럼 널이 없는 채널모델에서는 기존의 선형방식보다 3 dB 정도 향상된 정상상태 MSE 를 나타냈으며, 스펙트럼 널이 존재하는 열악한 채널 모델에 대해서는 오히려 약 9 dB 이상의 성능향상을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.765-778
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• 2016

In watermarking schemes, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is broadly used because its frequency component separation is very useful. Moreover, LU decomposition has little influence on the visual quality of the watermark. Hence, in this paper, a novel blind watermark algorithm is presented based on LU transform and DWT for the copyright protection of digital images. In this algorithm, the color host image is first performed with DWT. Then, the horizontal and vertical diagonal high frequency components are extracted from the wavelet domain, and the sub-images are divided into $4{\times}4$ non-overlapping image blocks. Next, each sub-block is performed with LU decomposition. Finally, the color image watermark is transformed by Arnold permutation, and then it is inserted into the upper triangular matrix. The experimental results imply that this algorithm has good features of invisibility and it is robust against different attacks to a certain degree, such as contrast adjustment, JPEG compression, salt and pepper noise, cropping, and Gaussian noise.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.256-263
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• 2011

Recently, curtain wall structure is constructed according to increasing high rise building. Glass is usually used in opening of curtain wall structure and window area ratio is finally increased. Excessive Daylighting and solar radiation by large window area ratio cause discomfort glare and add to cooling load in the case of office that is heavy on lighting and cooling. Therefore, this study suggests to use low transmittance window for solve those problems. Indoor lighting environment and building energy performance were analyzed by increasing transmittance from 10% to 90% and comparing fixed venetian blind. Consequently, the range of transmittance that is possible to daylighting and prevent discomfort glare. Secondary energy consumption is efficient in the case that transmittance is the range of from 20% to 50%, primary energy consumption is nice on from 20% to 40%. If those result put together, the range of window transmittance from 30% to 50% is proper in the office in lighting environment and energy consumption aspects.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2014

Nowadays, to make buildings light weight and aesthetically pleasing, curtain wall structure are commonly used. Therefore, window to wall ratio is increasing, which has caused cooling and heating load in crease in buildings as well. This phenomenon has negative impact from energy point of view. This paper analyzes window and wall convective heat gain when the slat reflectance of external and internal blinds are changed for the better understanding of the fundamentals behind the phenomena. It was observed that, if slat reflectance is increased, window transmitted solar increases and convection heat rate is clearly affected. Among six surfaces including four walls, ceiling and floor, maximum convection heat rate occurs on the south wall in summer. On the other hand, ceiling and floor showed the lowest convection heat gain, since they are shared by adjacent floors.

• 교육시설
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to get data of architectural planning in the special school for the Blind. To this end the chilcren's learning activities were analyzed, and their characteristics were noted in relation with the corresponding rooms. The findings may be summarized as follows. i) The pattern of study activities are multivarious. ii) Variety in learning spases is required. And it needs a space which can accommodate simultaneously both static and dynamic study activities. iii) The learning space must be conveniently planned in relation to those facilities for basic life activities such as eating and washing so that the children receive training in those activities as well.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.888-900
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 디지털 영상 콘텐츠의 저작권 보호를 위해 2차원 DWT를 이용하여 강인성(robustness), 비가시성(invisibility), 보안성(security)을 만족하는 blind 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 영상의 국부정보에 따라 워터마킹 위치를 결정하지 않고 영상의 크기와 워터마크 정보의 양에 따라 n-레벨 DWT를 수행하고, 그 결과 최고 부대역 전체에 워터마크 정보를 삽입하는 방법을 사용한다. 워터마크를 삽입할 때는 부대역의 종류와 그 부대역의 에너지 레벨에 따라 가중치를 주어 워터마크의 비가시성과 강인성을 조절한다. 이 방법은 다양한 해상도와 종횡비의 영상에 대해 다양한 화소값 변경공격과 기하학적 공격을 실험하고 기존연구와 비교하여 비가시성과 강인성은 물론 범용성까지 갖춘 방법임을 보인다.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권11호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 ML(maximum likelihood) 원리와 디지탈 통신 시스템의 고유 특성인 유한 알파벳 특성(FAP: finite alphabet properties)에 근거한 블라인드 최대비 결합(MRC: maximal ratio combining)을 위한 간단한 방법들을 제안한다. 이 방법들은 아주 작은 길이의 데이터를 가지고도 채널 파라미터들을 정확하게 추정할 수 있기 때문에, 이 방법들을 사용하면 거의 완벽한 최대비 결합을 수행할 수 있다. 이 방법들은 교번투영 기법(alternating projection technique)을 이용하여 다이버시티 가지들에 대한 채널 파라미터와 데이터 시퀀스를 동시에 추정한다. 두 가지 다른 JC-DSE (joint combining and data sequence estimation)방법과 PC-BPE (pre-combining and blind phase estimation) 방법이 제안되며, 전영역 최적화를 보장할 수 있도록 하는 효율적인 초기화 방법도 제시된다. 모의실험 결과들을 통하여, 제안된 두가지 방법의 심볼 오류율과 채널 파라미터의 추정 정확도에 관한 성능을 보여준다.