• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2 s.20
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2007

Neo-Confucianism(性理學) which provided an ideological base to found Chosun Dynasty which substituted for Koryu Dynasty, presented In-Cheong(仁政) as ideal statecraft. In-Cheong(仁政) is realizing spirit of In(仁) which means a forever creating power(生生之心), for that reason it was a natural result that the ruling class of Chosun Dynasty had interest in medical science. Therefore they remarked 'In-Cheong(仁政) has achieved' when medical books were published, also remarked Hwal-In-Seo(活人署） as an institute of realizing Wang-Cheong(王政) while Hwal-In-Seo(活人署) was placed in very low civil service grade, although the ruling class classified medical science as a Chap-Hak(雜學) which means not essential but necessary knowledge, and ranked it much lower than Confucianism. While had improved medical service system of Korea Dynasty, Chosun Dynasty had special interest in local medicine: expanding provincal medical centers, educating a medical student(醫生) in a medical school who was core human power in local medicine, etc. Nevertheless the local medicine was still depressed. The reasons are ; not providing enough medical center, not much fund to run each center and mobilizing a medical student(醫生) for miscellaneous labor. Depressed local medicine had changed when 士族 came to have an interest in medical science. 士族 had read a lots of medical books from the early Chosun Dynasty. 16th century they even wrote some books on medicine by themselves based on their experience as a provincial governor.　On the other hand Yi-Mun-Geon(李文楗) who wrote Muk-Jae Diary belongs to the latter. He did not use the art of acupucture. He was a civil official in Seoul, so he could get a lots of books and enough medical stuffs. After a while. he was exiled in Seong-Ju(星州) and took part in local medicine there. The local medicine was depressed in Seong-Ju(星州) at that time. Yi-Mun-Geon(李文楗) was a kind of medical consultant as well as a local doctor. Such medical doings by Sa-Jok(士族) may be a moment that provide power to local Sa-Jok(士族). Sa-Jok(士族) themselves were enthusiastic in treating their sick slaves because the slaves were financial foundation of Sa-Jok(士族). After 17th century, however, the relative importance which Sa-Jok(士族) in the country had held in 16th century had decreased gradually while professional doctors bad increased.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.116-127
• /
• 2016

The instructional consulting has emerged as an important teaching development program in university. So, this research aims to analyze the instructional consultation system in centers for teaching and learning in four-year-course universities and deduce implications from it. To this end, focusing on instruction consulting program types, status, and example cases for promotion, homepages were reviewed and phone interview was conducted from July to August, 2015. The results were as follows. First, 9 types of instruction consulting system in universities were found. Second, the status of offering the programs and implementing them did not correspond to each other. Third, universities were mainly using in-school consultants. Fourth, universities had various ways of using the results and reward systems. Lastly, as for the example cases, through various consulting programs, consultant pools, use of results and reward system, and connection with other programs, it was found that instruction consulting system was operated organically. The implications that the research result offers are as follows. First, there should be accurate diagnosis of instructors and customized consulting systems based on needs. Second, there should be supports inside schools and cooperation between external organizations that can help raise consulting teams of various backgrounds. Third, the instructional consulting should be made through joint considerations and reflections of instructors. Fourth, universities should provide systematical support for instructional consultation and have higher awareness about it.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.265-301
• /
• 1993

지난 6월 3일 동경에서 있었던, 아시아 항공/우주법 학술대회 제 3분과에서 영국 Bin Cheng교수의 "The Warsaw System: Mess up, Tear up, or Shore up?"이라는 주제의 논문발표가 있었다. Bin Cheng교수는 특히 유럽의 EC Consultant Paper 와 일본항공사들의 1992년의 무한책임보상주의 채택에 대하여, 마치 무한 책임보상주의의 이론이 승리하였으며, 위의 상황들이 그 시작이라고 단정하였는데 이러한 견해는 아직까지 시기상조라고 생각한다. 본 글에서는 동경회의에서의 Bin Cheng교수의 논문중 특히 10항의 결론 부분을 중점으로 반대되는 의견을 제시하고자 한다. 국제항공사법인 와르소체제가 과연 발전하고 있는 것인가? 퇴보하고 있는 것인가? 와르소체제의 반대론자들은 미국의 소송변호사들, 일본항공사들과 일부 순수이론을 고수하는 학자들로써 이들은 와르소체제로부터의 탈퇴와 무한책임보상주의를 고수하고 있다. EC Consultation Paper (각주 122 참조)에서 보듯이, 비록 항공운송시의 손해배상액이 타 운송시의 손해배상액보다 적기는 하지만 이것이 곧 '무한책임보상주의'를 의미하는 것은 아니다. 미국의 판례중 불법행위로 인한 소송 (Nichole Fortman v. Hemeo Inc.)에서 보면, 작은 창자의 대부분을 병원의 과실때문에 잃은 Brooklin의 한 여인에게 500억 정도의 손해배상이 주어진 것을 보면, 과연 완전 보상에 맞는 무한책임이 과연 항공소송에 적용될 수 있는 것인가를 알아야 한다. 무한책임보상주의는 특히 개발도상국의 항공사들에게 보험료가 너무 과중하고, 와르소협약의 근본목적인 국제항공법의 통일성에 반하고 있기 때문에 국제사회 전반에 적용하기에는 비현실적이다. 와르소체제의 통일 성에 대한 거부는 만약 와르소체제에 버금가는 다른 보상체제가 있는 경우에는 다르지만, 현실적으로는 결국 국제적 혼란만을 야기사킬 것이다. 또한 와르소체제 반대자들은 항공운송인과 승객들의 관계를 갈등관계로 보고 있지만, 근본적으로 와프소협약에서의 항공운송인파 승객들의 관제는 공동이악관계로 보아야 한다. 항공운송사업의 목적도 또한 이윤추구인 바, 승객들이 항공운송인에게 과다한 손해배상을 요구하면, 결국 항공운송인은 승객들의 주머니에서 그 댓가를 찾으려고 할 것이다. 절국 양자의 이익을 보는 것은 소송변호사들 뿐이라고 볼 수 있다. 또한 'Unlimited Liability' 에서 'Unlimited' 란 'Full-Compensation' 을 의미하는 것으로, 'Wilful-Misconduct' 의 경우에는, 'Full-Compensation' 의 개념과 다르게, 그 보상액이 Warsaw협약 제 22조 1항에 적용되지 않는 'No-limited' 의 개념으로 해석하여야 한다. 항공소송의 경우에 통상 'Wilful-Misconduct' 의 경우에 손해배상액이 약 $700,000 인 것을 보더라도 'Full-Compensation'의 의미로 해석할 수 없다. 몬트리올 제 3추가의정서에서 'WilfulMisconduct' 의 개념을 삭제하고자 하는 것은, 이에 대비하여 추가보상제도, 임액수의 종액, 영격책임추의 등의 요소들을 전제로 하고 있기 때문이다. 몬트리올 제 3추가의정서가 최근의 발전적인 손해배상제도인가에 대하여, Bin Cheng 교수는 반대를 하고 있지만, 최선의 제도를 찾는 입장에서 몬트리올 추가 의정서는 여러가지로 부족하다. 그러나, 유한책임제도의 개선, 엄격책임주의의 도입, 빠른 소송타결의 제도, 재판관할권의 확대 그리고, SDR 화폐단위의 채택 등은 헤이그 의정서 이후의 보다 나은 제도적 장치를 하고 있다고 해석하여야 할 것이다. 시대의 변화에 따라 점진적으로 발전된 보상제도를 채택하였다면, 오늘날과 같이 시대에 뒤떨어진 보상체제로 혼란을 겪고 있지 않았을 것이다.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.111-140
• /
• 2007

This paper was analyzed to improve internal corporate venture system in public companies. The problems of internal corporate venture systems in a public company were as follows: First, lack of the CEO's willingness in venture business was shown. The culture of venture business also was not mature; Second, the employees were behind the effort to develop their business ability; Third, the objective views are needed to screening venture items and evaluation; Fourth, to measure performance of internal corporate venture, a clear basis and measure system were needed. Fifth, the reward was restricted; Finally, the mother-company did not invest any money for the spin-outed ventures The results of the paper were as follows: First, the CEO's support and effusion of venture culture were needed for successful internal corporate venture system; Second, a public company has to provide education program for venture and information--sharing system; Third, outside consultant may be utilized in finding venture items and feasibility evaluation. Fourth, each venture team may be provided a clear object and specific evaluation system based on characteristic of each team; Fifth, performance-base reward system is needed to enhance motivation; Finally, the public company has to provide find for the spin-off venture by utilizing government system and forming venture capital funds.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.2835-2838
• /
• 2013

Background: Prostate cancer features a substantial incidence and mortality burden, similarly to breast cancer, and it ranks among the top ten specific causes of death in males. Objective: To explore the situation of prostate cancer in a healthy population cohort in Eastern Nepal. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal from July 2010 to June 2011. Males above 50 years visiting the Surgical Outpatient Department in BPKIHS were enrolled in the study and screening camps were organized in four Teaching District Hospitals of BPKIHS, all in Eastern Nepal. Digital rectal examination (DRE) was conducted by trained professionals after collecting blood for assessment of serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA). Trucut biopsies were performed for all individuals with abnormal PSA/DRE findings. Results: A total of 1,521 males more than 50 years of age were assessed and screened after meeting the inclusion criteria. The vast majority of individuals, 1,452 (96.2%), had PSA ${\leq}4.0$ ng/ml. Abnormal PSA (>4 ng/ml) was found in 58 (3.8%). Abnormal DRE was found in 26 (1.72%). DRE and PSA were both abnormal in 26 (1.72%) individuals. On the basis of raised PSA or abnormal DRE 58 (3.84%) individuals were subjected to digitally guided trucut biopsy. Biopsy report revealed benign prostatic hyperplasia in 47 (3.11%) and adenocarcinoma prostate in 11 (0.73%). The specificity of DRE was 66.0%with a sensitivity of 90.9% and a positive predictive value of 38.5%. The sensitivity of PSA more than 4ng/ml in detecting carcinoma prostate was 100% and the positive predictive value for serum PSA was 19.0% Conclusions: The overall cancer detection rate in this study was 0.73% and those detected were locally advanced. Larger community-based studies are highly warranted specially among high-risk groups.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.37-64
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is verifying which financial property of a venture company listed in KOSDAQ is a primary factor to determine Highly Successful company or Less Successful one. For sampling, I classified 405 venture companies, whose averages for 2005 of 2 standards are In the 30% high/low rank, as Highly Successful/Less Successful companies subject to the higher Operating Income to Total Assets and Return on Invested Capital (ROIC), the Highly Successful company. And I verified which variable is most important one to distinguish between Highly Successful companies and Less Successful ones among 24 financial ratios selected through preceding studies. For the analysis, I firstly extracted analogous variables by Stepwise Method and secondly carried out Multi variate Discriminant Analysis. The result mainly shows variables related to returns and stability similar to preceding studies. Especially, Operating Income to Total Assets reveals most reliable variable distinguishing between Highly Successful company and Less Successful one, whereas Current Ratio does not. When reliability of function formula of variables were compared with Operating Income to Total Assets standard and ROIC standard, there was almost no difference.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.75-89
• /
• 2019

In the case of SMEs, entrepreneurship that organizes only core functions with the minimum number of people is increasing, and a responsibility management system focusing on core functions is emphasized, so that the interest in innovation behavior and survival strategy of enterprises is getting bigger. However, in the case of SMEs, it is not easy to pursue continuous innovation due to lack of capital and lack of professional manpower. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SME on innovation behavior by selecting exploratory study and literature study for SMEs. The data for this study were 545 out of the total 600 copies distributed to employees in SMEs. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and amos18.0. First, product diversification, strategy formulation, and R & D have a significant effect on innovation behavior, and market diversification has no effect on innovation behavior. Second, working variables such as product diversification, market diversification, strategy formulation, and R & D do not control the influence of innovative behavior on innovation behavior. Third, the rank variable, which is the controlling variable, controls the magnitude of the effect of product diversification, market diversification, strategy formulation, and R & D on innovation behavior. As a result, corporate managers should lead the organization in order to promote product diversification, market diversification strategy, R & D and innovation activities. After discussing the conclusions and implications of this study, this study presented the direction of the research for the follow-up study.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.51-70
• /
• 2022

This study examined whether learner-customized start-up education, such as business consulting, functions effectively as part of universities' start-up support and whether business consulting positively strengthened start-up capabilities compared to consulting from other institutions. Furthermore, it explored the direction of universities' start-up support development by harnessing customized education, such as business consulting. The results of the study are as follows. First, business consulting had a positive impact. It informed the shortcomings of individual founders (teams) and identified the direction for improvement. Second, compared to consulting from other institutions, the fact that it formed a relationship between the consultant and the student beyond the business relationship and that it was conducted for free on campus have a relative advantage. Such business consulting enabled university students to see the world more maturely. Third, this study argues that customized start-up businesses can generate synergy with school curriculum and other non-curricular subjects. Based on this perception, it designed a method to build a co-curriculum education system. This study is significant because it investigated satisfaction and the possibility of a customized start-up business with business consulting as a representative case, exploring the direction of support for start-up education students want.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.78
• /
• pp.93-117
• /
• 2018

In all countries of the world, the development of trade is an important factor for the survival of the national economy. Increased export will lead to national economic growth. Export is directly linked to employment, and the industrial structure will be developed in the direction to produce products of comparative advantages. Therefore, every country around the world is trying to promote export regardless of the size of its economy. Accordingly, this paper focused on the promotion of export of domestic companies. It proposed to cultivate trade experts to promote export of domestic companies. The following five methods were proposed to materialize the proposal. First, it is important to foster trade experts to expand and foster the one-person creative companies. In particular, it is important to develop a professional education curriculum. It is necessary to design and conduct a systematic curriculum throughout the process including follow-up after education such as teaching detailed procedures for establishing a trade business, identification of relevant regulations and related organizations, understanding of special features of each exporting country, and details of exporting procedures through specialist training for the individual industries, helping themto keep their network steady so that they can easily get help from consultants. Second, it is necessary to educate traders working in the field to make them trade experts and utilize themin on-the-job training and consulting. To do this, it is necessary to introduce systematic consultant selection process, and to introduce a systemto educate and manage them. It is because, we must select the most appropriate candidates, educate themto be lecturers and consultants, and dispatch themto the field, in order to make the best achievement in export. Nurturing trading professionals utilizing the current trading workers to activate export of domestic companies can be more efficient through cooperation of trading education agencies and related agencies in various industries. Third, it is also proposed to cultivate female trade experts by educating female trade workers whose career has been disrupted. It is to provide career disrupted women with opportunities to work after training them as trade professionals and to give manpower pool to domestic companies that are preparing for export. Fourth, it is also proposed to educate foreign students living in Korea to be trading experts and to utilize them as trading infra. They can be trading professionals who will contribute to the promotion of export. In the short term, they will be provided with opportunities for employment and start-upin the field of trade, and in the mid- to long-term, they may develop a business network between Korea and their own countries. To this end, we need to improve the visa system, expand free trade education opportunities, and support them so that they can establish small but strong enterprises. Fifth, it is proposed to proactively expand trade education to specialized high school students. Considering that most of domestic companies pursuing activation of export are small but strong companies or small and mediumsized companies, they may prefer high school graduates rather than university graduates because of financial limitations. Besides, the specialized high school students may occupy better position in the job market if they are equipped with expertise in trading. This study can be meaningful, in that it is the first research that focuses on cultivating trading experts to contribute to the export activation of domestic companies. However, it also has a limitation that it has failed to reflect the more specific field voices. It is hoped that detailed plans will be derived from the opinions of the employees of domestic companies making efforts to become an export company in the related researches in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.251-265
• /
• 2022

According to the 2019 statistics of the National Statistical Office, the population of old people over 65 is 7.69 million which consists of 14.9% of total population in Korea, and the world's fastest compressed-aging is being processed. Employees engaged in financial business as representative high-wage workers tend to choose voluntary retirement regardless of their business types, and rarely get a new job or establish their own business successfully. This study analyzes the effects of retirement expectations, social supports, and entrepreneurial intention for employees engaged in financial business, and the differences by individual characteristics on the preparation for their old age. The subjects include 280 people working at Seoul metropolitan and Daegu area. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Win Ver. 18.0 for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, etc. and the results of the study are as follows. First, the result of analyzing the effect of retirement expectations of employees engaged in financial business on the preparation for old age shows that the retirement expectations of the people who consider retirement is a new start meaningfully affect the financial and physical preparations for old age. Second, it is shown that family relations for employees engaged in financial business meaningfully affect the financial preparation, and family relations and friendship relations meaningfully affect the emotional and social preparations, despite social supports do not relevantly affect the financial preparation for old age. Third, it is also shown that the entrepreneurial intention of employees engaged in financial business does not relevantly affect the financial and physical preparations, but meaningfully affects the emotional and social preparations for old age. Fourth, the result of analyzing the effect of the individual characteristics of employees engaged in financial business on the preparation for their old age shows that age, marital status, and job grade do not relevantly affect, but the experience of entrepreneurship education more affects the preparation for old age than no-experience.