• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

Confocal scanning microscopy is a widely used technique for three dimensional measurements because it is characterized by high resolution, high SNR and depth discrimination. Generally an image is generated by moving one optical probe that satisfies the confocal condition on the specimen. Measurement speed is limited by movement speed of the optical probe; scanning speed. To improve measurement speed we increase the number of optical probes. Specimen region to scan is divided by optical probes. Multi-point information each optical probe points to can be obtained simultaneously. Therefore image acquisition speed is increased in proportion to the number of optical probes. And multiple optical probes from red, green and blue laser sources can be used for color imaging and image quality, i.e., contrast, is improved by adding color information by this way. To conclude, this technique contributes to the improvement of measurement speed and image quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2010

Monolayers of graphite can be grown by fine controlled surface graphitization on the surfaces of various metallic and semiconducting materials. Epitaxial graphene grown on polished silicon carbide crystal surfaces has drawn much attention due to well known vacuum annealing procedures from surface analysis methods, especially scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS). In this study, we have grown single layer and few layer graphene on silicon terminated 6H-SiC(0001) crystals. The growth of graphene layers were observed by low energy electron diffraction(LEED) patterns. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements were performed to illustrate the electronic structure which may display some clue on the influence of the underlying structure. Spatially resolved STS results acquired at the edges of epitaxial graphene show in detail the electron density of states, which is compared to theoretical calculations. STM measurements were also done on graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) and transferred onto a SiC(0001) crystal. These observations may provide a hint for the understanding of carrier scattering at the edges.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

Present study was performed to observe the surface ultrastructures of Stictadora furcatum (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Adult worms were recovered from the cat experimentally infected with metacercariae, and were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The body was leaf-like and ventrally concave. The oral sucker armed with prominent tegumental spines on the inner surface, and it's lips were obscure. Sensory papillae (type I) in single or grouped forms symmetrically arranged around the oral sucker. The ventrogenital opening retained protruding gonotyl spines and sperms discharged from the genital pore . The body surface was covered with scale-like multipointed tegumental spines. The density and digitated point of spines were gradually decreased toward the posterior end of the body. The digitated points of spines on the anterior portion were 9-12, on the middle were 7-8 and 5-6, and on the posterior were 2-3 and peg-like. Although the tegumental ultrastructure of S. fuscatum was generally similar to those of other heterophyid flukes , the oral sucker with tegumental spines on the inner surface and without obvious lips, and the ventrogenital opening with protruding gonotyl spines were suggested to be the characteristic features.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.187-190
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• 2002

Confocal microscopy is very popular technology in bio-medical inspection due to its ability to reject background signals and to measure very thin slide of thick specimens, which is called optical sectioning. But intensity of detected signal in fluorescence type confocal microscopy is so small that only 0.2% of emitted fluorescence light can be detected in the best case. In this paper, we proposed the reflecting optical system to improve the detection intensity and designed the optical system by optimal design method. At the end of the paper, we analyzed the characteristics of the proposed reflecting optical system.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

Under Light and Scanning electron microscope, the pupal morphology of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori Linn. revealed the prothorax and metathorax, well developed mesothorax, less defined last pair of sporacle, well exposed prothoracic femora and wing pads approaching the anterior margin of Ab III. The important sex separating characters viz, wegiht, antennal elevations, intersegmental lines and genings have discussed. Further, two separate openings bursa copulatrix and ovipositional opening were observed, performing different functions in abult moth.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 1991

Microstructural analysis was conducted to observe the effect of aging treatments in a Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel containing nitrogen, and the amount, size, shape and distribution of precipitates were investigated. It was found that on water quenching from $1000^{\circ}C$ after holding 3 h at that temperature, the steel contained no precipitates observable by optical microscopy. Precipitation of phases begins at places most favorable for the formation of nuclei-in the boundaries of grains and twins. Precipitates were studied in detail by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Chemical compositions of precipitates were examined by the use of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) together with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis. Also chromium depletion adjacent to grain boundary precipitates was investigated by the use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for a direct examination of the fracture surface chemistry.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

The storing ability of information of optical disks directly depends on the physical property of recording unit cells. It means that the degradation of optical disks ultimately causes the loss of the physical and chemical properties of recording unit cells and leads also information, too. We investigated the degradation and life time of optical disks which tell us the longevity of the preservation of information. Optical disks were aged using the accelerated aging system and studied by optical reflectivity spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy(AFM), and the preservation environment of electronic media in National central library of Korea also were analysed. Results show that the double reflective coated optical disks have good preservation of recording information but revealed some deformation of dye area in the AFM images. It means that we should include the mechanical and chemical degradation of the optical disks in the life time expectation evaluation.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

The surface molecular motion of monodisperse polystyrene (PS) films was examined using scanning vis-coelasticity microscopy (SVM) in conjunction with lateral force microscopy (LFM). The dynamic storage modulus, E', and loss tangent, $tan\delta$, at a PS film surface with number-average molecular weights, $M_n$, smaller than 30 k were found to be smaller and larger than those for the bulk sample, even at room temperature, meaning that the PS surface is in a glass-rubber transition or fully rubbery sate at this temperature when the $M_n$ is small. In order to quantitatively elucidate the dynamics of the molecular motion at the PS surface, SVM and LFM measurements were performed at various temperatures. The glass transition temperature, $T_g$, at the surface was found to be markedly lower than the bulk $T_g$, and this discrepancy between the surface and bulk became larger with decreasing $M_n$. Such an intensive activation of the thermal molecular motion at the PS surfaces can be explained in terms of an excess free volume in the vicinity of the film surface induced by the preferential segregation of the chain end groups.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.604-608
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• 2008

Color dye-doped silk fibroin nanoparticles were successfully fabricated using a microemulsion method. An aqueous silk fibroin solution was prepared by dissolving cocoons (Bombyx mori) in a concentrated lithium bromide solution followed by dialysis. A color dye solution was also mixed with the aqueous silk fibroin solution. The surfactants used for the microemulsion were then removed by methanol and ethanol, yielding color dye-doped silk fibroin nanoparticles, approximately 167 nm in diameter. The secondary structure of the nanoparticles showed a $\beta$-sheet conformation, as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the nanoparticles was determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and their size and size distribution were measured by dynamic light scattering. The color dye-doped silk fibroin nanoparticles were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of the newly developed Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Trans-illumination (DIFOTI) system in detecting carious lesions in vivo as gold standard with confocal laser scanning microscopy and compared the efficacy of traditional radiography and DIFOTI system in vito as gold standard with confocal laser scanning microscopy, too. For the in vivo study, the subject pool consisted of 23 grammar school age patients just prior to entering the mixed dentition phase Each patient was given a DIFOTI examination of the anterior and posterior teeth. During $6{\sim}8$ months, the naturally expire primary teeth were collected and the efficacy of DIFOTI system was compared with confocal laser scanning microscopy. For in vitro study, 40 primary teeth were collected and decalcified by Carbopol decalcification solution for 1, 2, 4 and 8 days. Every experiment period, all teeth were DIFOTI examined and sectioned to take an image of confocal laser scanning microscopy Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from the result of DIFOTI examine and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. The results are as follows : 1. From the in vivo study, the sensitivity of DIFOTI examine was 0. 61 and specificity was 0.63. 2. From the in vivo study, the sensitivity of DIFOTI examine was 0.71 and specificity was 0.75.