• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Co-combustion of syngas in an existing boiler can be one of the options for replacing conventional fossil fuel with alternative fuels such as waste and biomass. This study is aimed to investigate effects of syngas cocombustion on combustion characteristics and boiler efficiency. An experimental study was performed for a pilot-scale furnace with 4 oil burners. Tests were conducted with mixture-gas as a co-combustion fuel and heavy oil as a main fuel. The mixture-gas was composed of 15% CO, 7% $H_2$, 3% $CH_4$ and 75% $N_2$ for simulating syngas from air-blown gasification. And LHV of the mixture-gas was 890 kcal/$Nm^3$. Temperature distribution in the furnace and flue gas composition were measured for various heat replacement ratio by the mixture gas. Heat loss through the wall was also carried out through heat & mass balance calculation, in order to obtain informations related to boiler efficiency. Experimental results show that similar temperature distribution and flue gas composition can be obtained for the range of 0~20% heat replacement by syngas. NOx concentration is slightly decreased for higher heat replacement by the syngas because fuel NOx is decreased in the case. Meanwhile, heat loss is a bit decreased for higher heat replacement by the syngas, which implies that boiler efficiency can be a bit decreased when syngas co-combustion is applied to a boiler.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.979-988
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• 2009

Tensioned metastable fluids provide a powerful means for low-cost, efficient detection of a wide range of nuclear particles with spectroscopic capabilities. Past work in this field has relied on one-component liquids. Pure liquids may provide very good detection capability in some aspects, such as low thresholds or large radiation interaction cross sections, but it is rare to find a liquid that is a perfect candidate on both counts. It was hypothesized that liquid mixtures could offer optimal benefits and present more options for advancement. However, not much is known about radiation-induced thermal-hydraulics involving destabilization of mixtures of tensioned metastable fluids. This paper presents results of experiments that assess key thermophysical properties of liquid mixtures governing fast neutron radiation-induced cavitation in liquid mixtures. Experiments were conducted by placing liquid mixtures of various proportions in tension metastable states using Purdue's centrifugally-tensioned metastable fluid detector (CTMFD) apparatus. Liquids chosen for this study covered a good representation of both thermal and fast neutron interaction cross sections, a range of cavitation onset thresholds and a range of thermophysical properties. Experiments were devised to measure the effective liquid mixture viscosity and surface tension. Neutron-induced tension metastability thresholds were found to vary non-linearly with mixture concentration; these thresholds varied linearly with surface tension and inversely with mixture vapor pressure (on a semi-log scale), and no visible trend with mixture viscosity nor with latent heat of vaporization.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The early identification of thermal hazards associated with a process such as the heats of reaction, exothermic decompositions, and the understanding of thermodynamics before any large scale operations are undertaken. The evaluation of reaction factors and thermal behavior on esterification process in manufacture of concrete mixture agents are described in the present paper. The experiments were performed in the differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), C 80 calorimeter, and thermal screening unit($TS^u$). The aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal stability of single material and mixture in esterification process. We provided the thermal data of chemical materials to present safe operating conditions through this study.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-68
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• 2009

An aim of the study is to develop an efficient numerical simulation technique that can handle the two-scale analysis of fluid permeation filters fabricated by the partial sintering technique of small spherical ceramics. A solid-fluid mixture homogenization method is introduced to predict the mechanical characters such as rigidity and permeability of the porous ceramic filters from the micro-scale geometry and configuration of partially-sintered particles. An extended finite element (X-FE) discretization technique based on the enriched interpolations of respective characteristic functions at fluid-solid interfaces is proposed for the non-interface-fitted mesh solution of the micro-scale analysis that needs non-slip condition at the interface between solid and fluid phases of the unit cell. The homogenization and localization performances of the proposed method are shown in a typical two-dimensional benchmark problem whose model has a hole in center. Three-dimensional applications to the body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell models are also shown in the paper. The 3D application is prepared toward the computer-aided optimal design of ceramic filters. The accuracy and stability of the X-FEM based method are comparable to those of the standard interface-fitted FEM, and are superior to those of the voxel type FEM that is often used in such complex micro geometry cases.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2007

최근 국내에서는 교면포장의 파손에 따른 교량 바닥판의 열화 및 운전자 안정성의 문제가 대두되고 있다. 기존 아스팔트 재료는 교량에서 발생하는 열악한 환경에 적용하기에는 한계가 있어 교량 바닥판을 보호하고 상대적으로 큰 처짐에 대하여 장기간 견딜 수 있는, 피로저항성이 우수한 고내구성 교면포장 아스팔트 혼합물의 개발이 필요하게 되었다. 이에 SBS 첨가물과 첨가제를 사용하여 생산성 및 작업성이 우수하고 피로균열저항성이 뛰어난 교면포장용 아스팔트 바인더를 개발하였다. 새로운 아스팔트 바인더는 회전점도시험 (RV test), 인화점시험 (Flash point test), 동적전단시험(DSR test), 저온빔시험(BBR test) 등을 통하여 PG 70-34의 공용등급으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 아스팔트 바인더를 사용한 혼합물의 공용성을 평가하기 위하여, 피로시험, 휠트래킹시험, 수분손상시험 등을 실시하였으며 실물크기의 윤하중시험을 통하여 소성변형 저항성 및 피로균열 저항성에 대하여 평가하였다. 실내공용성 시험을 통하여 교면포장용 아스팔트 혼합물이 SBS 개질 혼합물에 비하여 3배 이상의 피로수명을 가졌다. 또한, 윤하중시험에서도 소성흐름이 발생하지 않았고, 피로균열은 250,000회 이상을 재하하여도 PG 64-22 혼합물의 38% 밖에 나타나지 않았다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4348-4358
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• 2022

The thermal-hydraulics phenomena in a containment during an accident will necessarily include radiative heat transfer (i) within the gas mixture due to the high radiative absorption and emission of steam and (ii) between the gas mixture and the surrounding structures. The analysis of some previous PANDA experiments (PSI, Switzerland) demonstrated the importance of the proper modelling of radiation for the benefit of numerical simulations. These results together with dedicated scoping calculations conducted for the present experiments indicated that the radiative heat transfer is considerable, even for a very low amount of steam (≈2%). The H2P2 series conducted in the large-scale PANDA facility at the Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI) in the framework of the OECD/NEA HYMERES-2 project is intended to enhance the understanding of thermal radiation phenomena and to provide a benchmark for corresponding numerical simulations. Thus, the test matrix was tailored around the two opposite extremes: either gas compositions with small steam content such that radiative heat transfer phenomena can be neglected. Or gas mixtures containing larger amounts of steam, so that radiative heat transfer is expected to play a dominant role. The H2P2 series consists of 5 experiments designed to isolate the radiation phenomena from convective and diffusive effects as much as possible. One vessel with a diameter of 4 m and a height of 8 m was preconditioned with different mixtures of air / steam at room and elevated temperatures. This was followed by the build-up of a stable helium stratification at constant pressure in the upper part of the vessel. After that, helium was injected from the top into the vessel which leads to an increase of the vessel pressure and a corresponding elevation-dependent and transient rise of the gas temperature. It is shown that even the addition of small amounts of steam in the initial gas atmosphere considerably impacts the radiative heat transport throughout all phases of the experiments and markedly influences i) the monitored gas peak temperature, ii) the temperature history during the compression and iii) the following relaxation phase after the compression was stopped. These PANDA experiments are the first of its kind conducted in a large scale thermal-hydraulic facility.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 1997

본 논문은 kaolinite(Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O)-aluminum trihydroxide(Al(OH3) 혼합물을 소결전에 planetary ball mill을 사용하여 건식 중에서 혼합분쇄한 후, 이 혼합물을 사용하여 소결하는 동안에 mullite의 생성거동을 연구한 것이다. 혼합물의 입자크기 감소는 분쇄 초기에 현저하였으며, 분쇄기간이 증가함에 따라 미립자들이 응집하는 현상을 보였다. 혼합물의 결정구조는 planetary ball milling에 의한 혼합분쇄에 따라 쉽게 비정질화되었으며, 비정질화되는 정도는 분쇄시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. Kaolinite의 초기 분순물로 존재했던 anatase를 제외한 mullite상만이 상대적으로 낮은 소결온도인 1523K에서 혼합분쇄한 혼합물의 소결체에서 나타났다. 한편, 분쇄하지 않은 혼합물의 소결체의 경우는 이 온도에서 mullite 상 이외에 corundum, cristobalite, Al-Si spinel상이 공존하는 형태로 나타났다. 따라서, 혼합분쇄처리는 출발원료의 미소 규모에 있어서 균일혼합 및 분산을 촉진시키며, 또한 결정구조변화에 따른 열분해온도의 변화일으켜, 상대적으로 낮은 온도에서 고순도의 mullite를 직접 생성하는데 효과적이였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2003

광학영상에서 개별 화소에 해당하는 공간은 반사특성이 상이한 두 개 이상의 지표물이 존재하는 경우가 대부분이나, 기존의 영상처리는 각 화소를 단일의 지표물로 가정하여 처리하였다. 본 연구에서는 분광혼합분석(spectral mixture analysis)을 이용하여 개개의 화소를 구성하고 있는 두 가지 이상의 지표물을 점유비율에 따라 분해하고 그 결과의 활용 가능성을 분석하였다. 경기도 광릉시 험림을 대상으로 Landsat-7 ETM+ 영상을 획득하여 대기보정 및 지형효과에 의한 복사보정을 실시하였다. 선형혼합모델을 통하여 각 화소를 6개 단위지표물(endmember)의 점유비율로 분해하였다. 각 endmember의 점유비율을 나타내는 영상들을 조합하여 보다 세부적인 임상분류가 가능하였다. 토양의 점유비율을 이용하여 수관울폐도와 관련된 정보의 추출도 가능하다고 판단된다. 또한 침엽수림의 화소값에 그늘에 의한 영향이 많다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 산림의 다양하고 복잡한 구성요소를 감안한다면 분광혼합분석은 기존의 영상처리방법에서 얻을 수 없었던 세부적인 산림정보의 추출을 위한 새로운 도구로 기대 된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2004

A simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography system is a powerful tool for preparative scale separation, which can be applied to the separation of chiral compound. We have de-signed our own lab-scale SMB chromatography using 5 HPLC pumps, 6 stainless steel columns and 4 multi-position valves, to separate a racemic mixture of ketoprofen in to its enantiomers. Our design has the characteristics of the low cost for assembly for the SMB chromatography and easy repair of the unit, which differs from the designs suggested by other investigators. It is possible for the flow path through each column to be independently changed by computer control, using 4 multi-position rotary valves and 5 HPLC solvent delivery pumps. In order to prove the operability of our SMB system, attempts were made to separate the (S)-ketoprofen enantiomer from a ketoprofen racemic mixture. The operating parameters of the SMB chromatography were calculated for ketoprofen separation from a batch chromatography experiment as well as by the triangle theory. With a feed concentration of 1 mg/mL, (S)-ketoprofen was obtained with a purity of 96% under the calculated operating conditions.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1190-1200
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• 2010

A method was developed to determine resilient modulus for crushed rock-soil mixtures whose usage has been increased recently without engineering specifications. The method is based on the subtle different modulus called nonlinear dynamic modulus and was lately implemented in residual soils and engineered crushed-stones. Hereby. the same method was expanded to crushed rock-soil mixtures containing as large grain diameter as 300mm. The method utilize field direct-arival tests for the determination of maximum Young's modulus, and a large scale free-free resonant column test, which is recently developed to is capable to test as large grain diameter as 25mm, for modulus reduction curves. The prediction model of resilient modulus was evaluated for crushed rock-soil mixtures of a highway construction site at Gimcheon, Korea.