• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to improve college food service satisfaction with sanitary, environment and service by comparing 2 contract-managed and 2 self-operated college food services in Daejeon and Chungnam area. According to the results, sanitation and environment satisfaction degrees of contract-managed college food services were higher than those of self-operated food services. The satisfaction degrees with service were also higher in contract-managed food services than self-operated food services except the category of quick food delivery. In all categories comprising the food service satisfaction, the satisfaction degrees were lower in female students than in male students. There were more negative self-perceived clinical symptoms in female students than male students. The higher the negative self-perceived clinical symptoms scores were, the lower the satisfaction degrees with food service were, which suggests that かe health state of students was one of the factors that influenced college food service satisfaction. There was no difference between contract-managed and self-operated food services in terms of satisfaction with overall food taste and overall satisfaction degree. The average satisfaction degree for the contractmanaged food services in terms of price relative to food quality was lower than that for self-operated food services. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, 'overall food taste', 'price relative to quality', 'kindness of employees', 'coping with proposed opinions' and 'quicknless of food delivery' in decreasing order, were the most relatively important attributes for overall satisfaction. There should be further studies on important management factors to improve satisfaction with sanitary, environment and service by self-operated college food service.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2017

본 연구는 영상기술과 공공문화콘텐츠의 새로운 접목형 융합상품으로서의 가능성을 제시하였다. 소변기에 영상장치를 장착한 본 제품은 기존에 없던 감성형 위생도기 제품으로서 화장실에 대한 인식의 제고를 가져왔을 뿐 아니라 하이테크한 전자제품과 위생도기의 제품을 접목시키는 새로운 시도이다. 또한 유니크한 아이디어로써 광고효과로써 공공정보 알림등 소변기의 새로운 시장성을 제시하는 제품개발 아이템이다. 상품화를 위하여 본 과제에서 제작할 디자인이 반영되도록 3D Rendering, 3D Mock-up 등을 활용해 별도의 제작공정을 들여 프로토타입 형태로 제작하고, 이 후 생산자의 협의 등을 통해 다양한 상품으로 확장 고려될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 차별화된 동영상 콘텐츠를 제공함으로써 경쟁력 있는 품질과 가격으로 소규모 업체의 프랜차이즈를 타겟으로 한 새로운 이미지 메이킹을 시도함에 따라 다양한 마케팅이 가능한 트렌드를 리드할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2006

This paper was conducted concerning the degree of indoor air quality in public transport vehicles such as taxicabs, buses and subway trains, as sampled through the active participation of drivers and passengers in Seoul between 13th August 2005 and 2nd November 2005. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Among the measured substances especially respirable particulate matters ($PM_{10}$), total bacteria counts (TBC) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) exceeded the standard level of $150{\mu}g/m^3,\;800CFU/m^3$ and 1000ppm. 2. The concentration of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in taxi recorded 2491ppm, which is more than the standard amount of 1000ppm. This level was comparatively higher than all other public transportation methods. Total bacteria counts (TBC) in bus and subway recorded $1082CFU/m^3\;and\;1856CFU/m^3$, respectively. 3. The drivers who regularly work long hours showed the higher concern about contamination of the air inside the public transport vehicles and they considered it to be worse than the air outside. In contrast, the general public showed less concern about the air quality inside the public transport vehicles. However, they too acknowledged that the quality of the air inside the public transport vehicles was poor. In regards to the degree of indoor air quality in the public transport vehicles, a counterplan must be implemented urgently to effectively combat the excessive levels of $PM_{10}$, microorganism and $CO_2$. We need to gather more conclusive evidence pertaining to other possible contaminants and influencing factors.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate air quality in the underground parking lot of department store. Sampling sites were selected to the three sites in one department store. Measuring instrument started from November 3rd, 2005 to November 9, 2005. Target air quality parameters include a number of criteria pollutants such as NOx, $O_3$. The purpose of this study was to find out the present condition of indoor air quality in underground parking space of department store. Through the field measurement, the current situation and the behavior of contaminants were investigated and then was compared with the advice standards. The result of this study was as follows; The Average density of NOx gas and $O_3$ gas was maintained below the indoor air advice standards. The Average density of NOx gas and $O_3$ gas was highly measured during the weekend than during the week day. Average density of NOx gas and $O_3$ gas was highly measured at daytime than that of afternoon. Average density of NOx gas was highly measured in the center area than the other area. Average density of $O_3$ gas was highly measured at the entrance than the other area. NOx gas concentration was maintained below 0.3ppm, an average for 1 hours, as defined in the parking space law. $O_3$ gas concentration was maintained below 0.08ppm, an average for 1 hours, as defined in the parking space law.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

In order to ensure that all major cations and anions were accurately measured, the quality assurance checks of chemical analysis data by considering ion and conductivity balance of each precipitation sample were performed. To check the quality assurance of chemical analysis data, precipitation samples were collected by wet- only precipitation sampler at Seoul site and their chemical components were analyzed. By checking the problems for the screening methods of chemical analysis data used until recently, the f value expressed as the ratio of the sum of cations and anions equivalent concentration( $\Sigma $C/$\Sigma $A ) was found to be not ap priorate for data screening. Also, the scattering plot between cation and anion equivalent concentrations in each sample was found to show the general tendency of ion balance but was proved to not quantitate the standard of data screening at a set of samples of various concentration levels.4 more appropriate value was therefore required, h value is defined as (A-C)/C for C≥A and ( A-C)/A for C<4. This value was showed to check the ion balance in a viewpoint of quantitative as well as qualitative and to be useful in applying this expression to a measurement data set. However, the standard o( data screening must vary in response to the ion concentration of sample. In this study, the quality assurance of chemical analysis data was checked by considering both the ion balance evaluating by h value and the electrical conductivity. As these quality assurance checks were applied to Seoul data serf 67 valid samples were obtained. The result of statistical summary in the analytical parameter of precipitation samples collected for a certain period was found to be computed in the precipitation volume- weighted mean( VWM) rather than the arithmetic mean( AM), but PH In the VWM of hydrogen ion concentration. The annual VWM of pH values was 5.0(4.9 ∼ 5.1).

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

This study was aimed to investigate the influence on the vicinity by air pollutant generated from facility of the district heating located in local small town. We selected the seven areas arround the surroundings of facility of the district heating, compared the air quality evaluated before and after operations of the facility, and estimated the diffusion of air pollutant exhausted from the facility using a ISC model. The result was that the concentration of TSP before and after operations of the facility was 89${\sim}$94${\mu}$g/m$^3$,and 72${\sim}$81${\mu}$g/m$^3$, respectively and the latter showed a decline in concentration. Also, there was no relationship between straight distance from the facility of the district heating and the concentration of TSP. This result was applicable to cases of PM-10 and SO$_2$. We also investigated the influence on the air around the neighbored area by air pollutant produced from facility of the district heating using ISCLT3 model. The adding-concentrations of TSP, SO$_2$,NO$_2$, and CO were 0.0019${\sim}$0.00183${\mu}$g/m$^3$, 0.0029${\sim}$0.5648ppb, 0.2924${\sim}$l.9837ppb,and 0.0087${\sim}$0.0590ppb, respectively. It is predicted that each concentration is added to pollutant exhausted from facility of the district heating and is about 1/100${\sim}$1/180,000 of present air quality. This has a tiny influence on general air quality. According to this analysis, the concentration of air pollutant is less effected to pollutants expected by the facility of the district heating than other pollutants emitted from mobil source or industrial complex, and etc.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

This research is based on self-filling survey which 656 dental hygienists who work in, seoul, the metropolitan area, jeon-buk area participated on July 2006 through August 2006. This survey was analyzed the relationship between the subjective symptoms(6 types) and outdoor air quality($O_3,\;NO_2,\;CO,\;SO_2,\;PM_{10}$) As follows analyzed results. The health condition of dental hygienists were "Feel Good" more than 50% in last month. The experience the symptoms level is higher then non-experience level in "Dry eye, itch, smarting", "Headaches", "Fatigue and sleepiness", "Red eye", "Hypersensitivity", "Dorsalgia, omarthralgia, cervicodynia". We anticipated that the more experience the subjective symptom the more likely it is that outdoor air quality will be high rate level. But we could not find the uniformity in metropolitan-area and seoul-area. In the case of jeonbuk area, the group's pollution density levels which experienced the subjective symptom were appeared high rate than inexperienced group except $SO_2$. It probably comes from sensibility for an air pollution in this area. Dental hygienists who work in jeonbuk area have an unusual sensibility for an air pollution because outdoor air quality of jeonbuk area was rule good rather than others area. especially $SO_2$ was revealed out even though low rate level in inexperienced group it is that the number of cars in jeonbuk area is increasing rapidly.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2007

This research, selected for 40 classrooms(20 old, 20 new) in chungnam area from June 22 to July 19 and from November 21 to December 30, 2003, in order to study of Recognition of Indoor Air Quality of Indoor Environment at School. we used Questionnaire for 193 health teachers, 41 teachers, and 1,359 students. The results of study are as follows. 1. To the question 'Currently Were you damage caused by classroom air?', showed that worry class teachers more than students with 43.9% of class teachers, 35.9% of health teachers and 23.5% of students. 2. To the question 'What would be an efficient way to manage classroom sanitation?', 50% of class teachers, 40.5% of health teachers and 47.4% of students wanted 'installation of air purifier.' 3. To the question 'How are you getting information about indoor air pollution?', showed that all of 3 groups get information through on TV. 4. According to survey, Health teachers who act as health supervisors appeared to have more prior knowledge air quality than class teachers and students. The results of this research show insufficient understanding of health risks from indoor air pollution, and shows possible health problems to students from school indoor air pollution. Therefore, these results suggested that a logical and systematic education program for students about the importance of indoor air quality should be carried out.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.56-67
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• 1999

This study was performed to suggest the basic data and plans for the establishment of safe water supply plans in simple water supply piped system in the rural areas. In 4 different places, 24 points of water sources 36 points of taps from water sources were sampled. Of the whole 60 points, 55 points were ground water and 5 points were surface water. 14 items were measured for the analysis of water quality on each samples. The measured items were analyzed again by statistical method ; cluster analysis and principle components analysis. The results of this study are as followed. 1) In water quality analysis on water sources, 4 items, bacteria, E.coli, NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. Of 24 points, 20 points(83%) on bacteria, 1 point(4%) on NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. 2) In water quality analysis on near and remote taps, 4 items, bacteria, E.coli, NH3-N and Fe , exceed the standard. Of 36 points, 20 points (81%) on bactria, 1 pint(3%) on NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. 3)Cluster analysis on water quality shows the differences by the kinds of water sources, geographical characteristics and distance from water sources. 4) Principle components analysis on ground water shows that Factor 1 and Factor 3 are natural fluctuation by the content of soil. Also, Factor 2 and Factor 4 are penetration of pollutants to underground. Therefore, it is needed to take deeper ground water in order to prevent from pollution in the areas which have ground water as water source . 5) Principle components analysis on surface water shows that Factor 1 is penetration of vacteria from surface to water source when rainfalls. Also, Factor 2 is fluctuation of water quality by the geographical characteristics. Therefore, the counterplans against non-point pollution source must be taken. Filtration and disinfection facilities are needed in the areas which have surface water as water source.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

In the estimation of pollution load in water basin, a data information has generally used from surveyed data. A Geographic Information System(GIS) was adopted to evaluate the amount of pollution load in Anyang stream basin which is one of the major tributaries in the Han river flows through urban area. The digital maps of administrative boundary, stream network, sub-basin, soil type, and land-use for spatial data as well as attribute data were generated. And the database of sub-basins and pollution source was structured to estimate pollution load in Anyang stream basin by an Arc/Info GIS.As the results of this investigation, the pollution load of Mokgam-chun sub-basin was the highest amount. And that of Hagi-chun sub-basin and the fourth main stream sub-basin were also high amount in Anyang stream basin. In general, it was found that the pollution load generated from the upstream area in Kyunggi province was higher than that from downstream area in Seoul. Because the point and non-point source pollution load played very significant role in the deterioration of the water quality of the Anyang stream, an integrated approach to water quality management should be required for the sub-basins of high pollution load amount.