• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.3_4
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• pp.87-91
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• 1973

This study was conducted to evaluate the sanitary quality of sun dried sea foods being distributed in the markets located in Busan city. Twenty one kinds of sun dried sea foods, 9 kinds of fish and shellfish, 5 kinds of mollusca and 7 kinds of seaweed were examined during the Period from September to December in 1970. For the evaluation of sanitary contents of sanitary indicative bacteria such as coliform group, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci and enterococci, and plate counts were determined. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Through out all the samples examined, the numbers of fecal streptococci and enterocccci were much greater than those of coliform group and fecal coliform. 2. Generally, the contents of enterococci exceeded MPN of 1,000 per 100 grams through all samples examined, while fecal coliform MPN'S were less than 18. 3. The median value of coliform group MPN was 78 and those of fecal streptococci MPN was 3,300 per 100 grams, The median value of the plate counts was $9.9\times10^4$ per gram, 4. Bacterial densities of the foods which had many chances to come into contact with hands were much higher than those of other foods which had not. 5. The bacterial contamination rate of seaweed was much lower than those of fish and shellfish. 6. No correlation between the numbers of sanitary indicative bacteria and plate counts was observed.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.17-29
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• 2019

This paper aims to find out the problems and improvement direction of quality control and hygiene management of fishery products in Korea. For this reason, we conducted a comparative analysis of quality control and hygiene management of fishing, landing and selling between Japan and Korea, taking mackerel as an example. Japan has established a systematic freshness management system from fishing to landing (production) areas and consumption areas. On the other hand, Korea is not fully lead-managed in the production area after fishing, and is distributed in a state where the quality of the product is deteriorated due to exposure to room temperature. Accordingly, a certain quality can not be secured at the final consumption stage, and sanitary problems occur. In order to improve the quality control and hygiene management of the fishery products, the following needs to be improved. First, we will improve the fishing level freshness management system. Second, we will improve the quality control and hygiene management of fish in the production area and wholesale stage. Third, we will promote the introduction of innovative sales and consignment sales systems at the production stage. Fourth, we will establish a consistent low temperature distribution system from the production area to the wholesale stage from a long-term perspective. Fifth, we will promote the development and education of manuals on fish quality and hygiene management.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1977

Main objectives of this survey were to find out general sanitary status of water source, draining status and toilet in Shindong Myun, Chungseong Gun. Interviewers of fourteen students visited 1,775 households in this Myun, filled the survey form and checked sanitary conditions of the areas from September 1 to November 30, 1974. Results are summarized as follows: 1. Draining state of pumps is better than that of wells and also the the quality of water sources are better in pumps than in wells. Wells and pumps of 54.1% were constructed more than five years ago. 2. About 66.7% use pump water, 10.5% well water and 8.3% simple piped drinking water system and average water consumption is 22.7l per day per capita. Private water system is 66.0% while public system 27.1%. 3. Water is used for drinking, washing body and cleaning at 53.8% while only for drinking at 7.4%. 4. Nearest pollution sources of drinking water are mainly toilets and stables, and average distances between them are less than ten meters. 5. Toilets of 78.3% are used only by one households and those of 12.9% by two. 6. Toilets of 10.9% are inside main building while those of 85.4% outside main building. 7. Toilet tanks are covered only at 6.3% households while not covered at 95.4%. The contents of tanks are removed about twice a month (40.2%), and 84.1% use them as fertilizer on their own farm and contents of 10.1% are removed by other people. 8. Excreta are utilized on the vegetable farm by 38.2% households, on the vegetable and barley farms by 19.7% and on the paddy fields by 8.2%.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.369-378
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• 2010

School lunch programs at middle schools have increased in quantity. However, the quality of them is in fact not enough to reach the satisfactory standard, especially in the aspect of environment of school meals. It is true that there seems to be little attention to the environment. In this study, degree of satisfaction about school lunch program was surveyed for students in one middle school. Focus of survey was sanitary condition about the dining room and classroom where they have lunch. First, in order to investigate the degree of satisfaction about their dining place, questionnaire was sent out to the students at one middle school in Seoul. Questionnaire was made with reference to previous research. Second, for the study on environmental sanitation, dropping bacteria (general bacteria) is measured in three parts of dining place (entrance, serving table, dining table). Petriplate film was exposed to the responsible places for 15 minutes and then cultivated at the temperature of $32^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours before counting the number of bacteria formed. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 12.0 was used. The results of the study show that students had more satisfaction in dining room service than in classroom service. Important factors for the meal program such as "taste of food", "amount of food per student", "state of keeping warm", "appearance of food", "diversity of menu", and "kindliness of feeding staff" had more points in dining room than in classroom. For the environmental and sanitary aspect, the result of dropping bacteria (general bacteria) in dining room and classroom showed that table (5.00) and fooddistribution corner (8.67) of dining room were cleaner than those of classroom (P < 0.05). Making a good environment for school feeding will have a positive effect on the improvement of satisfaction and sanitation of school feeding. There should be expansion of dining room service for the students.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.449-455
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• 2009

In Hansan Geojeman area, 2,050 ha of shellfish growing area has been designated as shellfish production area for export. The main shellfish species from the designated area is oysters. For the sanitary management of the designated area established in Hansan Geojeman area, bacteriological examination of sea water and shellfish at the sampling stations inside and outside of the designated area were performed from January 2006 to December 2008. The range of fecal coliform of 756 sea water samples at 21 stations located in the designated area were <1.8~>1,600 MPN/100mL. And the range of geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile of fecal coliform were 1.8~2.9 and 2.7~15.8 MPN/100mL, respectively. Sanitary conditions of the current designated area in Hansan Geojeman meets the required standards of the Fisheries Product Quality Control and National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) criteria for the approved area. Also, the sanitary status of the shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100g). And the human pathogen such as Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were not detected from the examined shellfish samples.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2018

This study evaluated the sanitary state of seawater and shellfish in Yongnam-Gwangdo area from January 2014 to December 2016. The sampling stations for sanitary survey in Yongnam-Gwangdo area were composed of 41 seawater stations and 5 oyster Crassostrea gigas stations. The samples were collected monthly at each station. Shellfish-borne disease is associated with bacteria and viruses in the presence of fecal coliforms. Bacteriological pollution levels of shellfish increase with seawater quality. Therefore, fecal coliforms are very important criteria for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. The geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile ranges of total and fecal coliforms for seawater were 1.8-11.7, 2.8-233.6, <1.8-6.7 and 1.8-100.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The range of E. coli levels for oysters was <20-1,300 MPN/100 g. Based on various standards, the sanitary condition in Yongnam-Gwangdo area was evaluated as follows: clean area (Korean criteria), conditionally approved area (US criteria) and class B (EU criteria).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 1993

The APHA-MPN procedure is the only officially accepted method for classifying shellfish growing areas in U. S. A. The method estimates the levels of fecal coliforms and E. coli, indicators of the sanitary quality of environmental waters. However, the MPN has several disadvantages requiring far more time, labor and expense for assay, as well as providing relatively poor precision. Several membrane filtration procedures have been developed to enumerate these indicators in waters. Of these, the mTEC technique has been shown to provide recoveries of fecal coliforms and E. coli comparable to those of the MPN method. In an abbreviated sanitary survey for Greenwich Bay in Rhode Island, U. S. A., classified as an approved shellfish growing area, the mTEC and conventional MPN methods were again compared for their recoveries of the indicator bacteria. It was found that the recoveries of fecal coliforms and E. coli provided by the mTEC technique are 1.08 and 1.27 times higher than those produced by MPN for water monitoring, respectively, and that the membrane filtration method appears to be a possible alternative to APHA-MPN.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the condition of school water supply systems and to provide a way to supply safe and sanitary water in schools. In 1991 present, 56.9% of schools in the whole nation are provided with water supply system. And in urban schools, the percentage of small water supply system was larger than that in city. In the survey on water quality of supply water in Seoul city, the items violating the water quality standard were total bacteria, Zinc and Manganse. For supply the safe drinking water changing the old water mains and executing periodical water quality surveys are needed in addition regulations on school supply water and sanitation are also necessary to the drinking water management in schools.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1997

Hokkaido, as center of Japanese dairying, 3.48 million tons of raw milk which was about 40% of total production in Japan were produced from 11,400 farms in 1996. The average herd size and the annual volume of milking per head in Hokkaido were 78 head, 7,200kg, and the quality of raw milk also is much better than that of other area in Japan. Raw milk having less than 100,000/ml in viable count and less than 300,000/ml of somatic cell count were 99.6%, 93% respectively. In spite of producing large amount of high quality milk, only 26% of total amount was processed as market milk and 76% was used for making dairy products like butter, cheese and milk powder. Therefore, because of big difference in price between the raw milk for market milk and for dairy products. the income of dairy farms are much less comparing to other parts of Japan, where most of the raw milk are consumed as market milk.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.626-632
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to examine the needs in foodservice in the view of students and to determine the ways to improve the foodservice quality. A survey was undertaken from 381 high school students by using a self-completed questionnaire regarding the student' satisfaction on the foodservice. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program for descriptive analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance. The students assessed the importance and performance of the meal service as 4.19 and 2.52 out of 5, respectively, which suggests that the school foodservice needs to be improved. The attributes identified in Quadrant A, which was labelled 'focus here' and supposed to incidate the areas of high importance but in low performance, were the availability of meals that the students like, variety of menu, taste of the food, sanitary quality of the food, sanitized utensil, and response to complanints. The results of Importance-Performance Analusis(lPA) indicated the areas that the attention of management should be given to improve the quality of foodservice.