• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.467-482
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• 2022

One of the major failure modes in composite sandwich structures is the separation between skins and core. In this study, the effect of employing foam filled composite corrugated core on the skin/core debonding (resistance to separation between skin and core) is investigated both experimentally and numerically. To this aim, triangular corrugated core specimens are manufactured and compared with reference specimens only made of PVC foam core in terms of skin/core debonding under bending loading. The corrugated composite laminates are fabricated using the hand layup method. Also, the Vacuumed Infusion Process (VIP) is employed to join the skins to the core with greater quality. Utilizing an End Notched Shear (ENS) fixture, three point bending tests are performed on the manufactured sandwich composite panels. The results reveal that the resistance to separation capacity and flexural stiffness of sandwich composite has been increased about 170% and 76%, respectively by using a triangular corrugated core. The Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) with appropriate cohesive law in ABAQUS finite element software is used to model the progressive face/core interfaces debonding the difference between experimental and numerical results in predicting the maximum born load before the skin/core separation is about 6 % in simple core specimens and 3% in triangular corrugated core specimens.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

본 연구는 등분포 하중에 종속된 폼내장 콘크리트 샌드위치 패널 (foam insulated concrete sandwich panel)의 구조거동특성을 파악하였다. 유한요소모델이 콘크리트, 폼 그리고 철근의 비선형거동과 연결부재 (connector)의 상세 전단저항거동을 모사하기위해 사용되었다. 개발된 모델은 미주리대학 (University of Missouri)에서 수행된 정적실험자료를 사용하여 검증되었다. 합성 및 비합성 거동이 샌드위치패널의 구조거동에 미치는 영향을 정확히 모사하기 위해 전단연결재의 저항력을 모델에 정확히 반영하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모델은 구조물의 극한강도 및 좌굴이후의 거동까지 모사하였고 미국콘크리트 학회 (ACI)의 설계예제와 비교하였다. 본연구의 결과는 정적 및 동적하중에 종속된 폼내장 콘크리트 샌드위치 패널의 해석및 설계에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 바이모달 트램의 차체와 바닥재 구조 재료로 적용되는 2종류의 샌드위치 패널에 대한 충격 손상을 시험과 수치해석을 통해 상호 비교하였다. 적용된 시편은 $100mm{\times}100mm$의 크기를 가지며 저속충격시험기를 사용하여 4가지 경우의 충격에너지에 대해 시험하였다. 또한, 저속충격 조건에 따라 차체 적용 샌드위치 구조물의 저속 충격 특성을 유한요소해석으로 분석하기 위해 범용 외연유한요소해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA3D를 이용하여 특성을 분석하였다. 이때 금속재와 복합재 재료의 손상모델, 그리고 직교이방성 특성을 갖는 하니컴 재료의 유효손상모델을 제시하기 위하여 기계적 특성 시험을 수행하여 물성 파라메터를 획득하였고, 시험과 해석결과 충격 하중에 대한 샌드위치 패널의 손상 영역과 깊이를 비교적 잘 예측할 수 있음을 증명하였다.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2016

The usage of sandwich structure is extensively increasing in lightweight protective structures due to its low density and other useful properties. Sandwich panels made of metal sheets with unfilled cellular cores are found to exhibit lower deflections by comparing to an equivalent monolithic plate of same metal and similar mass per unit density. However, the process of localized impact on solid structures involving plastic deformation, high strain rates, temperature effect, material erosion, etc. does not hold effectively as that of monolithic plate. In present work, the applications of the sandwich plate with corrugated core have been extended to develop optimized lightweight armour using foam as medium of its core by explicit finite element analysis (FEA). The mechanisms of hardened steel projectile penetration of aluminum corrugated sandwich panels filled with foams have been numerically investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). A comparative study is done for the triangular corrugated sandwich plate filled with polymeric foam and metallic foam with different densities in order to achieve the optimum penetration resistance to ballistic impact. Corrugated sandwich plates filled with metallic foams are found to be superior when compared to the polymeric one. The optimized results are then compared with that of equivalent solid and unfilled cores structure to observe the effectiveness of foam-filled corrugated sandwich plate which provides an effective resistance to ballistic response. The novel structure can be the alternative to solid aluminum plate in the applications of light weight protection system.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.430-436
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the vibration and sound generation characteristics of the sandwich panel. Two thick panels were assumed to be separated by a compliant viscoelastic core. The transverse vibration induced by an external impact was analyzed using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. For applying arbitrary boundary condition of the panels, the edges were assumed to be supported by the translational and rotational springs. The beam functions were used as the trial functions. The effect of the boundary condition and viscoelastic core on the resulting vibration characteristics was investigated. The radiated sound power was analyzed using the proposed numerical model and the Rayleigh integral. The dynamic properties of the core and the mass-stiffness-mass resonance frequency had significant influence on the impact sound.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2016

Polyurethane foam with low density used in sandwich panels is examined in the paper. A series of experiments was carried out to identify mechanical parameters of the foam. Various experimental methods were used for determining the shear modulus, namely a four and three point bending tests (the most common in engineering practice), a double-lap shear test and a torsion test. The behavior of PU in axial compression and tension was also studied. The experiments revealed pronounced anisotropy of the PU foam. An orthotropic model is proposed. Limitations of application of isotropic model of PU in engineering practice is also discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2022

A nonlinear vibrational analysis of sandwich curved panels having multi-scale face sheets has been performed in this article based on differential quadrature method (DQM). All mechanical properties of multi-scale skins have been established in the context of three-dimensional Mori-Tanaka scheme for which the influences of glass fibers and random carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been taken into account. The governing equations for sandwich the panel have been developed based upon thin shell formulation in which geometry nonlinearities have been taken into account. Next, DQ approach has been applied to solve the governing equations for determining the relationships of frequencies with deflections for curved panels. It will be demonstrated that the relationships of frequencies with deflections are dependent on the changing of CNT weight fractions, fibers alignment, fibers volume, panel radius and skin thickness.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.139-145
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• 1996

Many of the bridge systems, including the girders and cross-beams, and concrete decks behave as the special othotropic plates. A method of calculating the natural frequency corresponding to the first mode of vibration of beam and tower structures with irregular cross-sections was developed and reported by D. H. Kim in 1974. Since 1989, The author has extended this method to Vibration analysis of two dimensional problems including composite laminates, and has reported at several conferenes. Frequently, the bridge floor panels are supported by girders and cross beams. Such panels as well as some of the building floor panels can be assumed as simple supported special orthotropic plates. In this paper, the result of application of simple method of vibration analysis developed by D. H. Kim, to the simply supported sandwich panels with point Mass/Masses is presented.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2016

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a new manufacturing process and its application is getting growth. However, the product qualities such as mechanical strength, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality are low compared with conventional manufacturing process such as molding and machining. In this study not only mechanical characteristics of polymer sandwich panel having three dimensional core layer but also mechanical characteristics of core layer itself were analyzed. The shape of three dimensional core layer was pyramidal kagome structure. This core layer was fabricated by two different methods, injection molding with PP resin and material jetting type 3D printing with acrylic photo curable resin. The material for face sheets in the polymer sandwich panel was PP. Maximum load, stiffness, and elongation at break were examined for core layers fabricated by two different methods and also assembled polymer sandwich panels. 3D printed core showed brittle behavior, but the brittleness decreased in polymer sandwich panel containing 3D printed core. The availability of 3D printed article for the three dimensional core layer of polymer sandwich panel was verified.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

국내에서는 현재 샌드위치패널의 화재안전성능 평가를 위하여 KS F 2271(건축물의 내장재료 및 구조의 난연성 시험방법)을 사용하고 있다. 국내와 동일한 시험방법을 사용하고 있던 일본에서는 2000년 건축기준법 개정시 ISO 5660-1 시험방법을 내장재의 연소성능시험으로 채택하였다. 그에 따라 국내에서도 KS F 2271 시험방법을 보완하는 건축법 개정고시(안)을 예고하였고, 그 내용은 ISO 5660-1(Cone Calorimeter Method) 시험방법을 도입하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 샌드위치패널의 연소특성을 ISO 5660-1 콘칼로리미터 시험방법을 사용하여 검토하였다. 국내에서 일반적으로 사용되는 4종의 샌드위치패널과 4종의 심재(단열재)의 착화시간, 최대열방출율, 총 열방출량을 검토하였으며, 시험체별 시험결과를 분석하였다. 최종적으로 일본과 NBC개정안에서 제시하는 분류기준에 시험결과를 적용하였다.