• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.51-52
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• 2022

The electro-mechanical impedance(EMI) behavior of piezoelectric sensor embedded in cement mortar was investigated to assess the setting times. EMI signal was continuously measured for 12 hours by the PZT sensor embedded in cement mortar with different ratio of sand. As a result, the setting times by the penetration resistance test were accelerated as the sand ratio increased. However, the setting times by EMI sensing technique were delayed as the sand ratio increased.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1999

In this study, an experiment was performed to analyze the influence of water-cement ratio on the fundamental characteristics of antiwashout underwater concrete using blended sand (sea sand:river sand = 1:1). The water-cement ratio (45%, 50%, 55%, 60%), andtiwashout underwater agent contents (0.82%, 1.00%, 1.14% of water contents per unit volume of concrete), and superplasticizer contents (1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% of cement contents per unit volume of concrete) were chosen as the experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the underwater segregation resistance, unit weight of hardening concrete and compressive strength were increased as the water-cement ratio decreased and as the antiwashout underwater agent contents increased. On the other hand, the flowability(slump flow) was increased to the 55% of the increase of water-cement ratio, however, it was decreased at the ratio of 60%. From this study, the antiwashout underwater concrete can potentially be used as a materials underwater work of ocean if the water-cement ratio and chemical admixture contents for the suitable balance between cost and performance are properly selected.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2016

Cyclic triaxial and resonant column tests were conducted to understand the beneficial effects of various grouted sands on liquefaction resistance and dynamic properties. The test procedures were performed on a variety of grouted sands, such as silicate-grouted sand, silicate-cement grouted sand and cement-grouted sand. For each type of grout, sand specimen was mixed with a 3.5% and 5% grout by volume. The specimens were tested at a curing age of 3, 7, 28 and 91 days, and the results of the cyclic stress ratio, the maximum shear modulus and the damping ratio were obtained during the testing program. The influence of important parameters, including the type of grout, grout content, shear strain, confining pressure, and curing age, were investigated. Results indicated that sodium silicate grout does not improve the liquefaction resistance and shear modulus; however, silicate-cement and cement grout remarkably increased the liquefaction resistance and shear modulus. Shear modulus decreased and damping ratio increased with an increase in the amplitude of shear strain. The effect of confining pressure on clean sand and sodium silicate grouted sand was found to be insignificant. Furthermore, a nonlinear regression analysis was used to prove the agreement of the shear modulus-shear strain relation presented by the hyperbolic law for different grouted sands, and the coefficients of determination, $R^2$, were nearly greater than 0.984.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4644-4652
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• 2014

본 연구는 시멘트 종류와 잔골재 시멘트 비율(S/C)이 PSC 구조물용 그라우트의 기본 물성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시멘트는 1종 (보통) 시멘트와 3종 (조강) 시멘트를 사용하였고, S/C를 0.5, 1.0 그리고 1.5로 변화하여 그 영향을 평가하였다. 1종 시멘트의 사용 시 모든 S/C에서 3시간과 20시간이 지났을 때 다수의 블리딩이 발생하였다. 반면에 3종 시멘트의 사용 시, 블리딩이 현저히 줄어들었지만 유동성이 낮아지는 문제점이 발생하였다. 또한, 고성능감수제의 종류를 나프탈렌계와 폴리칼본산계 두 종류를 비교한 결과 3종 시멘트를 사용한 경우의 저하된 유동성 문제를 폴리칼본산계 고성능감수제의 사용으로 해결할 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회 제6권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

Waste foundry sand of industrial waste which is happening by vast quantity according to fast development of industry has much the occurrence amount and processing method is depended on reclamation, and is using by fine aggregate for construction by recycling method among others. In this research Waste foundry sand powder into cement replace fare use possibility availability judge wish to Slump and air content decreased the replacement ratio increases by concrete special quality that do not harden according to experiment result, and unit capacity mass and bleeding increased the replacement ratio increases. Hardening concrete intensity special quality displayed strength improvement to replacement ratio 20%, and tendency that watertightness increases most in replacement ratio loft in watertight property appear. Considering the strength and watertight properties, the adequate usage of waste foundry sand powder is the 10% of replacement ratio.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

Soil-cement stabilization is a type of ground improvement method which has been used to improve the engineering properties of soil. The unconfined compression test is the commonly used method to evaluate the quality of the stabilized soil due to its simplicity, reliability, rapidity and cost-effectiveness. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recovered carbon black (rCB) on the strength characteristic of cement-stabilized sand. Various rCB contents and water to cement ratios (w/c) were examined. The unconfined compression test on stabilized sand with different curing times was also conducted for a reconstituted specimen. From the test result, it was found that the compressive strength of cement-stabilized sand increased with the increase of the rCB content up to 3% and the curing time and with the decrease of the w/c ratio, showing that the optimum rCB concentration of the tested stabilized sand was around 3%. In addition, a prediction equation was suggested in this study for cement-stabilized sand with rCB as a function of the w/c ratio and rCB concentration at 14 and 28 days of curing.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.935-948
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• 2017

An experimental program was conducted to investigate the effects of the static compaction pressure, cement content, water/cement ratio, and curing time on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the cement treated sand. UCS were conducted on samples prepared with 4 different cement/sand ratios and were compacted under the lowest and highest static pressures (8 MPa and 40 MPa). Each sample was cured for 7 and 28 days to observe the impact of curing time on UCS of cement treated samples. Results of the study showed the unconfined compressive strength of sand increased as the cement content (5% to 10%) of the cement-sand mixture and compaction pressure (8 MPa to 40 MPa) increased. UCS of sand soil increased 30% to 800% when cement content was increased from 2.5% to 10%. Impact of compaction pressure on UCS decreased with a reduction in cement contents. On the other hand, it was observed that as the water content the cement-sand mixture increased, the unconfined compressive strength showed tendency to decrease regardless of compaction pressure and cement content. When the curing time was extended from 7 days to 28 days, the unconfined compressive strengths of almost all the samples increased approximately by 2 or 3 times.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권4C호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2008

시멘트로 고결된 사질토의 일축압축강도와 취성적인 거동을 개선하기 위하여 단섬유를 사용한 혼합토에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 낙동강 모래에 포틀랜드시멘트와 콘크리트 보강재로 많이 사용되고 있는 폴리비닐알코올 섬유를 무작위로 보강하였다. 낙동강 모래에 시멘트와 섬유를 최적함수비로 잘 섞은 다음 5층 다짐으로 공시체를 만든 후 7일간 양생시켰다. 적은 양의 시멘트를 혼합하여 시멘트의 고결효과보다는 섬유의 인장력으로 인한 보강효과에 중점을 두었다. 8% 이하의 시멘트비를 가진 약하게 고결된 혼합토에 섬유비를 다르게 공시체를 제작하여 일축압축시험을 실시하였다. 섬유비와 시멘트비에 따른 일축압축강도의 특성을 비교하였으며, 일축압축강도는 시멘트비가 2%인 경우 섬유비의 증가에 따라 최대 6배까지 증가하였다. 섬유의 인장력으로 공시체의 연성이 증가하여 최대응력 시의 축변형률이 시멘트비가 2%인 경우 섬유비에 따라 최대 7% 정도 증가하였다. 시멘트비가 2%인 혼합토에 1%의 섬유 보강으로 인한 효과를 마찰각의 증가와 점착력의 증가로 분리하여 해석하였으며, 마찰각의 증가로 해석한 경우 섬유로 전달되는 응력은 수직응력의 8% 정도로 계산되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.105-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this was to examine the used of fly ash as a type of construction material. In this paper the results from a recent study on development of a cement composite utilizing relatively large amount of fly ash are presented. The flowable fly ash-cement sand composite was investigated for strength and flowability characteristics. The independent variable considered were: fly-ash content, sand content, and ratio of water to cementitious materials. Results of this study show that high volume fly-ash composite can be proportioned to obtain 10~15kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ compressive strength at 28 days. For applications requiring strength between 10kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 15kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the mixture with fly ash-cement ratio of 5.6 and sand-cement ratio of 28 with relatively high water content may be used. Slump was held at 25$\pm$1cm for all mixtures produced compressive strength at 28 days were found to range from 5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 13.7kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.108-112
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• 2005

In this research, the physical properties of fresh concrete using lime stone powder as a part of cement were investigated. Fresh concrete using lime stone powder was prepared with various lime stone powder replacement($5{\sim}12$ volume %) for cement and the quantities of sand aggregate ratio in concrete were 47.3%, 48.5% and 49.4% of ratio of sand aggregate. The workability, flowing characteristics, air content and bleeding of concrete using lime stone powder were tested and the results were compared with those of ordinary portland cement concrete. In the experiment, we acquired satisfactory results at the point of fresh concrete characteristics using lime stone powder within the replacement ratio of $8{\sim}12%$ and the optimum quantity of sand aggregate ratio in concrete was found to be $48.5%{\sim}50%$ of ratio of sand aggregate.